2021版高考英语一轮复习 语法 形容词和副词导学案 新人教版

形容词和副词考点一形容词和副词的基本用法1.形容词的基本用法形容词在句中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。2.副词的基本用法副词在句中可以用作状语(修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、整个句子等)、表语、定语和宾语补足语。3.意义有别的同根副词close接近地closely仔细地free免费地freely自由地hard努力地hardly几乎不late迟,晚lately 近来most极,非常mostly主要地wide充分地widely广泛地high高 highly高度地deep 深deeply深刻地,深沉地he was deeply moved by the moving story.他被这个感人的故事深深地感动了。考点二形容词和副词的比较等级1.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则形式单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词,在原级后加-er,-est构成。如:clevercleverercleverest。其他特殊变化见下表:特殊情况构成方式例词以不发音的e结尾加-r和-stbravebraverbravest以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,再加-er 和-esthappyhappierhappiest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾,再加-er和-esthothotterhottest多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级前加more,most构成。activemore activemost activehappilymore happilymost happily(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthestoldolderelderoldesteldest 以下形容词及其副词无比较级和最高级: relative,absolute,perfect,entire,senior,unique,present,right,wrong等。2.基本用法(1)两者相比,表示“和一样”,用“as+原级+as”表示。he learns as quickly as his classmates.他和他的同学学得一样快。在同级比较中,若同时出现形容词修饰单数可数名词,其语序为:as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as。our neighbor has as big a house as ours.我们的邻居有一套和我们的一样大的房子。(2)两者相比,表示“不如”,用“not asso+原级+as”。unfortunately,my wife isnt so fond of them as i am.不幸的是,我妻子不如我那么喜欢他们。(3)两者相比,表示“比更”,用“比较级+than”;表示“不如”,用“not+比较级+than”。seeking information on the internet is more convenient than searching in a library.在互联网上查找信息比在图书馆查找更方便。this one is not better than that one.这个不如那个好。比较级的修饰语比较级可以被 much,far,still,even,hardly,rather,a bit,a little,a great deal等修饰,用以加强语气。his handwriting is much better than mine.他的书法比我的好多了。3.特殊用法(1)“比较级+and+比较级”表示 “越来越”。in many ways my disability has made me grow more and more independent.在很多方面,我的残疾已经使我变得越来越独立。(2)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,就越”。the more upset i got,the less i was able to concentrate.我越烦就越不能集中精力。(3)“more+原级+than”表示“与其说不如说”。the girl was more frightened than hurt.与其说这个女孩是受了伤,不如说是受到了惊吓。(4)“more than+主语+can+谓语动词”表示“非所能;不能”。the beauty of the city is more than i can describe.这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。(5)形容词比较级前一般不用冠词,但如果出现表示范围的短语时,就需要加定冠词。of the two sisters,mary is the cleverer.这两姐妹中,玛丽更聪明。有时句中的most 不表示最高级,而是相当于very,意为“非常,十分”。此时其前不用the。this is a most interesting story.这是一个很有趣的故事。4.比较级形式表示最高级含义在某个特定范围内,同类事物对比,可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。比较级+than+any other+单数名词比较级+than+the other+复数名词比较级+than+anyone anything else比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词china is the largest country in asia.that is,it is larger than any other country in asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家,即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。5.表示倍数的三个常用句型(1).倍数+as+原级+as.he can run three times as fast as john.他跑得有约翰三倍快。(2).倍数+比较级+than.this table is three times bigger than that one.这张桌子比那张桌子大三倍。(3).倍数+the sizelengthwidthheight,etc.+of.this table is three times the size of that one.这张桌子是那张的三倍大。考点三形容词和副词的词形变化1.常见的形容词后缀形容词后缀意义例词-able-ible可的;能的;应的;有性质的acceptable可接受的available可获得的valuable有价值的reasonable合理的accessible可接近的-al与有关的typical典型的digital数码的cultural文化的environmental环境的-ant-ent是的frequent频繁的convenient方便的efficient效率高的significant有意义的-ar带有属性的regular规则的;有规律的circular环形的;圆的;循环的-ary与有关的ordinary普通的,平常的voluntary自愿的;志愿的-d-ed有的;有特征的limited有限的colored有色的-ful充满的;有性质(或倾向)的successful成功的meaningful有意义的powerful强大的thankful感激的-less无的;没有的endless无尽的aimless无目标的powerless无能为力的-tive有倾向的attractive迷人的effective有效的instructive有教育意义的-y有倾向的;有特性的foggy有雾的greedy贪婪的wealthy富有的healthy健康的-en质地wooden木制的golden金质的2.形容词转换为副词情况变化规则例词一般情况在词尾加-lyimmediateimmediately一些以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词把-y改为-i,再加-lyeasyeasilyangryangrilynoisynoisily以-ble或-le结尾的形容词去e加-ypossiblepossiblycomfortablecomfortably以-ue结尾的形容词去e加-lytruetruly以-l结尾的形容词在词尾加-lyusualusuallycarefulcarefully以-ll结尾的形容词在词尾加-yfullfully1.this is (particular) true in the us.(2020年1月浙江)2.the first is declining birth rates,which means old generations are large compared to younger generations,and so,on average,the population becomes (old) than before.(2020年1月浙江)3.when the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings,car drivers can (easy)see them.(2019年6月浙江)4.(recent),caffeine has found its way into orange,apple,and other flavored drinks.(2018年11月浙江)5.the obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be(afford) but doing this most days adds up.(2018年6月浙江)答案及剖析:1.particularly考查副词。根据句式结构知,此处particularly修饰true,故填副词形式。2.older考查形容词比较级。结合句