高三语法专项突破-名词性从句复习

名词性从句,NounClause,NounClause:FunctionsasaNOUNinasentence.,Question:Whatisthefunctionofanouninasentence?名词在句中可以充当什么成分?,名词性从句nounclause,主语从句subjectclause,宾语从句objectclause,表语从句predicativeclause,同位语从句appositiveclause,引导名词从句的连接词：1）连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever等连接副词when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however2）连接词whether/if若一个名词从句,表达的含义为“是否”3）连接词that若一个句子表达含义和句子结构均完整，用连词that。“that”在从句中不充当任何成分，没有任何含义。,一.Objectclause(宾语从句)1)老师教导我们要志向崇高。Theteachertaughtusthatweshouldaimhigh.2)你是否能成功将取决于你做什么和怎么做。Yoursuccesswilldependonwhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.3)他是否能来帮助我们，我感到怀疑。Idoubtwhether/ifhewillcometoourhelp.4)Whetherhewillacceptyouroffer,Idontknow.(不用if),1.Thefactis_shedoesntlikepopmusic.2.Mytroubleis_Idonthaveenoughexperience.3.Thequestionis_hewillbepresentornot.4.Whattroubledhimwas_hecouldgetthemoney.,that,that,whether,whether/where/how,二.Predicativeclause(表语从)句,5.Heisabsenttoday.Its_heisseriouslyill.6.Itlooks_itsgoingtorainagain.,because,asif,Tips:系动词的分类,一、五大感官系动词：look,sound,smell,taste,feel二、状态系动词：be,appear,seem,keep,stay,remain三、动态系动词：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come/become,run四、终止系动词：prove,turnout,Whatyouhavesaid_.AissoundedinterestingBsoundsinterestingCsoundinterestedDlistensinterestedLook!Severalpeopleinthecrowdseemed_.AtobefightingBtohavefoughtCbeingfoughtDhavingfought,How_thesongshesingssounds!Ihavenever_abettervoice.Abeautifully,soundedBbeautiful,soundedCsweet,listenedtoDsweet,heardHerfeelingaboutthemarriage_ratherstrange.AislookedBisseemedCseemsDisappeared,Thenewshirt_right.AdoesntfeelBisntfeltCisntfeelingDdoesnttouchHowhappyit_formetobehomeagainaftertwentyyearsabroad!AgivesBfeelsCisfeltDisgivenJohn_driversincetwomonthsago.AbecameaBhasbecomeaChasturnedDhasbeena,He_hefeltvery_overthedeathoftheboy.Aseemedthat,sadBseemedasif,sadlyClookedasthough,sadDlookedthat,sadnessTheice_thickontheriver.AislainBlayClaidDlie,三.Subjectclause(主语从句)1.人生最重要的并非金钱。Whatisthemostimportantinlifeisntmoney.2.凡是想看这部电影的人可免费得到一张票。Whoeverwantstoseethefilmmaygetafreeticket.3.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.4.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-Itisapitythatthat无意义,后接一个完整的句子.,五.Appositiveclause(同位语从句):后面跟同位语从句的名词有:fact,news,ideathought,question,remark等.1.Theidea_computerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.Thepossibility_themajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.3.Ihavenoidea_hehasgone.4.Theyarethinkingaboutthequestion_theycouldsucceedinthecompetition.5.Pleasetellusthetruth_didthatforus.,that,that,where,how,who,注意点一:同位语从句与定语从句的区别1.同位语从句意思完整,that引导,不完整时,用whether,when,where,how来引导.(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连接词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。,他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的.2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,注意点二:what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别what引导名词性从句时在从句中1）充当句子成分（主、宾、表）；2）本身有词义。而that1）只起连接作用；2）本身没有词义；3）不在从句中担任成分。1)_yousaidyesterdayisright.(=Allthatyou)2)_sheisstillaliveisapuzzle.,What,That,注意点三:用whether不用if在宾语从句中，if和whether通常可以互换使用.但在1)连接词紧挨着ornot时,用whether.Idontknowwhetherornothewillcome.2)主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句若需表达“是否”，只能用连词whether，不能用if。3)介词宾语从句只能用whether，不用if。4)whethertodoHehasntdecidedwhethertogo.5)discuss+whether从句,注意点四:that的省略问题,Hesaid(that)hecouldnttellyourightawayandthatyouwouldntunderstand.Hesaid(that)hecouldnttellyourightawayandyouwouldntunderstand.JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,ourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoat.JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoat.,3.除了他来自南方之外,我们对他一无所知.Weknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.4.他病倒了使我们很担心.Thathehadfallenillmadeusworried.Whatworrieduswasthathehadfallenill.,连接词that不能省略的情况:1)and连接两个宾语从句,that引导的宾语从句放在and后时不能省略.2)that引导的宾语从句作介词but/except的宾语时.3)that引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句以及that引导的从句放在句首时.4)主句谓语动词与that从句中有插入语时.,注意点五：语序问题与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用陈述语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装。Noonecanbesure_inamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike,名词性从句中有插入成分时应注意两点：一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。_youhaveseenbothfighters，_willwin？A.Since；doyouthinkwhoB.As；whoyouthinkC.When；whoeverD.Since；whodoyouthink,注意点六：whatever,whichever,whoever,whenever,wherever,however等与nomatterwhat,nomatterwhich,nomatterwho,nomatterwhen,nomatterwhere,nomatterhow的区别:前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而nomatter加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。Hewillbelievewhateverotherssay.（不能用nomatterwhat代替whatever）Whateverotherssay,hewillbelieveit.（可以用nomatterwhat代替whatever）,1.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho,2._muchadviceIgavehim,hedidexactlywhathewantedtodo.A.HowB.WhateverC.HoweverD.Nomatter,3.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever,注意点七：虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用。(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或“could(should)+have+过去分词”。,Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.IwishIhadknowntheanswer.IwishIcouldflylikeabird.,在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order等动词后的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形或是动词原形。如：Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.Thedoctororderedshe(should)beoperatedon.,（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”。如：Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoShanghaiiswonderful.Myideaisthatthey(should)pay100.dollars.,（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyoushouldbesocareless.,Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：Itispitythatyoucantswim.,2010年高考真题练习,（10浙江）1Howaboutcampingthisweekend,justforachange?OK,youwant.AwhicheverBhoweverCwhateverDwhoever,考点：本题考查引导词。解析：句意：“这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。,9Itisuncertainsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.AthatBwhatChowDwhether,考点：本题考查主语从句的引导词。解析：根据句意：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但是，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。sideeffect意思是“副作用”，还原主语从句中的主干是themedicinewillbringabout_sideeffect。故选择what，形容词“什么样的”，起修饰作用。,（10上海）36.Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeisshecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.thatB.howC.whatD.why,考点：此处考查的是同位语从句。解析：考察that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。,（10山东）26.Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof_mykidswillneedforthecomingseason.A.whyB.whatC.howD.which,考点：本题考查宾语从句的引导词。解析：句意应为“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语，所以B项结构正确。which引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。,（10上海）37.Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow.A.heisenteringwhichlaneB.whichlaneheisenteringC.isheenteringwhichlaneD.whichlaneisheentering,考点：本题考查宾语从句。解析：which引导的句子做know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。,（10四川）14Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyonhegoeswith，whetherhisfriendsorrelatives,w_ww.k#s5_u.co*mAwhatBwhoChowDwhy,考点：考查介词后的宾语从句。解析：根据句末的whetherhisfriendsorrelatives可知应是和谁去，故选B。句意为“一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。”,（10全国）33.Wehaventdiscussedyet_wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where,句意：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。解答：根据选项此题考察从句。题干中空格划在动词discuss的后面，因此考察宾语从句，根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D。,（10湖北）31.IwanttobelikedandlovedforIaminside.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.how,考点:宾语从句解析：我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A，错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。,10全国）10.Haveyoufinishedthebook?-No,Ivereadupto_thechildrendiscoverthesecretcave.A.whichB.whatC.hatD.where,【解析】考查宾语从句。Upto为介词结构，后接宾语从句从句；而句意是“读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”，故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。,（10江苏）35.IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.Thats_Idontagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.A.whereB.howC.whenD.