定语-赵颖伦-线上

LectureTwo定语从句+分词做定语微信公众号：颖伦写作语法微博：学为贵-赵颖伦,定语,修饰名词或类似于名词的词。一般翻译为“的”，表示事物的性质或状态，分为前置或后置。常做定语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、所有格、doing、done、todo、从句等。,名词所有格,所有格指名词加上“”，如dogs,teachers单数名词+s:theboysdog，Johns，thatgirlsbag复数名词+：myparentsfriends，thosegirlsbags,分词形容词,doing/done主动关系（主谓关系）-doing被动关系（谓宾关系）-done表动作risingsun;retreatingtroops;roaringlionbesiegedcity;repeatedefforts;oppressedcities表特点livingcreatures;charminglady;workingclassesusedcars;cleaneddishes;brokenbottles,分词形容词在流程图中的使用,分词形容词在流程图中的使用,Thefourthstepistofreezethefishinthefreezerandthenthefrozenfishareputintoacontainertothaw.(CC)Themostimportantstageistohangandsmokethefishuntilreadyforsale,afterwhichthesmokedfisharepackedinboxesandfrozenagain.(CC),定语从句,定义：在复杂句中修饰名词或代词的从句是定语从句先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词定语从句必须放在先行词的后面引导词：关系代词：that;which;who;whom;whose关系副词：when;where;why,That;which;who,Ilikethegirlwhoworksinthefactory.thegirl=whoIcouldnotignorethedogthathadbeenbarkingallnight.thedog=thatIwouldliketoborrowthebookwhichyourecommendedyesterday.thebook=whichthat,which,who引导定语从句指代前面的名词，后面+不完整句子，它们与后面的部分共同构成从句。,WhenWhereWhy,IcannotforgetthedaywhenImetyouthefirsttime.Thelifecycleofthesilkwormbeginswhenthemothlaysanegg.时间名词+when-定语从句Thegovernmentshouldalsomakepeoplewillingtostaywheretheywereborn.IliketheplacewhereyoustudyEnglish.地点名词+where-定语从句Thereasonwhyheleftthecompanywasunknown.reason+why-定语从句,关系代词作引导词,Which-先行词是物。That-先行词是人+物。who-先行词是人whom-介词后面+whomwhose-先行词是人或者拟人化的名词，whose+nwhere-的先行词可以是含有地点意义的抽象名词，如situation，point,job,case等。Today,wewilldiscussanumberofcaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.Shewantsajobwherehermanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.,只用which，不用that的情况,有逗号Weareproducingevergreaterquantitiesofwaste,whichcontaminatestheearthandpollutesriversandoceans.介词提前Anegalitariansocietyisoneinwhicheveryonehasthesamerightsandthesameopportunities.指代前面一件事Gasemissionsfromfactoriesandexhaustfumesfromvehiclesleadtoglobalwarming,whichmayhaveadevastatingeffectontheplanetinthefuture.,其他情况都可以用that,用That而不用Which的情况,先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,little,few这种不定代词时ThereislittlethatIcanuse.先行词被all,each,few,much,every,no,some,any等不定代词修饰时Allthebooksthatyouneedarehere.先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthefirstcompositionhehaswritteninEnglish.先行词既有人，又有物的时候Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited,用That而不用Which的情况,先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时ThisistheverygunthatIamlookingfor.关系代词在从句中做表语的时候Heisnottheyoungmanthathewasthirtyyearsago.,填空,Incontrast,Germanyisgenerallythelowestspender.Thisismostevidentonphotographicfilm,_GermanyspendsmuchlessthanBritain.Thegapwasincreasedfurtherin1990_thefiguresroseto10.5yearsand3.5yearsrespectively.Butoverall,Ithinkthisislesslikelytoday,_academicqualificationsareessentialforgettingareasonablecareer.The_whywehavesomuchpackagingisthatweconsumesomuchmoreonadailybasisthanfamiliesdidinthepast.,Ifeverythingtheydomusthavesomeeducationaloracademicrelevance,thentheywillsoongettiredofstudyingaltogether,_isthelastthingparentswouldwant.Instead,thetraits_weinheritfromourparentsandthesituationsandexperiences_weencounterinlifeareconstantlyinteracting.Thosepeople_believetheyhaveachievedsecuritybydoingthesame,familiarthingsarelivingindenial.Thisistheonlything_individualscandoaboutsavingwildlives.,翻译句子,可以让年轻人有积极的世界观的运动员应该成为品牌代言人（endorser）政府需要解决的主要问题是不断增大的贫富差距大多数年轻人想居住在有更多就业机会的城市牛肉的消耗量在1992年到到达最高点5吨，那时鸡肉的消耗量只有1吨。很多人反对禁止吸烟的主要原因是这个政策会打击烟草业,翻译答案,Athleteswhoenableyoungpeopletohaveapositiveworldwideshouldbetheendorsersofbrands.Themainproblemthatthegovernmentneedstosolveistheincreasinggapbetweentherichandthepoor.Mostyoungpeoplewanttoliveinthecitiesinwhichtherearemorejobopportunities/thathavemorejobopportunities.Thebeefconsumptionreachedthepeakat5tonsin1992whenthatofchickenwasonly1ton.Themainreasonwhymanypeopleareagainstbanningsmokingisthatthispolicywillattacktobaccoindustry.,功能句：定语,定从功能句（一）,Which引导非限制性定语从句，表示前面一件事，后面的谓语动词用单数。Themovieindustryhasboomedinrecentyears,whichgreatlypromotesdomesticeconomicdevelopment.PeopletendtochecktheirphonesorsurftheInternetwhenhangingwiththeirfriends,whichisdetrimentaltoenhancingtheirrelationship.,2017-3-18,SomepeoplebelievethatchildrencanlearneffectivelybywatchingTVandtheyshouldbeencouragedtowatchTVbothathomeandschool.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?与传统的教学方法相比，电视上的视频使学习变得简单得多，并且学生很愿意去按照这种方式学习如果他们被如此鼓励，这可能使课本与老师的课程更加得没有吸引力。,2017-3-18,SomepeoplebelievethatchildrencanlearneffectivelybywatchingTVandtheyshouldbeencouragedtowatchTVbothathomeandschool.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?与传统的教学方法相比，电视上的视频使学习变得简单得多，并且学生很愿意去按照这种方式学习如果他们被如此鼓励，这可能使课本与老师的课程更加得没有吸引力。Comparedwithtraditionalteachingmethods,thevideosonTVmakeslearningmucheasierandchildrenaresurelyhappytolearnthroughitiftheyareencouragedso,whichmaymakebooksorlectureslessattractiveandappealing.,2016-1-9,Somepeoplethinkgovernmentshouldinvestmoremoneyinteachingsciencethanothersubjectsinorderforacountrytodevelopandprogress.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?在科技教学方面更多的投资会鼓励科技相关产业更多的劳动力，这可能会阻碍需要艺术和创造型人才领域的就业。,2016-1-9,Somepeoplethinkgovernmentshouldinvestmoremoneyinteachingsciencethanothersubjectsinorderforacountrytodevelopandprogress.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?在科技教学方面更多的投资会鼓励科技相关产业更多的劳动力，这可能会阻碍需要艺术和创造型人才领域的就业。Moreinvestmentinteachingsciencemayencouragegrowingworkforceinscience-relatedindustry,whichmayhindertheemploymentofthefieldsthatrequireartisticandcreativetalents.,2015-1-31,Somepeoplearguethattoomuchattentionandtoomanyresourcesaregiventotheprotectionofwildanimalsandbirds.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?随着农业、居住和工业活动的扩张，野生动物的数量见证了一个大幅度的下降，这对生态平衡造成了巨大的威胁。,2015-1-31,Somepeoplearguethattoomuchattentionandtoomanyresourcesaregiventotheprotectionofwildanimalsandbirds.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?随着农业、居住和工业活动的扩张，野生动物的数量见证了一个大幅度的下降，这对生态平衡造成了巨大的威胁。Withtheexpansionofagriculture,settlementandindustrialactivities,thenumberofwildanimalshasseenaplunge,whichposesagreatthreattoourecologicalbalance.,2018-10-27,Somepeoplebelievethatyoungpeopleshouldspendmoreoftheirfreetimeontheirfamiliesathomeandlesstimeonentertainmentsoutsidethehome.Othersdisagree.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.与朋友在外面娱乐的坏处之一就是年轻人很有可能沉迷于这种消遣，这可能使他们变得对工作或者家庭更加没有责任感。,2018-10-27,Somepeoplebelievethatyoungpeopleshouldspendmoreoftheirfreetimeontheirfamiliesathomeandlesstimeonentertainmentsoutsidethehome.Othersdisagree.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.与朋友在外面娱乐的坏处之一就是年轻人很有可能沉迷于这种消遣，这可能使他们变得对工作或者家庭更加没有责任感。Oneofthesignificantdisadvantagesbroughtbyspendingmuchtimeentertainingoutsideisthatyoungpeoplemaybeobsessedbyit,whichcausesthemtobelessresponsibleforfamiliesandtheirwork.,2018-10-13,Inmanycountrieswomenareallowedtotakematernityleavefromtheirjobsduringtheirfirstmonthafterthebirthoftheirbaby.Doadvantagesoutweighdisadvantages?如果女性可以休产假，那么公司在录取员工的时候肯定会把这个情况考虑在内，这会阻碍女性在职场中担任很重要的角色尽管他们的能力很高。,2018-10-13,Inmanycountrieswomenareallowedtotakematernityleavefromtheirjobsduringtheirfirstmonthafterthebirthoftheirbaby.Doadvantagesoutweighdisadvantages?如果女性可以休产假，那么公司在录取员工的时候肯定会把这个情况考虑在内，这会阻碍女性在职场中担任很重要的角色尽管他们的能力很高。Ifwomenareentitledtorestforacertainperiodoftimeaftergivingbirth,thecompanywillcertainlytakeitintoaccountwhenrecruiting,whichmayhinderthemfromundertakingimportantpositionsdespitetheirhighqualification.,定从功能句（二）,Thosewho,那些样的人Thosewhocannotfocusonclasslackself-control.Thosewhodonotknowthepsychologyofconsumerscannotsell.,2018-10-13,Inmanycountrieswomenareallowedtotakematernityleavefromtheirjobsduringtheirfirstmonthafterthebirthoftheirbaby.Doadvantagesoutweighdisadvantages?那些休完产假再来工作的女性更倾向于有一个比较好的家庭关系，从而有一个更好的工作状态，这对公司的长远发展也是十分有利的。,2018-10-13,Inmanycountrieswomenareallowedtotakematernityleavefromtheirjobsduringtheirfirstmonthafterthebirthoftheirbaby.Doadvantagesoutweighdisadvantages?那些休完产假再来工作的女性更倾向于有一个比较好的家庭关系，从而有一个更好的工作状态，这对公司的长远发展也是十分有利的。Thosemotherswhohavetakenmaternityleavearemorelikelytoenjoyagoodrelationshipwiththeirfamiliesandthereforeputinbetterperformanceatwork,whichisalsobeneficialtothelong-termdevelopmentofthecompany.,doing做后置定语,Thereisadoorthatleadstothegarden.,doing做后置定语,Thereisadoorthatleadstothegarden.that=adoor不喜欢重复省略that定语从句无主语-就不再是定语从句leadsto这个谓语动词就要变成-非谓语非谓语有三个选项：doing/done/todo因为adoor和lead是主动关系，所以用doingThereisadoorleadingtothegarden.,done做后置定语,TherearemanychildrenthatareaddictedtowatchingTV.,done做后置定语,TherearemanychildrenthatareaddictedtowatchingTV.that=children不喜欢重复省略that定语从句无主语-就不再是定语从句areaddictedto这个谓语动词就要变成-非谓语非谓语有三个选项：doing/done/todo因为children和addict是被动关系，所以用doneTherearemanychildrenaddictedtowatchingTV.,翻译句子,打算大力发展旅游业的国家都投入了大量的钱在保护当地生态环境上有丰富的经验和做决定的智慧的经理值得被高薪雇佣。为癌症所战斗的病人们需要大量的资金和精神支持。选择出国留学的学生们需要在前期做大量的准备工作以适应国外陌生的环境。,练习,打算大力发展旅游业的国家都投入了大量的钱在保护当地生态环境上。Thecountriesintendingtodeveloptourismhaveinvestedalargeamountofmoneyinprotectinglocalenvironment.有丰富的经验和做决定的智慧的经理值得被高薪雇佣。Theman