英语新闻写作解析.ppt

英语新闻写作Englishnewswriting,按传播工具分：Newspapercoverage,magazinecoverage,radionews,TVnews,cablenews,dispatches.新闻事实发生的地域和范围：homenews,localnews报道的内容：politicalnews,economicnews,technologicalnews,culturalnews,sportsnews,violenceandcrimenews,disasternews,weathernews,obituary,entertainment.,Classifications,新闻与新闻价值（newsandnewsvalue)Newsvaluedeterminers/determinants时效性timeliness和新鲜感freshness重要性importance,consequence,impactorsignificance显著性prominence接近性nearness,proximityorlocality,NewsValue,新闻与新闻价值奇异性unusualness,bizarreness,oddityornovelty(whenadogbitesaman,thatsnotnews;butwhenamanbitesadog,thatsnews)趣味性interest,crime,moralsandethics,population,life,marriage,family,friendship,loveandemotion,money,sex.,News-headlineLeadInvertedPyramidStylebody,消息的基本结构,1.Theysummarizethenews,sothatbytakingaglanceattheheadline,thereaderwillknowwhatthestoryisabout2.Theyattractthereadersattentionwithlargeprintandsometimeswithlanguageofshockingorsensationaleffect;3.Theyindexthenews,i.e,ranktheimportanceofstoriesbythesizeoftheprintandplacementonthepage4.Theydecoratethepage;5.Theyfillthespace,TheImportanceofHeadline,Sentencesarepreferredtophrases.AFortunateGrandmotherGrannyHugsDaughterLostfor30Years(2)NominalgroupsarecondensedCo-HaboffcampusTriggersArguments,HeadlineGrammarRule,(5)Inpassivevoice,theverb“tobe”isomittedBoyFoundDeadInBasementCab-DriverTrappedinFakeAccident(6)Copularverbs(系动词）areoftenleftoutPrepProgramTrendyPriortoGraduateExamsPeaceStudiesNewintheWest,SaysUkProfessor,Requirement:1.Usuallyonesentence2.Summarizethenews3.Attractthereadersattention,WritingaLead,Aleadshouldcontaintheessenceofthestory.NoblePrizelaureateJimHoffmanwentuptothestageandgreetedthestudentsofNanjingUniversitywhentheyweregatheredtocelebratetheMayFourthYouthDayyesterday.,TipsforWritingaLead,2.Aleadshouldbeginwiththemostimportantelementsofinformation.Thedeathtollsoarto750asadevastating8.8-magnitudeearthquakehitChileonearlySaturday.,3.AleadwritershouldactivevoiceifpossibleApoweroutragelastnightwascausedbyafuseblowoutinDormitoryNo.12.ApoweroutragelastnightangereddozensofstudentsinDormitoryNo.12wholostfilesintheircomputers.,4.Aleadwritershouldtrynottooverwhelmthereaderwithtoomuchdetail5.Aleaderwritershouldweedoutanythingindicativeofyourownopinion,6.“Agoodleadisonethatgetsthemostreaderstothenextparagraph.”Agoodleadshouldinform,underline,andstimulateinawaythebestconveysastorysmeaning.e.g.,Dentalsurgeonssaidyesterdaytheyhaddiscoveredwhysnoringcankillsometimes:itcandamagethearteries.,LiJunandWangHaoarefourth-yearcomputermajorsharingthesamedormitory.Duetoaseverecaseofpolioinchildhood,WangHaohastowalkwithtwocrutches.FormorethanthreeyearssincetheyenteredtheUniversity,LiJunhasbeenhelpinghisroommateclimbstairs,carrythings,andgetmealsandhotwaterregardlessofhowbadtheweatheris.Lastsemesterwhentheclasshadanouting,LiJunborrowedawheelchairsothatWangHaocouldgohikingwithothers.Liandotherstudentspushedthewheelchairallthewaytothetopofthemountain.BecauseofwhatLiJunhasdoneforWangHaoovertheyears,thestudentunionoftheUniversitydecidedatarecentmeetingtoawardLiJunthetitleof“ModelStudentinLearningfromLeiFeng”whentheyholdtheMayFourthYouthDaystudentmeetingnextweek.,Thestudentunionnextweekwillawardthetitleof“ModelStudentinLearningfromLeiFeng”toafourth-yearcomputermajorwhohasbeen,formorethanthreeyears,helpingadisabledroommateclimbstairs,carrybooks,andgetmealsandhotwater.,Samplelead,Writeupaleadbasedonthefollowingfacts.Youdonthavetoincludealldetails.Who:Aboystudentandagirlstudent,ProfessorTang,allfromtheChineseDepartmentofNanjingUniversityWhat:Theboyconfessedhislovetothegirlinfrontoftheirclassmatesandtookherawaywiththeprofessorsconsent;thestoryspreadrapidlyandcreatedastirontheInternetWhen:Tuesday,rightbeforetheForeignLiteratureclassstartedWhere:inaclassroomonXianlincampus,TheleadoffersthemostessentialElementstellingwhowhatwhenwherewhyandhowofthestorythesecondparagraphhaslessimportantinformationandbeginstofillindetailsaboutthelead.Laterparagraphscontainstilllessimportantinformation.Thiswayofframinganewsstoryiscalled“invertedpyramid.,TheInvertedPyramid,Summarylead,Backup(quotesorfacts),Supportingpoints,Ending,1.TheinvertedpyramidformcomesfromtheAmericanCivilWar2.Theinvertedpyramidleadispresentedassimplyandclearlyaspossible3.decidewhatismostimportantandwhatshouldfollowindescendingorderofimportance4.Theinvertedpyramidsavesreaderstimeandeditorsspace,NANJING-AYak-42airlinercarrying116passengersand10crewmemberscrashedontakeofffromtheNanjingAirportinEastChinayesterdayat15:06(Beijingtime).Sofar,100peopleonboardaredeadand26injured.Afull-scalerescueattemptfortheinjuredisstillunderway.TheaircraftofGP7552flightfailedtoliftoffandburstintoaballofflamesaboutmetersfromtherunway.Theplane,operatedbyChina-General-PurposeAirlineCompanyinXian,wasusedontheroutefromNanjingCityinJiangsuProvincetoXiamenCityinSoutheastChinasFujianProvince.,Nanjingaircrashkillsatleast100,Aftertheaccident,ZhuRongji,Vice-PremierofStateCouncil,andleadingmembersofsomedepartmentsconcernedflewtoNanjingat20:00(Beijingtime)toinspectthesceneoftheaccident,lamentthedeadandexpresscondolencestothefamiliesofthedead.Theyalsowenttothe