定语从句讲解与专项练习

定语从句,概念,在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句必须放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关联词（关系代词/关系副词）。如：,关联词,常见的关联词：关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose关系副词：where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。,试一试,将下列句子合并为一句,1.XiaoWanghasfoundthekey.Ilostthekeyyesterday.XiaoWanghasfoundthekeywhich/thatIlostyesterday.2.Whereisthebeautifulpicture?YouboughtitlastSunday.Whereisthebeautifulpicturewhich/thatyouboughtlastSunday.3.Thebridgehasbeenrebuiltnow.Itwasbuiltin1956.Thebridgethat/whichwasbuiltin1956hasbeenrebuiltnow.4.Thebuildingisontheotherendofthestreet.Sheislookingforthebuilding.Thebuildingthat/whichsheislookingforisontheotherendofthestreet.,练一练,1.Thebook_Iboughtyesterdayislost.A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.whom2.Theriver_isinfrontofmyvillageisquiteclean.A.whoB.whatC./D.that3.MountWuyi_liesinthenorthofFujianisfamousforitsmountains.whichB.whatC.whoD.whose4.Thisisthebook_Iwantverymuch.whoB.thisC.itD.that5.Chinaisagreatcountry_hasabout5,000yearsofhistory.A.thatB.whoC.orD.where,A,D,A,D,A,考一考,标出下列句中的定语从句，并将句子译为汉语,1.Bringmethemagazinewhichliesontheshelfinthelivingroom.把客厅里书架上的那本杂志给我拿来。2.Therearesomedesksandchairsinthemeetingroom.Whichneedrepairing.会议室里有一些需要修理的桌椅。3.TherubbishwhichWangDonghascollectedmustbeburnt.王东收集的垃圾必须烧掉。,注意：关系词只能用that的情况：,a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。,注意继续,d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。例如：ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。,注意（二）：关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：,a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that。例如：Whatsthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。例如：Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴,关于非限制性定语从句的分类,根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。(非限制性定语从句高中学，初中不作要求),which/that,(which/that),(who/that),(that/who),巩固练习：填入关系代词that,which,who,1.TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.,Theboywho/thatissmilingisTom.,Thegirlthat/whohasaroundfaceisKate.,Heisthemanwho/thatItoldyouabout.,巩固练习：以划线的句子为定语组成一个定语从句,4.Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.,Theman(who/that)everyonelikesiskind.,Thewoman(whom/that)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.,小测：用适当的关系词填空：,LastnightIsawaverygoodfilm,_wasabouttheyouth.Ilikeplaces_itisquiet.Mybirthdayisatime_Igetlotsofpresents.Themeetingwasputoff,_wasexactlywhatwewanted.Thestudent_youwanttoseehascome.Thegirl_fatherisamartyrstudiesveryhard.,which,where,when,which,who/whom,whose,难点(1)：区分who,whom,whose,1.Theman_talkedtoyoujustnowisaworker.2.Theforeigner_visitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.3.Isawsometrees_leaveswereblack.4.Anurseisaperson_jobistotakecareofthepatientinthehospital.5.Idliketoseetheboy_youtalkedabout.6.Thegirl_wesawyesterdayisJohnssister.,who,who,whose,whose,whom,whom,难点(2):关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略，作主语则不可。,1.Didyoureadthebook_Ilendtoyou?A.whoseB./C.whoD.what2.Didyoureadthebook_waspopularatthemoment.A.thatB./C.whoD.what,B,A,难点(3):介词前置：1、介词前置时不可用that代替。2、词组不可前置,1.Thisisthedictionary_Ipaidtendollars.A.whichB./C.whoD.forwhich2.Isawawomen_Italkedyesterday.A.whoB.whomC.towhomD.whose3.Thisisthefarm_Ionceworked.A.inwhichB.onwhichC.atwhichD.which4.Isthisbook_youare_?A.forwhich,lookingB.forthat,lookingC.which,lookingforD.which,looking,D,C,B,C,难点(4):特殊情况,1.Tomtoldhisfathereverything_hadhappened.A.thatB.whichC.D.what2.Finally,thethiefhandedallmoney_hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.what3.Thisisthelasttime_Illteachyou.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich4.ThefilmIsawafewdaysagoisthebestone_Illeverseen.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.onwhich,A,C,B,C,5.Thereisabook_youhaveread.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who6.Itisabook_isveryinteresting.A.whoB.whichC./D.that7.Whoisthegirl_issingingattheparty.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which8.Theyvisitedtheworkersandfactories_theyhadknownabout.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that,A,D,C,D,难点(5):关系副词where、when和why做地点状语、时间状语和原因状语并可与介词+which转换。,1.Wewillneverforgetthehardtime_weworkedonthefarm.A.whoBwhenCwhereDwhy2.Wehavejustflownoverthemountain_weplantedmanytreeslastyear.A.whoBwhenCwhereDwhy3.Leaveyourshoes_theyare.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.what4.Thereason_shedidntcometothepartyisherbadcough.A.whoB.whenC.whereDwhy,C,C,B,D,定语从句专项练习题初中中考衔接,1.Donttalkaboutsuchthingsof_youarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.those,2.Isthisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone,3.Ihaveboughtthesamedress_sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what,4.Weretalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that,5.Anyone_thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst,A,B,A,D,C,6.Canyoulendmethenovel_theotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout,7.Isthereanything_toyou