高考英语专题总结：完形填空解题方略

完形填空解题方略,巧用暗示性词语(cluewords),完形填空试题命题策略,完形填空是考查学生在语境中选择恰当的语词完成语篇表达的能力，具体包括语篇理解能力以及在具体语境中准确运用语词的能力,考点,完形填空考查的语篇层面的语词运用能力。语篇理解：70%语句理解：30%。考点应该覆盖考纲所规定的考点，实义词占80%，虚词一般只占20%。,难、易度,通过本句-易通过本句与上句下句理解-中通过整篇理解-难提示性语句离试题本句越远，难度越大。也应设计少量根据生活常识等图式才能判断选择答案的试题。,知识目标：了解句子、段落、篇章中衔接与连贯语义场的暗示性词语(cluewords)及其显性暗示和隐性暗示的七种手段。掌握完形填空中运用显性暗示和隐性暗示的解题技巧，并利用其解题。,GuessthemissingwordsinthesongImaNewSoul.,Brainstorming,ImaNewSoulIma_soulIcametothisstrangeworldhopingIcouldlearnabitabouthowtogiveand_.ButsinceIcameherefeltthejoyandthe_findingmyselfmakingeverypossible_la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la.Ima_soulinthisverystrangeworldhopingIcouldlearnabitaboutwhatistrueand_.Butwhyallthishatetrytocommunicatefindingtrustandloveisnotalwayseasytomake.la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la.,_,New,_,_,_,_,_,new,take,fear,mistake,young,faith,Whatisaclueword?,Aclueword(暗示词)isawordthatislinkedtotheanswer,soitisveryusefulinacloze.Accordingtothecluewords,youllfinditmucheasiertodoacloze.,Acluewordcanbefoundeither_or_theblanks.,before,after,Thepositionofaclueword?,Mr.Brownisateacher,heworksintheschool.2)KFCstaffnotonlyworkintheday,butalsoworkduringthenight.3)Itissourgentthathehasnotimetoexplainmore.4)Lindaslippedandfelldownthestairsbecausethefloorwaswet.5)Timeisveryvaluable.Wemusttreasureourtime.,20,19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,1)Mr.Brownisateacher,heworksinthe_.2)KFCstaffnotonlyworkintheday,butalsoworkduringthe_.3)Itissourgentthathehas_timetoexplainmore.4)Linda_andfelldownthestairsbecausethefloorwaswet.5)Timeisveryvaluable.Wemust_ourtime.,school,night,no,slipped,treasure,HiddenClues隐性暗示,ClueWords提示词,Intermsoftherelationshipbetweenthecluewordsandthekeys,ObviousClues显性暗示,1)第一种显性暗示手段:同词暗示（同源词）有时为了表达的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出现，可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。如：Wouldntitbegreatifwedidnthavetorememberpasswordseveragain?Ifwecouldjustsitinfrontofourcomputersandbe21(automatically)loggedin?CravementionshowNECSoftBiodeLogonsystemusesfacerecognitiontechnologytologyouontoWindows,ratherthanusinga22.（NMET2007广东）22.A.faceB.passwordC.softwareD.system,_,2)第二种显性暗示手段：同义词、近义词暗示原文表达中，可借助意思相同或相近的词，有时则是用解释性的语言来连接上下文的语义。如：Oneofthemostpopulartrendstodayisforfamiliesandgroupstogowithathemewhenchoosingtheircostumes.Forexample,costumesmightbe_4_onthebasisofafavoritemovie,fairytale,orsomeotherconnectingtheme.4.A.purchasedB.selectedC.gainedD.rewarded,_,3)第三种显性暗示手段：反义词暗示语意的连贯有时通过对比的结构采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释。应注意分析这类概念复现，从反义的角度判断正确的选项。,(NMET-2007-全国II)WearrivedinSpainforthefirsttimeafewweeksago.Idecidedto21acarbecausewehadsoldtheonewehadinEnglandbefore22home.21.A.borrowB.driveC.buyD.choose22.A.leavingB.makingC.returningD.getting,_,_,4)第四种显性暗示手段：上下义词暗示上下义词是指词的总结和分解关系,上义词是总称词,下义词是其包含的个体或种类。,Hetaughtherhowtorelyonother_,specificallyherhearing.(NMET2010湖北)A.feelingsB.organsC.skillsD.senses,_,上义词sports_renewableenergy_,下义词badminton,running,footballrice,noodles,bread_table,sofa,bed,WhenIturnedfourteen,sheboughtmeasecondhand_andtoldmethatIcouldbecomeawriter.(NMET2010江苏)A.cameraB.radioC.bicycleD.typewriter,5)第一种隐性暗示：同一话题（场景）暗示某些词汇或表达是围绕同一个话题或同一个场景展开的。,_,(NMET-2007全国II)Ihadtriedoutamodellikeit(bicycle)before,butasIwasnotyet24drivinginthiscity,mywifedidnotwantmetocollectit25sowewenttogetherto26it.24.A.sureofB.satisfiedwithC.interestedinD.usedto25.A.onmyownB.rightawayC.inahurryD.ontheway26.A.receiveB.bringC.orderD.fetch,6)第二种隐性暗示：因果暗示在同一个句子或段落中，有时前后的词语之间存在必然的因果关系。,_,_,_,7)第三种隐性暗示：搭配暗示形容词和名词之间、动词和副词之间、动词和宾语存在的搭配关系。,(2011新课标全国卷)And(theprofessor)wentonsaying,“Youhavejust41animportantlessonaboutscience.Thatis:Never42yourownsenses.”41.AlearnedB.preparedC.taughtD.taken42.AloseB.trustC.sharpenD.show,_,ObviousClues显性暗示,HiddenClues隐性暗示,Intermsoftherelationshipbetweenthecluewordsandtheblanks,同词（同源词）同义词、近义词3.反义词4.上下义词,ClueWords提示词,同一话题（场景）2.因果3.搭配,LetsapplyourskillsoffindingcluewordstodotheclozetestsinNMET2010&2011Guangdong.,NMET2010GuangdongCloze(完形填空),Twokeywords:_,(cultural)differences,doors,Controlled-practice21、22、23同词（同源词）暗示；24、25反义暗示Everycountryhasitsownculture.Eventhougheachcountryusesdoors,doorsmayhave21functionsandpurposeswhichleadto22differences.WhenIfirstcametoAmerica,Inoticedthatapublicbuildinghadtwodifferent23andtheyhaddistinctfunctions.Youhavetopushthedoorwiththeword“PUSH”togooutofthebuildingandtopullthedoorwiththeword“PULL”to24thebuilding.Thiswasnewtome,becauseweusethe25doorinSouthKorea.ForquiteafewtimesIfailedtogooutofashoppingcentreandwasembarrassed.A.differentB.importantC.practicalD.unusual22.A.nationalB.embarrassingC.culturalD.amazing23.A.exitsB.entrancesC.signsD.doors24.A.enterB.leaveC.openD.close25.A.mainB.sameC.frontD.back,door,door,gooutof,different,_,_,_,doors,door,doors,Half-controlledpractice:因果暗示2题；近义词暗示1题；同词（同源词）暗示1题、反义词暗示1题。Thewayofusingschoolbusdoorswasalso26tome.Iusedtotaketheschoolbustoclasses.Theschooldecidedthatwhenthedriveropenedboththefrontandbackdoors,27whoweregettingoffthebusshouldgetofffirst,andstudentswhoweregettingonshouldgeton28.InSouthKorea,wedonotneedtowaitforpeopletogetoff.Onemorning,Ihurriedtothebus,andwhenthebusdoorsopened,I29triedtogetontheschoolbusthroughthefrontdoor.Allthestudentsaroundlookedatme,Iwastotally30,andmyfacewentred.（NMET2010广东）26.A.annoyingB.hardC.satisfyingD.strange27.A.parentsB.studentsC.teachersD.drivers28.A.soonerB.laterC.fasterD.earlier29.A.politelyB.patientlyC.unconsciouslyD.slowly30.A.embarrassedB.annoyedC.unsatisfiedD.excited,与上一段首句“new”近义暗示,students,_,_,_,_,同词（同源词）暗示,反义暗示,因果暗示,因果暗示,NMET2011GuangdongCloze(完形填空),Twokeyphrases:_,specialclasses,giftedchildren,Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.The1hasbeenonthebeliefthatinregularclassesthesechildrenareheldbackintheirintellectual(智力的)growthby2situationthataredesignedforthe3children.Therecanbelittledoubtthat4classescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesooner.However,totakethese5outoftheregularclassesmaycreateseriousproblems.A.principleB.theoryC.argumentsD.classificationA.designingB.groupingC.learningD.livingA.smartB.curiousC.matureD.averageA.regularB.specialC.smallD.creativeA.childrenB.programsC.graduatesD.designs,FreePracticeNMET2011GuangdongClozeTest,argued,children,classes,intellectual,_,children,_,_,_,these,However,gifted,同词（同源词）暗示,同一话题暗示,同一话题（场景）暗示,反义暗示,反义暗示,因果暗示,_,_,However,totakethese5outoftheregularclassesmaycreateseriousproblems.Iobservedanumberof6childrenwhoweretakenoutofaspecialclassandplacedina7class.Inthespecialclass,theyshowedlittleabilitytousetheirownjudgment,relying8ontheirteachersdirections.Intheregularclass,havingnoworryaboutkeepingup,theybegantoreflect9onmanyproblems,someofwhichwerenotontheschoolprogram.5.A.childrenB.programsC.graduatesD.designs6.A.intelligentB.competentC.ordinaryD.independent7.A.separateB.regularC.newD.boring8.A.speciallyB.slightlyC.wronglyD.heavily9.A.directlyB.cleverlyC.voluntarilyD.quickly,_,_,_,反义暗示,与gifted近义暗示,giftedchildren,_,因果暗示,反义暗示,因果暗示,Manyareconcernedthatgiftedchildrenbecome10andloseinterestinlearning.Howeverthis11ismoreoftenfromparentsandteachersthanfromstudents,andsomeofthese12simplyconcludethatspecialclassesshouldbesetupforthosewhoare13.Sometopstudentsdofeelboredinclass,butwhythey14sogoesfarbeyondtheworktheyhaveinschool.Studieshaveshownthattobeboredistobeanxious.Thegiftedchild