现代大学英语听力2Unit-11-Nature

ContemporaryEnglishListeningB2Unit11Nature,Area14,000,000km2Population5,000temporaryresidents,Antarctica,RoaldAmundsenandhiscrewlookingattheNorwegianflagattheSouthPole,1911,DumontdUrvilleStation,anexampleofmodernhumansettlementinAntarctica,TasklWordsandexpressions,TheAntarctic:南极地区Antarctica:南极洲fossil:化石Gondwanaland:冈瓦纳大陆proof:证据；证明icesheet:(technical术语)冰原；冰盖,Gondwanaland冈瓦纳古陆(冈瓦纳大陆),冈瓦纳古陆又称南方大陆。大陆漂移说所设想的南半球超级大陆。包括今南美洲、非洲、澳大利亚以及印度半岛和阿拉伯半岛。上述各大陆被认为在古生代及以前时期曾经连接在一起。“冈瓦纳大陆”是奥地利地质学家休斯（E.Suess）于1885年在（TheFaceoftheEarth）一书中提出的。根据印度中部冈瓦纳地区石炭纪到侏罗纪的地层“冈瓦纳系”得名。休斯认为，非洲、印度等大陆具有相同的地质历史和古植物群，过去曾经是一个统一的大陆。石炭纪一二叠纪时，南方大陆的大规模冰川活动已由非洲、南美洲、澳大利亚、印度等地发现的冰碛岩所证实。该古陆上发育的大冰盖，其中心在南极洲东部和非洲南部，冰盖由此辐散出去。古地磁资料也表明，当时这一带靠近古南极，大冰盖分布于古南纬60以内。二叠纪时期，南方大陆占优势的植物群是种子蕨类植物舌羊齿，其分布遍及南美洲、中非、南非、澳大利亚、南极洲和印度，而在包括北美洲、格陵兰、欧亚大陆在内的北方大陆则没有出现这类植物。一般认为，冈瓦纳古陆在中生代开始解体，新生代期间逐渐迁移到现今位置。,Gondwanaland,Task1Key,A.1)Ithadquiteawarmclimatethen.2)About150millionyearsago,Gondwanalandbegantobreakup,andtheAntarcticmovedsouthwardsuntilitreacheditspresentposition.3)99percentofthetotalareaofAntarcticaiscoveredbyamassiveicesheet.,Task1Key,B.1)Africa;Australia2)smalldog;(former)landconnection;animals;plants3)penguins,Task1Script,TheAntarctichasnotalwaysbeencoveredinice.Fossilplantsfoundintherocksindicatethatithadquiteawarmclimateabout150millionyearsago.AntarcticaonceformedpartofthesupercontinentGondwanaland,withSouthAmerica,Africa,India,AustraliaandNewZealandallgroupedarounditsedge.However,about150millionyearsagoGondwanalandbegantobreakup.TheAntarcticmovedsouthwardsuntilitreacheditspresentposition.,ThefinalprooffortheformerlandconnectionbetweenAntarcticaandtheGondwanalandcontinentswasfoundinsomemountainswheretheremainsofananimalaboutthesizeofasmalldogwerefound.Otherfossilremainsofanimalsandplantshavesincebeenfound.Todaythecontinentiscoveredbyamassiveicesheetmorethan4kilometersthick,whichcovers99percentofthetotalarea.Theremaining1percentisalmostlifeless,apartfromafewplants,andtheseaanimals,likethepenguins,whichcomeashoreatcertaintimesoftheyear.,Task2,Baliisland巴厘岛(BaliIsland)，是世界著名旅游岛，是印度尼西亚33个一级行政区之一。巴厘岛上大部分为山地，全岛山脉纵横，地势东高西低。岛上的最高峰是阿贡火山海拔3142米。巴厘岛是印度尼西亚唯一信奉印度教的地区。80%的人信奉印度教。主要通行的语言是印尼语和英语。沙努尔、努沙-杜尔和库达等处的海滩，是岛上景色最美的海滨浴场，这里沙细滩阔、海水湛蓝清澈。每年来此游览的各国游客络绎不绝。由于巴厘岛万种风情，景物甚为绮丽。因此，它还享有多种别称，如神明之岛、恶魔之岛、罗曼斯岛、绮丽之岛、天堂之岛、魔幻之岛、花之岛等。2015年由美国著名旅游杂志旅游+休闲一项调查结果把印尼巴厘岛评为世界上最佳的岛屿之一。,Bali:Length:145km(90.1mi)Width:80km(50mi)Highestelevation:3,148m(10,328ft)Highestpoint:MountAgung,KutaBeachisapopulartouristspotinBali,TheTirtaEmpulTempledrawstouristswhoseekitsholywaters,Keys,1)c2)a3)b4)a,Scripts,Baliisabeautifulislandofmountains,forestsandricefields.Itisalsoanislandofartists.Almosteverybodythereisanartistofsomekind.Thepeopleworkalldayathome,inthefieldsorontheirboats,butintheeveningtheymakemusic,dance,paintorcarvethingsoutofwoodandstone.FortheBalinese,artispartofreligion.Itisawayofpleasingtheirgods-andBali,theybelieve,isfullofgods.TherearethousandsoftemplesinBali,andtherearefestivalsatthesetempleswhenpeopledieorgetmarried,orwhenachildisborn.Atthesefestivalsthepeopletrytokeeptheirgodshappybygivingthemfood,bydancing,byacting,andbyplayingmusicforthem.,Scripts,Inthepast,theBalinesedidnotcareabouttheoutsideworld.ForthemBaliwasthewholeworld.Butinthe1930stouristsbegantovisitBali,andsincethe1950stourismhasbecomebigbusinessthere.Sotheislandershavebeguntoselltheirarttotourists.ThesedaystheBalineseproducemoreandmorethingsfortourists;theymakefewerthingsfortheirtemples.Theyhavelesstimefortheirgods,sotherearefewerfestivals.,Scripts,Eachyearmoretouristsbringmoremoneytotheisland;theyalsobringnewideasandanewwayoflife.TheBalineseknowthatiffewertouristscometotheisland,therewillbelessmoney.Buttheyalsoknowiftherearetoomanytourists,theBalinesewayoflifewillchangedrastically.Theauthoritiesaretryinghardtoorganizeandcontroltourismwithcaution.Balihastochange;neverthelesstheywanttomakesurethatitchangesforthebetter,notfortheworse.,Task3Wordsandexpressions,recreation:轻微地震；小震atomicbomb:原子弹explosion:爆炸，爆破，爆裂（声）van:客货车；厢式送货车,IndiansontheCowlitzRiverwatchinganeruptionofMountSt.Helens,aspaintedbyCanadianartistPaulKanefollowingavisittothevolcanoin1847(PhotographcourtesyoftheRoyalOntarioMuseum).,圣海伦火山（英语：MountSt.Helens）是一座活火山，位于美国太平洋西北区华盛顿州的斯卡梅尼亚县，西雅图市以南154公里，波特兰市东北85公里处，是喀斯喀特山脉的一部分。山的名称来自英国外交官圣海伦勋爵，他是18世纪对此地进行勘测的探险家乔治温哥华的朋友。圣海伦火山是包含160多个活火山的环太平洋火山带的一部分，因火山灰喷发和火山碎屑流而闻名。,圣海伦火山最著名的一次爆发发生在1980年5月18日的08:32(太平洋标准时间)。圣海伦火山景观这是美国历史上死伤人数最多和对经济破坏最严重的一次火山爆发(1912年阿拉斯加卡特迈火山爆发是美国历史上规模最大的一次火山爆发)。圣海伦火山爆发造成57人死亡，250座住宅、47座桥梁、24公里铁路和300公里高速公路被摧毁。火山爆发引发的大规模山崩使山的海拔高度从爆发前2950米下降到了2550米，并形成了1.5公里宽、125米深的马蹄形火山口。喷发出的火山灰和碎屑的体积达到了2.3立方公里，是历史记载中最大规模的一次。虽然与其他地质年代发生过的火山爆发相比则有所逊色。,MountSt.Helens,Keys,A.1)Becauseuntil1980,ithadbeenquietformorethanahundredyears.2)Itwasstrange.Nobirdsweresinging,andtheairwasstill.3)Hewasstandingnearthesummitandreportingtheeruptiononradio.B.Washington;35;1980;123;recreation;summit;tremors;smalleruptions;nodanger;1980;dust;ash;rocks;mud;40;peaceful;empty,Scripts,Mostvolcanoesarequiet.Theyrestpeacefullyforhundredsofyears.Noonepaysmuchattentiontothem.MountSt.Helenswasoneofthesevolcanoes.Until1980,itwasabeautifulrecreation消遣；娱乐area.Itslasteruptionhadbeen123yearsago.Noonewasworriedaboutanotherone.Then,inMarch1980,MountSt.Helensbegantomakenoises.Atfirst,thereweretremors.Then,smalleruptionsoccurred.Someresidentsleftimmediately.Othersfelttherewasnodanger.Thereareexcellentfacilitiesforsportandrecreation.有完善的体育娱乐设施。,Scripts,ButonthemorningofMay18,1980,themountainblewitstop.Withthepoweroftwenty-fiveatomicbombs,MountSt.Helensexploded.Cloudsofdustandashrosemorethantwelvemilesintothesky.Rocksandmudcrasheddowntheslopes.Unfortunately,manypeoplewerestillliving,camping,orworkinginthearea.Overfortypeoplelosttheirlives.Otherswererescued.,Scripts,RobertBakerwasfishingwithhisfamilywhentheexplosionoccurred.HereportedthatthemorningofMay18wasstrange.Nobirdsweresinging.Theairwasstill.Then,hesawalargeblackcloudcomingdowntowardthem.Inminutes,dayturnedintonight.Hecalledhisfamilytotheirvanandtheystartedontheslowdarkrideawayfromthemountain.Allthetime,hotashwasrainingonthem.,Scripts,Butotherpeoplewerenotsolucky.DavidJohnston,avolcanoexpert,wasstandingnearthesummitofthemountain.At8:31a.m.,heradioed,Thisisit!Hewasneverheardfromagain.MountSt.Helensispeacefulnow.Butitsslopesareempty.Itwillbemanyyearsbeforefish,plants,andtreeswillagainliveonthemountain.,Task11PlanetEarthis4,600,000,000