完形填空 专题4 说明文型完形填空

专题四说明文型完形填空,专题四说明文型完形填空,专题四专题导读,说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨、句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实体事例说明文(实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品)。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等。二是事理(事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等)说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等。三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。,专题四专题导读,说明文完形填空的具体特点：(1)开头点题。做说明文型完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。(2)结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以跟着“作者”走，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。,专题四真题典例,2010上海卷Thefirstattemptofeventhemosttalentedartists,musicians,andwritersisseldomamasterpiece.Ifyouconsideryourdraftsasdressrehearsals(彩排),ortryouts,revisingwillseemanaturalpartofthewriting_1_.WhatisthepurposeofthedressrehearsalsandtheoutoftownpreviewsthatmanyBroadwayshowsgothrough?Theanswerisadding,deleting,replacing,reordering，_2_revising.AndrewLloydWebbersmusicalPhantomoftheOperaunderwentsuchaprocess.WhenLloydWebberbeganwritingin1984,hehadinmindafunny,excitingproduction.However,whenPhantom,专题四真题典例,openedinLondonin1986,theaudiencesawamovingpsychologicallovestorysettomusic.Themusicalhad_3_severalrevisionsdue,inpart,toproblemswithcostumingandmakeup(戏服和化妆).Forinstance,LloydWebber_4_someofthemusicbecausethePhantomsmakeuppreventedtheactorfromsingingcertainsounds.Whenyourevise,youchangeaspectsofyourworkin_5_toyourevolvingpurpose,ortoinclude_6_ideasornewlydiscoveredinformation.Revisionisnotjustanafterthoughtthatgetsonlyasmuchtimeasyouhaveattheendofanassignment._7_，itisamajorstageofthewritingprocess,andwritersreviseeverystepoftheway.Evenyourdecisionto_8_topics,专题四真题典例,whileprewritingisatypeofrevising.However，dontmakethemistakeofskippingtherevisionstagethatfollows_9_.Alwaysmaketimetobecomeyourown_10_andviewyourdressrehearsal,sotospeak.Reviewingyourworkinthiswaycangiveyou_11_newideas.Revisinginvolves_12_theeffectivenessandappropriatenessofallaspectsofyourwriting,makingyourpurposemoreclearly,andrefocusingordevelopingthefactsandideasyoupresent.Whenyourevise,askyourselfthefollowingquestions,keepinginmindtheaudienceforwhomyouarewriting:Ismymainideaorpurpose_13_throughoutmydraft?DoIeverlose,摩托车驾照考试教练员从业资格考试客运从业资格证考试货运从业资格证考试,最新试题,专题四真题典例,sightofmypurpose?HaveIgivenmyreadersallofthe_14_thatis,facts,opinions,inferencesthattheyneedinordertounderstandmymainidea?Finally,haveIincludedtoomany_15_detailsthatmayconfusereaders?()1.A.techniqueBstyleCprocessDcareer()2.A.inparticularBasaresultCforexampleDinotherwords()3.A.undergoneBskippedCrejectedDreplaced()4.A.rewroteBreleasedCrecordedDreserved()5.A.additionBresponseCoppositionDcontrast()6.A.fixedBambitiousCfamiliarDfresh,专题四真题典例,()7.A.HoweverBMoreoverCInsteadDTherefore()8.A.discussBswitchCexhaustDcover()9.A.draftingBrearrangingCperformingDtraining()10.A.directorBmasterCaudienceDvisitor()11.A.personalBvaluableCbasicDdelicate()12.A.mixingBweakeningCmaintainingDassessing()13.A.amazingBbrightCuniqueDclear()14.A.anglesBevidenceCinformationDhints()15.A.unnecessaryBuninterestingCconcreteDfinal,专题四真题典例,【解析】修改是作品写作过程中非常重要且必需的步骤。文章讲述了作品修改的目的和途径。1C参照下文的“AndrewLloydWebbersmusicalPhantomoftheOperaunderwentsuchaprocess.”和“However，dontmakethemistakeofskippingtherevisionstage”。technique意为“技术”；style意为“风格”；career意为“事业，生涯”，都不符合题意。2D前面adding,deleting,replacing,reordering都是revising的方面，inotherwords意为“换句话说”，符合题意。inparticular意为“尤其，特别”，表强调；asaresult意为“因此”，表结果；forexample意为“例如”，表举例说明；都不符题意。,专题四真题典例,3A人们观看的是完美的表演，但表演之前作品经历了(undergo)多次修改，与上文的“AndrewLloydWebbersmusicalPhantomoftheOperaunderwentsuchaprocess.”对应。skip(跳远)、reject(拒绝，抵制)、replace(取代)都不符合题意。4A动词release(释放，赦免，发行)，record(记录，录音)，reserve(保留，预订)都不符合题意。动词rewrite表示“重写，修改”，与动词revise同义，与本篇话题相关。5B介词短语inadditionto表示“而且，除之外还有”；inoppositionto表示“与的意见相反”；incontrastto表示“与形成对比”，都与本题不符。inresponseto(作为对的反应)在本句表示“你修改作品是对你想改进作品的一种回应”。,专题四真题典例,6Dfreshideas与后面的newlydiscoveredinformation对应。7C副词moreover(而且)类似于butalso，表递进含义；副词however然而，表转折关系；instead作为“替代，反而”，表相反含义；therefore因此，表原因。由语境可知选C。8Bswitchtopics(变换标题)属于修改作品的一部分。动词discuss(讨论)、exhaust(使筋疲力尽)、cover(覆盖，包含)都不符题意。9Arearranging(重新安排)、performing(表演)、training(培训)都与题意不符。由上文可知选drafting，意为“起草，草案”。,专题四真题典例,10C名词audience(观众)与下句viewyourdressrehearsal对应。名词director(导演)、master(主人，大师)、visitor(来访者)都与题意不符。11B形容词valuable表示“做自己作品的观众能给你有价值的新信息”。形容词personal(个人的)、basic(基本的)、delicate(娇贵的、纤弱的、精美的)都与题意不符。12D句意表示“修改包括评价作品所有方面的有效性和适当性”。故选D。13D形容词clear在本句表示“我的文章大意或写作意图是否清晰”，与下文confusereaders对应。形容词amazing(令人惊讶的)、bright(明亮的，聪明的)、unique(独特的)都与题意不符。,专题四真题典例,14Cfacts，opinions，inferences都属于information，故选C。15Aunnecessarydetails表示“不必要的信息”，句意表示不必要的信息反而使读者困惑、误导读者。形容词uninteresting(单调的，乏味的)、concrete(具体的)、final(最终的，决定性的)都与题意不符。,专题四新题预测,(一)Peopledonotanalyseeveryproblemtheymeet.Theyoftenaccepttheopinionsorideasofotherpeople.Othertimestheybegintoactwithout_1_；theytrytofindasolutionbytrialanderror.However,whenallofthesemethods_2_，thepersonwithaproblemhastostartanalysing.Therearesix_3_inanalysingaproblem.First,thepersonmustrecognizethatthereisaproblem.Forexample,Samsbicycleisbroken.Sammust_4_thatthereisaproblemwithhisbicycle.Nextthepersonmust_5_theproblem.BeforeSamcanrepair,专题四新题预测,hisbicycle,hemustknowwhyitdoesnotwork.Hemust_6_thepartsthatarewrong.Nowthepersonmustlookfor_7_thatwillmaketheproblemclearerandleadtopossiblesolutions.SupposeSam_8_thathisbikedoesnotworkbecausethereissomethingwrongwiththebrakes._9_，hecanlookinhisbicyclerepairbookandreadaboutbrakesortalktohisfriendsatthebikeshop.After_10_theproblem,thepersonshouldhaveseveralsuggestionsforapossiblesolution,whichmightbe:tightenorloosenthebrakes;buynewbrakesandchangetheoldones.,专题四新题预测,Intheend,one_11_seemstobethesolutiontotheproblem.Sometimesthefinalideacomesquite_12_becausethethinkersuddenlyseessomethingina_13_way.Samsuddenlyseesthereisapieceofchewinggumstucktoabrake.Heimmediatelyhitsonthesolutiontohisproblem:hemust_14_thebrake.Finallythesolutionis_15_.Samdoesitandfindshisbicycleworksperfectly.Inshorthehassolvedtheproblem.,专题四新题预测,()1.A.practiceBthinkingCunderstandingDhelp()2.A.failBworkCchangeDdevelop()3.A.waysBconditionsCstagesDorders()4.A.explainBproveCshowDsee()5.A.judgeBfindCdescribeDface()6.A.checkBdetermineCcorrectDrecover()7.A.answersBskillsCexplanationDinformation()8.A.hopesBarguesCdecidesDsuggests()9.A.InotherwordsBOnceinawhileCFirstofallDAtthistime()10.A.discussingBsettlingdownCcomparingwithDstudying,专题四新题预测,()11.A.suggestionBconclusionCdecisionDdiscovery()12.A.unexpectedlyBlateCclearlyDoften()13.A.simpleBdifferentCquickDsudden()14.A.cleanBseparateCloosenDremove()15.A.recordedBcompletedCtestedDaccepted,专题四新题预测,【解析】本文是一篇说明文，通过举例说明了解决问题的六大步骤。文章浅显易懂，逻辑性强。1Bwithoutthinking意为“不假思索”。2A从上下句的关系看，它们是转折关系。当这些方法都失败后人们就会开始分析。3C此处stage的意思是“步骤”。分析问题有六个步骤。4D此处see在这句话中意为“明白”。当Sam的自行车不能正常使用时，他应该明白自行车出了毛病。5B要解决问题，当然要找到问题所在。6Bdetermine意为“测定，找出”，与findout意思相同。,专题四新题预测,7D根据下文Sam所做的事情可知，要了解问题的相关信息才能修理，所以选information。8C结合逻辑在修自行车之前，要先“确定”是自行车的哪个部件出了问题。9D当Sam的自行车闸出了问题之后，这时他就可以进一步采取措施了。atthistime意为“这时”；inotherwords意为“换句话说”；onceinawhile意为“偶尔”；firstofall意为“首先”。由句意及上下文可知选D。10D研究了问题后(人们)就可能提出一些解决建议。此处study不仅有“学习”的意思，还有“研究”的意思。11A其中一个建议会解决问题。根据上文可知选A。,专题四新题预测,12A由下文suddenly可知。13B因为想解决问题的人突然发现了一些东西，直接就找到了症结所在，而这种方法与上文所述是不同的。14A去掉口香糖的方法是清理车闸。15C只有经过检验，才能证明解决问题的方法的正确性。,专题四新题预测,(二)HaveyoureadthebookTheWolfTotembyafamouswriterJiangRong,whichtellsthestoryoftherelationshipbetweenwolvesandhumanbeings?Haveyouever_1_thewolvesworld?Ifyouhad,youwouldadmirethewolves.Inthebook,wolvesareheroesonthelargegrassland.Theyknowmoreabout_2_thanhumans.Theycanattacklambswithoutdisturbingtheirmothers.Theyalsoknowhowto_3_fulluseoftheshapeoflandtotrapsheep.Ibelievethatifwolveswerehumans,theywouldbe_4_expertsgoodatfighting.,专题四新题预测,Thewolfisakindofspecialcreaturethatcandeeplyunderstand_5_.Eachwolfservesitsgroupwithitsheartandsoul.A_6_wolfhaslittlepower,butapackofwolvesfearnothing.Allthewolvesobeytherules._7_theyaredefeated,theyrunaway