IELTS READING第一讲(new)雅思阅读概述

IELTSREADING,Lecturer:ZHAOYan(Suzanne)InternationalEducationCollegeTel:63555578suzannezhao,ObjectivesofIELTSREADING,HaveageneralideaofIELTSREADING;CanclassifydifferenttypesofIELTSREADINGquestions;Knowthecharacteristicsof4differentIELTSREADINGquestions;Graspskillsandstepsofdoing4kindsofquestions,OutlineofIELTSREADING,LectureOneOverviewofIELTSREADINGLectureTwoTrue/False/NotGivenquestionsLectureThreeListofHeadingsLectureFourMatchingquestionsLectureFiveSummary,TargetsofLectureOne,KnowtheclassificationsofIELTSREADING;HaveanoverviewofACADEMICIELTSREADING;KnowthedifferencesofsomeimportantwordsinIELTSREADING;,ObjectiveofLectureOne,ParaphraseCapabilities；StepsofhowtodoIELTSREADINGquestions;ClassificationsofIELTSREADINGquestionsaccordingtothedifficultiesoflanguageprocessingandlocation;,IELTSREADING,GeneralReadingAcademicReading,AcademicReading,3sections,around40questions,60minutes1500-2500wordsforthewholereadingtestTopicsofthetestsarechosefromdifferentjournals,magazines,textbook,newspapers.IELTSReadingincludingaround14kindsofquestions,canbedividedinto4groups.,QuestionType,MultipleChoiceQuestions-ListofHeadings-Matching-Summary-MultipleChoiceTrueorFalseQuestions-True/False/NotGiven,QuestionType,FillintheBlanks-Summary-Completethesentences-Shortanswerquestions-PicturefillingOthers,IELTSREADING,IELTSREADINGcanbeclassifiedasthefollowingsaccordingtoitsIntrinsicattributes:Gist/Detail(主旨考察/细节考察)In/Outoforder(有序考察/乱序考察)Global/Local(全文考察/局部考察),ImportantWordsinIELTSREADING,KeywordsLocatingwordsExampointwords,KeyWords,QUESTIONSNetworkingisnotamodernidea.Peoplefallintotwobasiccategories.Allteachersarecynics.ThefirstpieceofHessesarthaslittleeffectonvisitorstothegallery.TheNewForesthasalreadybeenmakeintoaNationalPark.,KeyWords,Answer1.not2.two3.all4.little/first5.already,KeyWords,Keywordscanhelptheexaminerprocessbigamountofinformationintosimpleandeasyunderstandinformation.Thelocatingwordsarekeywordsbutnotallthekeywordsarelocatingwords.,KeyWords,Ifthewordsappearinthetextseveraltimes,thosewordsarenotkeywords.Becauseofitsoutstandingcharacteristics(特殊性和细节性),keywordsarethewordsappearinthetextunderfrequency.文章中多次出现的语汇不是关键词。越细节越特殊的词，在文章中出现的频率越低，一旦找到，它旁边的信息很可能就是考点了。,KeyWords,Keywordincludes?1.主题词句子要描述的对象，会在文中多次出现2.定位词出现次数少而且特殊的词,KeyWords,ExampleAndthefuture-Ifwearetobelievetheforecasts,itispredictedthattwothirdsoftheworldpopulationwillbewithoutfreshwaterby2025.Butforagrowingnumberofregionsoftheworldthefutureifalreadywithus.Whilesomeareasaredevastatedbyflooding,scarcityofwaterinmanyotherplacesiscausingconflict.ThestateofTexasintheUnitedStatesofAmericaissufferingashortageofwaterwiththeRioGrandefallingtoreachtheGulfofMexicoforthefirsttimein50yearsinthespringof2000,pittingregionagainstregionastheyvieforwatersources.Withmanypartsofthegloberunningdrythroughdroughtandincreasedwaterconsumption,thereisnowtalkofwaterbeingthenewoil.,DifferentClassificationsofKeyWords,Keywordscanbedividedintofourgroupsaccordingtotheirrelationship:Causality表因果;Adversativerelation表转折;Comparison表比较;Coordinativerelation表并列,DifferentClassificationsofKeyWords,Keywordscanbedividedintofourtypesaccordingtothenatureofthewords:Determiner(adj./adv.)限定词;Numerals(figures,quantities,proportions)数字词;Negativewords(anykindsofnegatives)否定词;comparatives(anykindsofcomparisonandcontrast)比较词,KeyWords,Otherimportantkeywords:Modals:e.g.must,should,haveto(varyingdegreesofobligationorcertainty)表示不同程度的义务和确定性Adverbsoffrequency:e.g.sometimes,always;频率副词,LocatingWords,PrinciplesoflocatingwordsIfthewordsappearedinthetextconstantlyrepeated,itisnotthelocatingwords;Thereshouldntbetoomuchlocatingwords;Betterthelocatingwordsinthetextandquestionsarethesame;ifchangeshappens,betteritiseasilyidentified.,LocatingWords,TypesoflocatingwordsEasilyIdentifiedLocatingWords/特殊定位词NotEasilyIdentifiedLocatingWords/普通定位词,EasilyIdentifiedLocatingWords,1.NumbersExample1Questions:The1990surveyrelatedto550.000consultationswithalternativetherapists.Text:The550,000consultationswithalternativetherapistsreportedinthe1990survey.,EasilyIdentifiedLocatingWords,2.DifferentkindsofProperNouns(inCapitalLetter)Example2Question:OpponentsofsmokingfinancedtheUCSFstudyText:AmorerecentstudybyresearchersandtheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanFrancisco(UCSF)hasshownthat,EasilyIdentifiedLocatingWords,3.TechnicalTermsExample3Question：madeusingalesspoisonoustypeofphosphorusText:weresafebecausetheredphosphoruswasnon-toxic,EasilyIdentifiedLocatingWords,4.SpecialPrintExample4Question:Ithasbeensuggestedthatchildrenholdmistakenviewsaboutthepuresciencethattheystudyatschool.Text:Manystudieshaveshownthatchildrenharbormisconceptionaboutpure,curriculumscience,LocatingWords,BasicCharacteristicsoftheLocatingWordsEye-catching最与众不同、最显眼的词（具有代表性）AvoidRepetition不是重复出现的词（出现频率不高）AvoidParaphrasing最不容易被替换掉的词,LocatingWords,Note特殊印刷体（大写、粗体、斜体、下划线等）、数字（年代、百分数）、含特殊符号的词（连字符、引号）、名词、副词及副词短语（时间、程度、范围、频率、顺序），都可以直接做LocatingWords。,LocatingWords,2.在同一个题目里，同样的词只能做一次定位词，第二次出现的时间必须要换词。3.实在不好找定位词时，宁愿选名词也不要选动词。（Why?）名词的变化形式和同义词相对于其他词性的词来说是比较少的，比较适合作定位词。,ParaphraseCapability,Paraphrasecapability:restatementofaparagraph,sentence,orwordReplaceaPhrasewithaWord(orwordwithaPhrase)单词词组转换StarttheSentenceDifferently句型结构转换ReplaceaWordwithaSynonym同义词转换ChangePassiveintoActiveVoice/NegativeSlanttoPositive主动被动转换、否定肯定转换,Exampointwords,Theerror-pronepointsarecalledexampointwords(themainpoints)容易出错的地方称为考点词；Normallyarethemainpartofthesentence,andarepredicatesection（谓语部分）;,Exampointwords,Canbeclassifiedas:-Antonymy（反义考点词）-Numerical(数字数量考点词)-Determiners,e.g.all,must,every,most,etc.(绝对考点词)-Comparison，e.g.AisthanB/AisasasB（比较考点词）,Antonymy,Normallyareadj./adv.,sometimesareverbs.Example5Original:Hurricaneshavewindsofatleast74milesperhour.Question:Hurricanesarewindswiththespeedofupto74milesperhour.Answer:False,Numerical,Thenumericalcannotappearseparately,italwaysappearwithotherwords.(数字考点不是单独存在的，往往要和起修饰的名词合在一起构成考点词的）。Example6Original：The550,000consultationswithalternativetherapies(Cambridge4Test2,Q18)Question:The1990surveyrelatedto550,000consultationswithalternativetherapies.Answer:TRUE/YES,Comparison,Example7Original1:Moregirls(70%)thanboys(60%)raisedtheideaofrainforestasanimalhabitats.Original2:Moregirls(13%)thanboys(5%)saidthatrainforestsprovidedhumanhabitats.Question:Girlsaremorelikelythanboystoholdmistakenviewsabouttherainforestsdestruction.Answer:NOTGIVEN,Determiner,All,must,everyetc.Example8Original：Thelackofabilityofsomeculturestodealwithlargenumbersisnotreallysurprising.(Cambridge5test2Q35)Question:Allcultureshavebeenabletoexpresslargenumbersclearly.Answer:FALSE/NO,MethodsofdoingIELTSREADING,Skimming略读Purposeofskimmingistounderstandthegist,thegeneralideaofthetext;e.g.ListofheadingScanning扫读Purposeofscanningistolookforaspecificpieceofinformationorspecificwords.,MethodsofdoingIELTSREADING,Readingintensively精读文章的某些段落Anynewwordstoyou?GrammarInduction,HowtodotheIELTSREADINGfaster?,STEP1Lookatthetitleofthepassage,andnoticewhetherithasanysubtitlesornot.STEP2Befamiliarwiththestructureofthearticleandnoticewhetherithasanyheadingsorsubheadings,HowtodotheIELTSREADINGfaster?,SEPT3Basedonthewordlocatingandlanguageprocessing，allquestionscanbedividedintoFOURGROUPSaccordingtotheirdegreeofdifficulty.Dotheeasyquestionsfirst.,FourGroupsofQuestions,GROUPONE定位易+语言易Matching(非)明显特征物品+特点描述配对人名机构名配对Note:文中的这些人名机构名可能出现多次，凡是出现的地方都要看因果配对：effectsandcausesNote:Thosequestionsnormallyfollowtheprincipleoforder(遵循顺序原则),FourGroupsofQuestions,2.归类题（Classifying）3.表格题（Diagramquestions）Note:2and3bothfollowtheorderprinciple.4.图文关系题Sometimesarefill-in-blankquestions,sometimesarematchingquestions.,FourGroupsofQuestions,GROUPTWO定位易+语言难TrueFalseNotGiven(Easylocating;orderprinciple)Summary(概括摘要题)andCompletethesentences(