高考英语阅读之猜词技巧.ppt

高考英语阅读GuessingUnknownWords,高考英语阅读GuessingUnknownWords,一般说来，考查形式一般是在文与题中均画线标明。考查内容有名词、代词、动词或词组，既可能是生词，也可能是熟词。,Theunderlinedwordfamilyinthesecondparagraphmeans_.A.homeB.childrenC.wifeandhusbandD.wifeandchildren,Thebaker,withhiswifeandfamily,wasabletogetoutthroughawindowintheroof.,1.构词法（Word-building）(1)利用前缀和后缀(2)转化(3)合成2.根据普通常识、生活经验推测生词词义(Commonsense,Experience)3.根据上下文相关的信息（RelatedInformation）,利用前缀和后缀1)Theideaoffamilyseemstobemoreorlessnon-existentinEngland.（04广东）2)Andaparticularpieceofequipmentbreaksupthenonrecyclables.(NMET2000)3)Ibegannoticingthattheotherfellowswereoverchargingpassengers.（04广东）4)ThenJohnnycameoutandtoldusanextraordinarystory,不存在的,“不可再回收利用的东西”。,对要价太高,不同寻常的,(2)转化英语中有些单词,词形不变,词性却可以由一种转化成另一种。如：1)Iemptiedeverythingintoanotherbox.2)YesterdayIspentthewholedaypaperingthewalls.3)Readthenewsfromdifferentviewsanddrawyourownconclusionsonthestoriesshapingourworld.(04广东)4)Theturbine（涡轮机）canthenpoweranelectricalgeneratortoproduceelectricity.（05广东）,由“空的”转义为“倒空,用纸贴,塑造,使定型,发动,(3)合成，就是由两个或两个以上的单词构成一个新词。英语中合成词多如繁星，大大增加了英语词汇。如:classroom,newspaper,pickpocket,editor-in-chief,handshake,silkworm,motorcycle,2.根据普通常识、生活经验推测词义,1)Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.2)Thiswoollenmaterialshouldbedry-cleaneditwillshrinkifyouwashitinhotwater.,麻醉剂,缩水,3.根据上下文相关的信息（RelatedInformation）:根据给生词下的定义，生词前后句子的同义关系、反义关系,因果关系,根据列举的事例,标点符号等。,根据上下文以生词的定义为线索猜测词义是最直接的一种猜词方法.以tobe(是),mean(意指),referto(指的是)“bedefinedas”(被定义为),“beknownas”(被称为),“becalled”(被称为),“betermed”(被定义为)等结构为线索猜测词义.,1)Ventilation,asyouknow,isasystemormeansofprovidingfreshair.Itplaysaveryimportantpartinthefieldofengineering.2)Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.(NMET90)3)Forloversofthearts,Apolloisatrulynecessarymagazine.（04广东）4)Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.(NMET1993),通风,退火,盗窃癖,5)Apersonorthingbeyondcomparison,amodelofexcellence,isknownasaparagon.6)Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.,模范、优秀的人或物,木匠,)Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.)Wecanfeelacceleration,anincreaseinspeed,变戏法者,以定语从句为线索猜测词义也是一个行之有效的猜词方法,加速（同位关系）,标点符号,如括号、冒号、破折号等往往为一些生词直接提供定义或解释,这些符号无疑为读者理解或猜测生词词义提供了很好的线索9)Tornadoesnormallyoccuronhot,humid(alittlewet)day,butnotnecessarilyinthesummer.10）Thisyearsometwenty-threehundredteen-agers(youngpeopleagedfrom13-19)fromallovertheworldwillspendabouttenmonthsinU.Shomes.(上海高考）,潮湿的,11)SomeorganizationsofUnitedNationsprefertotakeonPolyglotsastheirworkersthosewhocanunderstandaswellasspeakmanylanguages.,懂而且会说多种语言的人,12)(2004年上海卷,C篇)Withoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem-aformoffavouritismwillreplaceequality.Theword“favouritism”inparagraph3isusedtodescribethephenomenonthat_.A.brightchildrenalsoneedcertificatestogetsatisfyingjobsB.childrenfromwell-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobsC.poorchildrenwithcertificatesarefavouredinjobmarketsD.childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess,）Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.）Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Theprincipaloftheschoolwasanolderwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.,Or,like(像一样),as.as(如同一样),thesameas(与相同)等有时可作为识别同义词或近义词的信号词,取代,接替,肥胖的,）Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.）ThoughTomsfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.）Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings；hiswife,however,isverythrifty.,一片混乱,肮脏的,节俭的,）.(NMET2002,E篇)Achildsbirthdaypartydoesnthavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordhassleprobablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests,常用来表示对应关系和提供相反信息的信号词有:but,yet,however,while,otherwise,inspiteof,despite,eventhough,although,though,unlike,instead(of),ratherthan,nevertheless,ontheotherhand,still,onthecontrary,comparedto,19)Definedmostbroadly,folkloreincludesallthecustoms,beliefandtraditionthatpeoplehavehandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.20）Inthelibrary,youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.,民俗学,民俗传统,期刊，杂志,21.(2001A)ThelargestplayerShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices-deluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavorite.Thewords“deluxesedans,”“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextreferto_.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers,C,22）Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong23）Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.24)SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.,because，since,as,so,so.that与such.that这些信息词出现在有生词的句中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分，就能猜出生词的词义,修剪,浑浊的,复制品,25）Anotherhabitwhichcanslowyourreadingiscalledsubvocalization.Inthiscaseyourlipsdonotmove,butyoustillheareachwordinyourheadasyoureadsilently.26)Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.A.strongB.firmC.kindD.clever27)Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest,默读,B,A,8。SomethinginterestinghappenedduringthelastChristmasshoppinghourinLondon.Apoorman,wh