名词性从句复习与定语从句

,名词性从句,名词性从句复习,基本概念：名词在句子中可以作主语，宾语，表语，同位语。我们就把在复合句中作主语，宾语，表语，同位语的句子称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连词有：从属连词：that,whether,if疑问代词：what,which,who,whom,whose疑问副词：when,where,why,how复合关系代词：whatever,whoever,whomever,whosever复合关系副词：whenever,wherever,主语从句一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。Thattheearthisroundistrue.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.Whatyouaredoingseemsverydifficult.Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.特别提醒1引导主语从句的连词是不能省略的。2可用形式主语it代替主语从句,但what除外；Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheywillstart.,常用的Itthat主语从句模式：1)Its+adj.+thatItseasythattheboyworksoutthismathsproblem.Itsimportantthatweshouldknowtheinformation.2)It+seems/happenedthatIthappenedthatIwasoutthatevening.X:Itshappenedthat.,3)Its+过去分词thatItshopedthatourteamcanwinthegame.Itsthoughtthathousingproblembecomesmoreandmoreserious.(ItssaidthatItsconsideredthatItsreportedthatItsbelievedthat)对比强调句：Its+被强调部分that/who.被强调部分：人，时间，地点，原因ItwasinthelibrarythatIlostmyglasses.ItisonSundaythathealwaysgoesfishing.,表示“是否”意义时，一般用whether而不用if引导主语从句，但口语时，如果有形式主语it引导，既可用whether，也可用if。Itisstillaquestionifshewillcomeornot4.what作从句中的成分that不充当任何成分如；Thatthethiefwasarrestedistrue.Whatsurprisedmemostistheseriouspollutionoftheriver.,试试看：1hewillgoabroadistrue.2_wearegoingtoplanttreestomorrowhasbeendecided.3_upsetherishisunkindwords.4_weexpectisanactiveyoungman.,That,That,What,What,that与whether区别,that用于肯定句，肯定的语气whether用于疑问或否定的语气1_wecanwinthematchisclear.2_wecanwinthematchisstillaproblem.3_hewillgotoLondonhasbeendecided4_hewillgotoLondonhasnotbeendecided,That,Whether,That,Whether,宾语从句一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句。Imglad(that)youhavepassedtheexam.Idontknowwhether(if)youarewillingtohelpme.ImsorryforwhatIhavesaid.特别提示1宾语从句的连词that可以省略。但用and并列两个宾语从句时，第二个从句前的that不可以省略.2用whetherornot不用if:在介词后的宾语从句通常用whether引导Idontknowwhetherornothewillcome.Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.c.真理性的事实，大自然一成不变的东西，时态永远用现在时,Hesaid(that)hewouldgotoBeijingforameetingandthathecouldgotoseehisuncleassoonashearrivedthere.Hetoldmethatpeopleallovertheworldlikepeacenotwar.,表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句.TheproblemisthatIamshortofmoney.Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.Thequestionishowwecangetthere.特别提醒1表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制.2表语从句不用if引导的，用whether,asifItlooksasifitisgoingtorain.,同位语从句一个句子在复合句中充当一个名词的同位语,进一步说明其内容，就叫同位语从句.e.g.ThenewsthattheChineseWomenFootballTeamwontheworldchampionisexciting.Theideathatweinvitedhimyesterdayisquitegood.Ihavenoideawherehelives.特别提醒1只有某些抽象名词才有同位语从句.这些抽象名词有:news,idea,belief,fact,question,problem,order,thought,promise,hope,reply2同位语从句中的时态不受主句限制的。3if不用于同位语从句中的。,与定语从句的区别,Thenewsthatheheardjustnowisnottrue.(定语从句）that充当从句中的宾语成分,可省略ThenewsthathewasadmittedtoBeijingUniversityexcitedallthevillage.（同位语从句）that不充当从句中的任何成分,也不可省略.,特别训练：1.ImsorryIhavenoidea_a.whatdoesthiswordmeanb.whatsthemeaningofthiswordc.whatthiswordmeansd.whatmeaningofthisword2._isknownthatsheisafamousdoctor.a.Thatb.Thisc.Itd.She3.Thereasonforhisabsencewas_hismotherwasill.a.becauseb.thatc.whyd.what4.Ihaventseenyouforages.Canyoutellme_?a.wherehaveyoub.whereyouhavegonec.wherehaveyoubeend.whereyouhavebeen.,C,B,D,C,5._wewillhaveagoodharvestthisyearisstillunknown.a.Ifb.Thatc.Whichd.Whether6._wasnotquiteclear.a.Whydidshedoitb.Whatshediditc.Thatshediditd.Whyshedidit7._doyouthinkisthetopstudentinyourclass?a.Whomb.Whoc.Whosed.Which8._mightdoharmtootherpeople.a.Thatyouhavedoneb.Whatyouhavedonec.Whathaveyoudoned.Whichhaveyoudone,D,D,B,B,9_getshomefirststartscooking.a.Anyoneb.Whoeverc.Whod.Those10.Isthis_lookingfor?a.whatareyoub.whatyouarec.thatwereyoud.thatyouwere11Hisidea_weshouldfinishtheworkaheadoftimewasaccepted.a.thatb.whetherc.ifd.which12.Thisisall_ourteacherexplainedtousinclass.a.whatb.thatc.whichd.of,B,B,A,B,定语从句复习基本概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于一个形容词，因此也叫形容词性从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。关系代词和关系副词在句中起引导定语从句的作用，同时又在定语从句中担任主语，宾语，表语，定语和状语等成分。e.g.HeistheonlypersonthatIcantrust.Doyoustillrememberthefactorywhereabigfirebrokeoutlastwinter?,关系代词有：who,whom,whose,which,that,as等。1).who,whomwho和whom只用于指人，who在定语从句中作主语，whom作宾语，但在口语中常用who代替whom作宾语（作宾语时可省去）。TheprofessorwhogaveusalecturelastFridayisfromBeijingUniversity.Theman(who/whom)yousawjustnowisafamouspainter.但“ThemantowhomIspokejustnowcamefromJapan.”句中，只能用whom。,2).whichwhich只用于指物，也可指整个主句的概念，在定语从句中作主语和宾语（作宾语时可省去）。Ilostthepen(which)myfathergavemelastyear.Theletterwhichcamejustnowisfrommyuncle.Itrainedalldaylong,whichforcedthesportsmeettobeputoff.特别提醒which作介词宾语时，还可将介词放在which之前，这时不能用that替换Thesoldierscametoafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.在非限定性定语从句指整个主句概念时，也不可用that替代,that在定语从句中既可指人，也可指物，可担任主语和宾语，常可以代替which、who和whom。Hereistheman(that)wemetyesterday.Myhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.4).whosewhose既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中放在名词前作定语。Doyouknowtheboywhosebrotherisafamousartist?Weliveinaroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.这句中的whose=ofwhich但名词前要加theWeliveinaroomofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.Weliveinaroomthewindowsofwhichfacesouth,as也可作关系代词，指整个主句的概念，常译为“正如”之意，在句中作主语或宾语。as引导的定语从句放在主句之前;Asisreportedinthepapers,ourcountryhaslaunchedanothermanmadeearthsatellite.as引导定语从句还常放在thesame和such后。ThisisthesameoneasIshowedyoutheotherday.Keepawayfromsuchthingsaswilldoyouharm.when在定语从句中作时间状语。EinsteinhadtostophisresearchworkintheyearwhentheFirstWorldWarbrokeout.where在定语从句中作地点状语。Whatisthenameofthetownwherewestayedlast?,why在定语从句中作原因状语，多放在名词thereason后。Thereasonwhyhediditwillalwaysremainamystery.特别提醒1如果定语从句修饰的地点或时间名词在句中作主语或宾语，这时要用关系代词that或which，而不用关系副词where或when。ThisisaplacewhichIvelongedtovisit.)Doyouremembertheyearsthatwespentinthecountryside2在下面几种情况中只能用that，不能用which:1).先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little等不定代词时。IsthereanythingherethatIcandoforyou?,2).当先行词被形容词最高级