Linux下获取CPUID、硬盘序列号与 MAC地址

精选文库Linux下获取CPUID、硬盘序列号与 MAC地址在很多系统软件的开发中，需要使用一些系统的唯一性 信息。所以，得到主机的CPUID、硬盘序列号及网卡的MAC地址，就成个一件很重要的应用。Page published by Emacs Muse begins here本人经过一番google即自己的钻研，基本上实现了这几个功能。需要的准备知识有：1. GCC的嵌入汇编，具体的GCC嵌入汇编知识，请参考相关手册2. ioctl系统调用，具体的调用方法，请查看手册页获取CPUID按照网上提供的说明，CPUID并不是所有的Intel CPU都支持的。如果支持，汇编调用为：eax置0000_0003，调用cpuid。以下为实现代码（在我的CPU上，并没有得到）：#define cpuid(in,a,b,c,d) asm(cpuid: =a (a), =b (b), =c (c), =d (d) : a (in);static intgetcpuid (char *id, size_t max) int i; unsigned long li, maxi, maxei, ebx, ecx, edx, unused; cpuid (0, maxi, unused, unused, unused); maxi &= 0xffff; if (maxi 3) return -1; cpuid (3, eax, ebx, ecx, edx); snprintf (id, max, %08lx %08lx %08lx %08lx, eax, ebx, ecx, edx); fprintf (stdout, get cpu id: %sn, id); return 0;获取硬盘序列号这个的实现，采用的是读取/etc/mtab文件，找到/（即根目录）挂载的设备文件，然后打开它，再用系统调用 ioctl来实现的。ioctl第二个参数为HDIO_GET_IDENTITY, 获得指定文件描述符的标志号ioctl的第三个参数为struct hd_driveid *，在linux/hdreg.h中，struct hd_driveid的声明有struct hd_driveid unsigned short config; /* lots of obsolete bit flags */ unsigned short cyls; /* Obsolete, physical cyls */ unsigned short reserved2; /* reserved (word 2) */ unsigned short heads; /* Obsolete, physical heads */ unsigned short track_bytes; /* unformatted bytes per track */ unsigned short sector_bytes; /* unformatted bytes per sector */ unsigned short sectors; /* Obsolete, physical sectors per track */ unsigned short vendor0; /* vendor unique */ unsigned short vendor1; /* vendor unique */ unsigned short vendor2; /* Retired vendor unique */ unsigned char serial_no20; /* 0 = not_specified */ unsigned short buf_type; /* Retired */ unsigned short buf_size; /* Retired, 512 byte increments * 0 = not_specified */ ;， 这其中，serial_no为硬盘的序列号。如果此项为0，则为没有提供。 思路明确了，以下为实现代码：static intgetdiskid (char *id, size_t max) int fd; struct hd_driveid hid; FILE *fp; char line0x100, *disk, *root, *p; fp = fopen (/etc/mtab, r); if (fp = NULL) fprintf (stderr, No /etc/mtab file.n); return -1; fd = -1; while (fgets (line, sizeof line, fp) != NULL) disk = strtok (line, ); if (disk = NULL) continue; root = strtok (NULL, ); if (root = NULL) continue; if (strcmp (root, /) = 0) for (p = disk + strlen (disk) - 1; isdigit (*p); p -) *p = 0; fd = open (disk, O_RDONLY); break; fclose (fp); if (fd 0) fprintf (stderr, open hard disk device failed.n); return -1; if (ioctl (fd, HDIO_GET_IDENTITY, &hid) 0) fprintf (stderr, ioctl error.n); return -1; close (fd); snprintf (id, max, %s, hid.serial_no); fprintf (stdout, get hard disk serial number: %sn, id); return 0;获取MAC地址通过创建一个socket，然后bind特定的IP地址，就可以通过ioctl得到这个套按地绑定的网络接口名称。然 后再通过网络接口名称，得到MAC地址。如果ioctl的第二个参数为SIOCGIFNAME, 则获得指定网络接口的名称；如果ioctl的第二个参数为SIOCGIFHWADDR，则获得指定网络接口的MAC地址ioctl的第三个参数为struct ifreq *，在linux/if.h头文件里，struct ifreq声明如下：struct ifreq#define IFHWADDRLEN 6 union char ifrn_nameIFNAMSIZ; /* if name, e.g. en0 */ ifr_ifrn; union struct sockaddr ifru_addr; struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr; struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr; struct sockaddr ifru_netmask; struct sockaddr ifru_hwaddr; short ifru_flags; int ifru_ivalue; int ifru_mtu; struct ifmap ifru_map; char ifru_slaveIFNAMSIZ; /* Just fits the size */ char ifru_newnameIFNAMSIZ; void * ifru_data; struct if_settings ifru_settings; ifr_ifru;， 其中，ifrn_name为网络接口的名称，ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr为网络接口的MAC地址。 #ifndef MAX_IFINDEX# define MAX_IFINDEX 8#endifstatic intgetmacaddr (const char *ip, char *id, size_t max) int i, sockfd; struct sockaddr_in *loc; struct ifreq req1; sockfd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); if (sockfd 0) fprintf (stderr, Unable to create socket.n); return -1; for (i = 0; i ifr_ifindex = i; if (ioctl (sockfd, SIOCGIFNAME, req) 0) fprintf (stderr, ioctl error: %sn, strerror (errno); continue; if (ioctl (sockfd, SIOCGIFADDR, req) ifr_ifru.ifru_addr); if (loc-sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr (ip) fprintf (stderr, %s bind at %s.n, ip, req-ifr_name); break; if (i = MAX_IFINDEX) fprintf (stderr, input IP error.n); close (sockfd); return -1; if (ioctl (sockfd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, req) ifr_hwaddr.sa_data0 & 0xff, req-ifr_hwaddr.sa_data1