高考英语二轮复习语法之虚拟语气整理

英语二轮复习专题八虚拟语气,语气的定义和种类l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：Wearenotready.我们没准备好。Whatafinedayitis!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气:表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如:Openthedoor,please。请打开门。(3)虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。,虚拟语气1.在条件句中的用法2.在名词性从句中的用法3.在其他句型中的用法,1.在条件句中的用法,did/were,would/could/should/might+do,haddone,would/could/should/might+have+done,1.did2.should+do3.weretodo,would/could/should/might+do,Examples:让学生先口头造句IfIwereyou,Iwouldfollowhisadvice.(现在)IfIhadfollowedhisadvice,Iwouldhavefinishedit.(过去)Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeet.(将来),注意：if的省略1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldfollowhisadvice.WereIyou,Iwouldfollowhisadvice.2.IfIhadfollowedhisadvice,Iwouldhavefinisheditnow.HadIfollowedhisadvice,3.Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeet.Shoulditraintomorrow,/Wereittoraintomorrow,如果条件句中有_,_,_等助动词，可将if省略，而把这些词置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。,were,had,should,注意：混合虚拟语气1.不同时间的虚拟主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同。从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反Ifyou_(ask)himyesterday,you_(know)whattodonow.,hadasked,wouldknow,2.虚拟与陈述的混合I_(go)tovisithiminthehospital_it_atallpossible,butI_(be)fullyoccupiedthewholeofthelastweek.,wouldhavegone,hadbeen,was,1.1)_air,therewouldbenolivingthings.2)_yourhelp,Icouldnthavedoneit.,(Iftherewerenoair),(Ifithadntbeenforyourhelp),注意：含蓄虚拟语气,Without,Butfor,用介词或介词短语_,_,_,_等表示含蓄虚拟。,butfor,without,with,incaseof,2.1)I_(be)illthatday._Iwouldhavetakenpartintheparade.2)ItoldSallyhowtogetthere,_perhapsIshouldhavewrittenitdownforher.,注意：含蓄虚拟语气,用_,_,_等表示含蓄虚拟。,but,otherwise,unfortunately,was,Otherwise,but,3._(give)morethan0twohours,we_(do)theworkbetter.2)_(notfinish)thework,hecouldnthaveseenthisfilm.,注意：含蓄虚拟语气,用分词短语和独立结构引导表示含蓄虚拟。,Nothavingfinished,Given,Ifwehadbeengiven,Ifhehadnotfinished,couldhavedone,2.在名词性从句中的用法,2）虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法,1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,3）虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法,1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,Tomsuggestedthatwe_(go)toworkinthesouth.,(should)go,1.用于表示建议，命令，要求，愿望等词后一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propos（recommend）4.demand,require,request,desire,注意：如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。Hisfacesuggestedthathewasill.Heinsistedthathewasright.,2.在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。,wish,现在：过去：将来：,did（were）,haddone,would/could/mightdo,翻译：我希望和你一样聪明。我希望我没有犯过这样的错误。我希望爸爸妈妈不会惩罚我们。,翻译：我希望和你一样聪明。IwishIwereascleverasyou.2.我希望我没有犯过这样的错误。IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.3.我希望爸爸妈妈不会惩罚我们。Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.,3.wouldratherthat,现在：过去：将来：,did/were,did/were,haddone,Makesentences,2）虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法,It+be+necessary/strange/natural/important/apity/ashame+sb.(should)do,It+be+suggested/ordered/recommended/requested/required/desired/insisted/proposed+thatsb.(should)do,3）虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法,Eg.MyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.Therequestthattheyshouldgetmoreisreasonable.,suggestion,proposal,order,request,advice,demand,总结：suggest,recommend,advise,propose,order,command,request,require,demand,desire,insistSb.suggestthatsb.shoulddosth.Itissuggestedthatsb.shoulddosth.Mysuggestionisthatsb.shoulddosth.eg.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,3.在其他句型中的用法,1）asif/asthough,Helooksasifhewereanartist.ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshehadstudiedinAmerica.HelearnsEnglishsohardasif/thoughhewouldgototheUSA.,从句谓语与主句谓语表达的动作同时发生（did/were）,从句谓语先于主句谓语表达的动作（haddone）,从句谓语后于主句谓语表达的动作（woulddo）,2).Its(about/high)timethatsb.,shoulddo,did/were,你该走了。,Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,3)ifonly,现在：过去：将来：,did（were）,haddone,would/could/mightdo,4).某些简单句的固定句型：Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!,1.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall,随堂练习,3.Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnot_fromwork,Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog.A.beingtiredB.tiringC.tiredD.tobetired,4Shallwehaveourpicnictomorrow?_itdoesntrain.A.UntilB.WhileC.OnceD.If,5.Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?I_,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did,6.Iftherewerenosubjunctive,English_mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe,7.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody_therules.A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey,8.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_quitedifferenttoday.A.i