2020-2021学年高中英语 Unit 3 Science and nature Section Ⅵ Language points （Ⅲ） （Project）学案 牛津译林版必修5

section language points （） （project）.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。1this poses(引起)a threat to agriculture(农业)and the food chain，and consequently to human health.2they own 200 acres(英亩) of farmland.3insert(插入) our fingers between the layers and press them apart.4first，they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests(害虫) as well as the harmful ones.5who was responsible for the disappearance of the rainforest(雨林)?6since i moved to london last year，i have been working in an allnight fastfood chain7the captain sailed his ship through the narrow channel.8besides，we are just students，and we have no incomes of our own.9two of historys worst natural catastrophes occurred in 1970.10china is a country rich in natural resources.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。1agriculture n农业agricultural adj.农业的2favour n赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒favourable adj.有利的，有帮助的，赞同的3frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐frightened adj.害怕的frightening adj.令人害怕的4profit n利润，利益 vi.& vt.获益；对有用profitable adj. 有益的，有用的；有利可图的5permit v许可 n许可证permission n准许，许可，批准n.envt.n./v.ableadj.threatthreaten 威胁strengthstrengthen 加强lengthlengthen 延长believebelievable 可信的breakbreakable 易碎的comfortcomfortable 舒适的.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语。1in favour of赞同，支持2point of view 观点3meet ones needs 满足某人的需求4at a fast pace 以很快的速度5be good for 对有益6be blamed for 因而受责备7defend.against. 保护免受.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空。1china is rapidly developing at a fast pace2early to bed and early to rise is good for health.3most people present are in favour of the project and few are against it.4he was blamed for his failure in the final exam by his parents.5the plan is totally unpractical from my point of viewprep.n.prep.介词短语对比、记忆in favour of赞同，支持in honour of纪念in need of需要in charge of掌管protect.against/from.保护免受defend.against/from.防卫免受prevent.from(doing).阻止(做)某事stop.from(doing).阻止(做)某事1not everything that is best for nature is good for people.并非一切对自然最好的对人类也是好的。记句式结构not everything表示部分否定。仿写促落实the protection of our environment is not everything to be left to the government.保护我们的环境的事情并不能全部都留给政府。2.many developed nations are now concerned about saving nature rather than developing or destroying it.许多发达国家现在关注拯救自然而不是开发或破坏自然。记句式结构rather than连接两个并列成分或用于固定搭配中，意为“而不是，而不愿”。仿写促落实they are focusing on providing the services rather than doing research他们的重点在于提供服务而不是进行研究。3.make sure that people enjoy healthy and happy lives，without the environment around them suffering.确保人们能享有健康、幸福的生活，同时又不损害其周边的环境。记句式结构“without宾语宾补”属于介词的复合结构，表示某种附加的条件、特征或结果。仿写促落实they debated for hours without a decision being made他们争论了几个小时，也没作出决定。4nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified(gm)food.转基因食品就是最好的例子。记句式结构(1)nowhere是否定副词，放在句首时引起部分倒装。(2)否定副词与比较级连用表示最高级的肯定意义。仿写促落实nowhere is the effect of government policy more apparent than in agriculture.政府的政策对农业的影响最为显著。 in favour of赞同，支持(教材p58)would anyone say that development should be stopped in favour of nature?难道我们为了保护自然就应该停止经济发展吗？in sb.s favour对某人有利do sb.a favour/do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙do sb.the favour to do sth. 帮忙做某事ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙the decision went in his favour，which delighted him.这一决定对他有利，这使他很高兴。will you do me the favour to close (close)the window?你能帮忙把窗子关上吗？may i ask a favour of you?能不能请你帮个忙？名师点津in favour of是由“介词in名词介词of”构成的短语，此类常用短语还有：in control of 控制in praise of 表扬，赞赏in place of 代替，取代 in memory of 为了纪念in search of 寻找 in support of 支持in terms of 至于，就而言 point of view观点(教材p58)from the point of view of some people，we are only doing what humans have always done，using nature to meet our own needs.根据有些人的观点，我们只是在做人类一直在做的事情利用自然满足我们自己的需求。from my point of view，the theory that was put forward by the scientist is not quite scientific.依我看，那位科学家提出的理论不是十分科学。in view of the weather，we will cancel the outing.因天气关系，我们要取消此次郊游。in my view and in the view of most people，its a very sound investment.照我和大多数人的看法，这是很可靠的投资。but now，many young people view it as a fashion item.可如今，许多年轻人把它视为一种时尚单品。联想助记表示“就某人来看，某人认为”的短语还有：as for/to sb.in ones opinionas far as sb.be concernedfrom ones standpoint frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐(教材p59)while many people are excited about these new technologies，these same technologies frighten others.尽管许多人因这些新技术而兴奋不已，这些同样的技术也使其他人恐惧。(1)frighten o/out of doing sth.恐吓某人做/不做某事frighten away/off 吓跑(2)fright n. 恐怖；惊吓(3)frightening adj. 令人害怕的；吓人的；可怕的(4)frightened adj. 受惊的；害怕的be frightened of(doing) sth. 害怕(做)be too frightened to do sth.吓得不敢做某事i will never be frightened into staying silent on this matter.在这种事情上，我永远不会被吓得保持沉默。she was frightened by the anger in his eyes.她被他眼中的怒火吓住了。i was frightened (frighten)of being left alone in the house.我害怕一个人待在屋里。seeing the frightening scene，the girl was so frightened that she cried with fright(fright)看到这可怕的一幕，女孩非常害怕，以至于吓哭了。 profit n利润，收益vi.& vt.获益；对有用(教材p59)research has been limited to increasing production profits，rather than making sure that gm foods are safe.目前的研究只局限于增加生产利润，而不是确保转基因食品的安全。(1)make a profit(on.)(在上)获利/赚钱make/earn a profit of. 获取利润gain a lot of profit from. 从上受益匪浅(2)profit from/by. 从中获利/受益(3)profitable adj. 有益的，有用的；有利可图的in recent years many football clubs have been run as business to make a profit.近年来，很多足球俱乐部都进行商业运行，以谋求利润。we gained a lot of profit from your advice.我们从你的建议中受益匪浅。we profit from the work of the specialist.我们从专家的工作中得到益处。it can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about bad tables，”given that theyre profitable(profit) 可以得出这样的结论：只要有利于盈利，餐馆经营者不会“过度担心位置不好的桌子 ”。名师点津profit意为“利润，收益”时，是可数名词；意为“益处，得益”时，是不可数名词。 permission n准许，许可，批准(教材p59)since no one really knows whether gm food is safe，many countries have hesitated to give permission for the production of gm foods，as they would rather be cautious with this new technology.由于没有人确切地知道转基因食品是否安全，许多国家在是否允许生产转基因食品问题上犹豫不决，他们宁愿对这项新技术持谨慎的态度。(1)without permission未经允许(2)permit vt. 允许 n. 许可证permit doing sth. 允许做某事permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事permit of sth. 认可，容忍the california department of motor vehicles began giving permits in april for companies to test truly selfdriving cars on public roads.加州机动车管理局将于4月份开始发放许可证，允许公司在公共道路上测试真正无人驾驶的汽车。the situation does not permit of any delay.情势刻不容缓。we are permitted to have(have) a picnic by our parents.父母允许我们去野餐。they entered the area without permission(permit)他们未经许可擅入该地。 (教材p58)not everything that is best for nature is good for people.并非一切对自然最好的对人类也是好的。 要点提炼not everything表示部分否定。(1)英语中all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，complete，completely，always，whole，wholly，entirely，altogether等具有总括意义的代词、形容词或副词与否定词not连用时，构成部分否定，表示“不都，并非都”的意思。(2)none，nobody，no one，neither，nothing，nowhere等表示全部否定。i cant catch everything in the book.我不能完全掌握手中的内容。not all of us are busy today.今天我们并非都忙。all is not gold that glitters.(谚语)不是所有会发光的东西都是金子。neither of the sisters is/are here.两姐妹都不在这里。 (教材p58)after decades of destroying nature and using up natural resources，many developed nations are now concerned about saving nature rather than developing or destroying it.在数十年破坏自然、过度消耗自然资源之后，许多发达国家现在关注拯救自然而不是开发或破坏自然。 要点提炼rather than意为“而不是，而没有”，后可接名词、代词、动名词、形容词、动词原形、介词短语等。he came to china for promoting friendship rather than for making money.他来中国是为了增进友谊，而不是为了赚钱。he would rather beg in the streets than get money in such a dishonest way.他宁愿在街上乞讨，也不愿以这种不正当手段赚钱。rather than stay here，i prefer to leave.我宁愿离开而不是待在这里。their mother rather than they is/was(be) to blame for the incident.这件事应该由他们的母亲而不是他们负责。 (教材p59)nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (gm) food.转基因食品就是最好的例子。要点提炼本句是倒装句，其中nowhere.truer than.为否定副词与比较级连用表示最高级的意义。(1)否定词或短语放在句首时构成部分倒装。常见的这类词语有：not，no，nowhere，never，seldom，not until，no sooner.than等。(2)比较级表示最高级意义的常见形式比较级than 比较级与否定词连用i like nothing better than swimming.我最喜欢游泳。julia is taller than in her class.朱丽叶是她班上最高的。no one in my class works harder(hard) than jack.我们班没有人比杰克更用功。no sooner(soon) had we reached the station than the train left.我们刚到车站，火车就开走了。1other people argue that such thinking may cause a catastrophe，unless we start to look around and understand how a clean environment benefits us all.分析该句为主从复合句，that引导的是宾语从句，unless引导条件状语从句，句尾how引导宾语从句，作understand的宾语。翻译其他人则争辩说，这样的思维也许会招致灾难，除非我们开始环顾四周并理解清洁的环境能够让我们所有人受益。2since no one really knows whether gm food is safe，many countries have hesitated to give permission for the production of gm foods，as they would rather be cautious with this new technology.分析该句为主从复合句，since与as在句中均引导原因状语从句；since引导的从句中含有一个whether引导的宾语从句。翻译由于没有人确切地知道转基因食品是否安全，许多国家在是否允许生产转基因食品问题上犹豫不决，他们宁愿对这项新技术持谨慎的态度。.单句语法填空1i am tired.perhaps we should have a break.good idea.i am in favour of stopping work now.2they needed more troops to defend the borderagainst possible attack.3it made our headteacher angry that wang lin，without the permission(permit)from the school，was absent from class for a week.4although we sank all our money into the firm，it still failed to make a profit.5none of the students are/is(be) in favor of the plan.6john prefers to stay at home rather than go(go)out for shopping.7a sudden stop can be a very frightening(frighten) experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed.8the boss said he was unable to meet their(they) needs if they asked for so high wages.9i have never spent a more worrying(worry) day.10from my point of view，human beings shouldnt develop an emotional relationship with robots.完成句子1是你而不是我要去野营。you rather than i are going to go camping.(rather than)2哪儿你都不会找到比这更好的玫瑰了。nowhere will you find better roses than these.(“否定词比较级”结构)3这儿并不是所有东西都能找到。not everything can be found here.(not everything)4别动，不然你会把兔子吓跑的。keep still，or youll frighten the rabbit away/off(frighten)5在有些人看来，我们应该过低碳生活。from the point of view of some people，we should live a lowcarbon life.(point of view).读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。one time，the teachers at a school wanted to teach the students about airplanes.while all airplanes can fly，some are able to fly farther than others.this is because not all airplanes are built the same.for example，a fighter plane looks very different from a plane that people fly in when they want to go on a holiday.the teachers wondered how they could make students understand this.then，the science teacher，mr.moose，decided that the school should have a paper airplane contest.the students would produce paper airplane designs.they would stand in line on the playground behind the school.the students would take turns throwing their airplanes.the student whose airplane went the farthest would win.when mr.moose announced the paper airplane contest to the students，they were very excited.a student named paul，who was on the wrestling team，bragged(吹牛) to everyone else that his airplane would win.“i am the strongest，”paul said.“so i will be able to throw my airplane the farthest.”however，while paul was saying this，another student，brian，was thinking how he could win.brian did not play any sports and was not very strong.but he loved airplanes and really wanted to win the contest.brian realized what he had to do.he went to the store and bought a big stack of paper.when he got home，he took the paper into his backyard.he took a piece of paper and folded an airplane.it didnt go very far，so brian took another sheet and folded another airplane and threw it.this airplane went a little farther.brian kept folding different kinds of airplanes and throwing them.some went very far and some did not.finally，when brian had used a