广东省深圳市高级中学2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）

广东省深圳市高级中学2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）本试卷共9页。全卷满分135分：卷85分、卷35分、卷15分。考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1、答题前，考生将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。2、答客观题时，每小题选出答案后，用2b铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上。3、答主观题时，使用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡指定区域书写，要求字体工整，笔迹清晰。4、考试结束，监考人员将答题卡按座位号、页码顺序收回。卷(85分)第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。abus tours in washington dcthe blossoms tour in washington dcduration: 3 hours $56.99best way to experience the cherry blossoms! each year from mid march to mid april, see the beautiful cherry blossoms in washington dc and get great photos because youll be led to all the best spots by the best guides. the annual spring bloom in dc is a magical time and this tour promises to provide the very best tour opportunity for you!the lights night tour in washington dcduration: 3 hours $56.33highest-rated night tour in dc! the only dc night tour where the tour guides hop off with you at each stop and tell you about each monument and attracton. hop aboard the the lights night tour! the best time to take a tour of washington dc is at night.the best minibus tour in washington dcduration: 3 hours $ 46.92see all the key atractions dc has to offer in a 3-hour format. you will learn all about the history and trivia (琐事) that surrounds washington and visit the major monuments and attractions dc has to offer.please note: rates for this tour vary by day of the week. when you choose your specific date on the availability calendar, the rates for that date will be displayed.best mount vernon & arlington cemetery tour from washington dcduration: 6 hours $ 78.96see arlington cemetery, old town alexandria and george washingtons mount vernon estate on this small group bus tour from washington dc. your tour guide will accompany you through mount vernon, telling you about all of the atractions there and the history of george washingtons home on the potomac river.1. which date suits the blossoms tour most?a. july 4.b. august 15.c. march 27.d. october 8.2. what is special about the best minibus tour?a. its price is not fixed.b. the best time to take it is at night.c. the tour guide accompanies you.d. you can get great photos of cherry.3. which tour would offer you a chance to learn about george washingtons home?a. the blossoms tour.b. the lights night tour.c. tbe best minibus tour.d. best mount vermon & arlington cemetery tour.【答案】1. c 2. a 3. d【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了华盛顿特区的巴士之旅的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。由the blossoms tour in washington dc中的“each year from mid march to mid april, see the beautiful cherry blossoms in washington dc and get great photos because youll be led to all the best spots by the best guides.”可知，每年3月中旬到4月中旬，你都可以在华盛顿看到美丽的樱花，并拍下漂亮的照片，因为最好的导游会带你去所有最好的景点。所以3月27日在3月中旬到4月中旬之间，最适合赏花之旅。故c选项正确。【2题详解】细节理解题。由the best minibus tour in washington dc中“rates for this tour vary by day of the week. when you choose your specific date on the availability calendar, the rates for that date will be displayed.”可知，本次旅行的费用因星期几而异。在可用性日历上选择特定日期时，将显示该日期的费率。所以华盛顿特区最佳小巴之旅的特别之处在于它的价格不是固定的。故a选项正确。【3题详解】细节理解题。由best mount vernon & arlington cemetery tour from washington dc中的“your tour guide will accompany you through mount vernon, telling you about all of the atractions there and the history of george washingtons home on the potomac river.”可知，你的导游将陪同你穿过弗农山，告诉你那里的所有的景点和乔治华盛顿在波托马克河上的家的历史。所以best mount vermon & arlington cemetery tour旅行会让你有机会了解乔治华盛顿的家。故d选项正确。bto be rulers of the reality, we must know how to ask for suggestions. but one thing that must be kept in mind is that when we ask others for suggestions we must be open to suggestions.i wrote a business letter one day. i gave it to my husband for suggestions. after reading the letter, he felt that there were some problems in my letter. i told him i needed more information, but he said he wasnt sure. then he reread the letter and made notes. i took the letter and revised it. as i was writing, i could see my letter improved based on his suggestions. again, i handed the letter back to my husband proudly and confidently. but he said it was still not right. i was a little annoyed and said some bad words to him.many people may have the same reaction when they experience the same situation. its normal that people dont like objection or critical words. however, we should hold a right attitude towards these words: analyze the objection and listen to critical words with an open mind.i then picked up the letter. after an hour of revision i went back to my husband contritely. i told him i was sorry for what i had said. and after he read the letter again, he declared that it was fine.that leads me to the following: when you ask for advice on a project, be grateful. understand that the suggestions you get may be negative. understand that it may mean more work for you. and keep in mind that the final responsibility for the project is still yours. so be modest and thankful even if he or she has noted some problems.4. why did the author give her business letter to her husband?a. to show off her excellent work.b. to ask him to make some changes.c. to have him type it on the computer.d. to ask him to give her some advice.5. what kind of people is the authors husband?a. a person who is good at expressing himself.b. a person of selfishness and pride.c. a person of honesty and patience.d. a person of humor, but carelessness.6. what does the word “contritely” in paragraph 4 mean?a. pleasantlyb. regretfullyc. proudlyd. carefully7. what attitude should we take when we are given suggestions?a. dont get upset if some are negative.b. dont refuse any help from the giver.c. do keep silent before taking action.d. dont quarrel but talk with the giver.【答案】4. d 5. c 6. b 7. a【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。要做现实的统治者，我们必须知道如何征求意见。但是有一件事必须记住，当我们向别人征求建议时，我们必须对建议持开放的态度。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中i gave it to my husband for suggestions.“我把它交给我丈夫征求意见。”可知，作者把她的商业信件给她的丈夫看是为了请他给她一些建议。故选d。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中after reading the letter, he felt that there were some problems in my letter. i told him i needed more information, but he said he wasnt sure. then he reread the letter and made notes. i took the letter and revised it. as i was writing, i could see my letter improved based on his suggestions. again, i handed the letter back to my husband proudly and confidently. but he said it was still not right.“读完信后，他觉得我的信有一些问题。我告诉他我需要更多的信息，但他说他不确定。然后他重读了那封信并做了笔记。我拿起信，修改了一下。当我在写的时候，我看到我的信在他的建议下得到了改进。我又一次自豪而自信地把信还给了丈夫。但他说这仍然是不对的。”可知，作者的丈夫是一个诚实和耐心的人。故选c。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段中i told him i was sorry for what i had said.“我对他说我为我所说的话感到抱歉。”由此推知，上句中划线词的意思是“遗憾地，抱歉地”。故选b。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中when you ask for advice on a project, be grateful. understand that the suggestions you get may be negative. understand that it may mean more work for you.“当你在一个项目上寻求建议时，要心存感激。要明白你得到的建议可能是负面的。要明白，这可能意味着你有更多的工作要做。”由此可知，当别人给我们建议时，如果有些是负面的，不要生气。故选a。【点睛】做推理判断题时，要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。尤其要注意横线两边的内容。本题第3小题，根据第四段中i told him i was sorry for what i had said.“我对他说我为我所说的话感到抱歉。”由此推知，上句中划线词的意思是“遗憾地，抱歉地”。故选b。ca new app aims to help parents interpret what their baby wants based on the sound of their cry. the free app chatterbaby, which was released last month, analyzes the acoustic (声学的) features of a babys cry, to help parents understand whether their child might be hungry, fussy or in pain. while critics say caregivers should not rely too much on their smartphone, others say its a helpful tool for new or tired parents.ariana anderson, a mother of four, developed the app. she originally designed the technology to help deaf parents better understand why their baby was upset, but soon realized it could be a helpful tool for all new parents.to build a database, anderson and her team uploaded 2,000 audio samples of infant(婴儿) cries. she used cries recorded during ear piercings and vaccinations to distinguish pain cries. and to create a baseline for the other two categories, a group of moms had to agree on whether the cry was either hungry or fussy.andersons team continues to collect data and hopes to make the app more accurate by asking parents to get specific about what certain sounds mean.pediatrician eric ball pointed out that evaluating cries can never be an exact science. “i think that all of the apps and technology that new parents are using now can be helpful but need to be taken seriously,” ball said ,“ i do worry that some parents will get stuck in big data and turn their parenting into basically a spreadsheet(电子表格) which i think will take away the love and caring that parents are supposed to be providing for the children. ”but anderson said the aim of the app is to have parents interpret the results, not to provide a yes or no answer. the bells, a couple using this app, say its a win-win. they believe they are not only helping their baby now but potentially others in the future.8. how does the app judge what babies want?a. by collecting data.b. by recording all the sounds.c. by analyzing the sound of their cries.d. by asking parents about specific messages.9. what was the app designed for in the beginning?a. all new parents.b. deaf parents.c. ariana anderson.d. crying babies.10. what is balls opinion about the app?a. parents should use the app wisely.b. the app can create an accurate result.c. parents and babies are addicted to the app.d. the app makes babies lose love and caring.11. what is the text mainly about?a. parents should not rely too much on their smartphones.b. a new app helps parents figure out why their babies are crying.c. parents can deal with babies hunger with the help of a new app.d. a new app called chatterbaby can prevent babies from crying.【答案】8. c 9. b 10. a 11. b【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了一款手机app能帮你解读宝宝为什么会哭。【8题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“a new app aims to help parents interpret what their baby wants based on the sound of their cry. the free app chatterbaby, which was released last month, analyzes the acoustic (声学的) features of a babys cry, to help parents understand whether their child might be hungry, fussy or in pain”可知，一款新的应用程序旨在帮助父母根据婴儿的哭声来理解他们想要什么。上个月发布的免费应用程序chatterbaby分析了婴儿啼哭的声音特征，以帮助父母了解他们的孩子是饿了、烦躁了还是痛苦了。所以应用程序通过分析他们的哭声来判断婴儿想要什么。故c选项正确。【9题详解】细节理解题。由第二段“ she originally designed the technology to help deaf parents better understand why their baby was upset,”可知，她最初设计这项技术是为了帮助失聪父母更好地理解他们的孩子为什么心烦意乱。所以这款应用最初是为失聪的父母而设计的。故b选项正确。【10题详解】推理判断题。由第五段“i think that all of the apps and technology that new parents are using now can be helpful but need to be taken seriously,”可知，我认为新父母现在使用的所有应用程序和技术都是有帮助的，但需要认真对待。所以通过ball所说的话，可以判断出，ball对这个应用程序的看法是家长们应该明智地使用这款应用程序。故a选项正确。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文介绍了chatterbaby应用程序的工作原理，研发的过程以及不同人对这款应用程序所持有的不同观点。所有的这些都是在围绕着一款手机app能帮你解读宝宝为什么哭而展开的。故判断出短文主要在讨论一款新的应用程序可以帮助父母弄清楚他们的孩子为什么哭。故b选项正确。【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施.由第五段“i think that all of the apps and technology that new parents are using now can be helpful but need to be taken seriously,”可知，我认为新父母现在使用的所有应用程序和技术都是有帮助的，但需要认真对待。所以通过ball所说的话，可以判断出，ball对这个应用程序的看法是家长们应该明智地使用这款应用程序。故a选项为小题3的正确选项。dharvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects hard outer shells. the materials inventors say it has a number of possible uses and some day could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative（可替代的） to plastic. the material, made from shrimp shells and proteins produced from silk, is called “shrilk”. it is thin, clear, flexible（柔韧性的） and strong.a major benefit of the material is its biodegradability. plastics toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and 1960s. decades later, however, plastics durability(耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries. what is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years?shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer, and so will enrich the soil. shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. that makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible if it should be used for products demanding a lot of material.work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. the inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so theyre exploring ways to use it in wet environments. theyre also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for non-medical products, like for computer cases and other products inside the home. theyre even exploring combining it with other materials, like carbon fibers, to give it new properties.12. paragraph 1 of the passage is mainly about shrinks .a. remarkable designb. interesting namec. major featuresd. basic elements13. according to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because .a. it can help plastic degradeb. it can be found in living thingsc. its mass production has been realizedd. its raw materials are abundant in nature14. what are the inventors doing in the lab?a. replacing carbon fibers with shrilk.b. testing shrilks use in wet conditions.c. making shrilk out of used household goods.d. improving shrilks flexibility for medical purposes.15. which of the following can be the best title for the passage?a. recent progress in environmental protection.b. benefits of insects in scientific research.c. the harm of one-time products.d. a possible alternative to plastic.【答案】12. c 13. d 14. b 15. d【解析】这是一篇新闻报道，是说明文，讲述的主题是shrilk.，哈佛大学的研究人员仿照昆虫外壳研制出了一种既坚硬又廉价的物质。这种物质由虾壳和蚕丝提取物制作而成，可降解，非常环保。【12题详解】段落大意题。第一段第一句介绍了shrilk的主要特征即tough, low-cost, biodegradable，而本句是本段的主题句。故选c。【13题详解】细节考查题。由第三段的第二句materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature,found in everything ranging from shrimp shells,insect bodies to living plants. 可知，它所用的材料在自然界中是非常丰富的，从虾壳、昆虫身体到有生命的植物，无所不包。因此可知，shrilk有很大的潜力，部分原因是它的原材料在自然界中非常丰富。故选d。【14题详解】细节理解题。由第二段的第二句中的so they are exploring ways to use it in wet environment“所以他们正在探索如何在潮湿的环境中使用它”。可知，发明者在实验室里测试shrilk在潮湿环境下的使用情况。故选b。【15题详解】主旨大意题。本文是新闻报道，主要介绍的是一种新环保材料shrilk，根据文章第一段第二句以及后文具体谈论的该材料优于塑料。故选d。第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下列一篇短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的a、b、c、d、e、f、g 7个选项中选出能填入空白的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑,选项中有两项为多余选项。how to rent your housebefore handing the keys to your house over to a complete stranger for care, there are decisions you need to make. in fact, the decisions you make now, before searching for a tenant (房客), will make the biggest impact on the success of your rental. _16_what condition do you want your house in?there is no end to the amount of improving you can do to your house before renting it out. _17_ when is good enough, good enough?a house should be clean, empty (unless you are offering it “furnished”, which is uncommon) and free from any major repairs at the time the tenant moves in.remember, the home does not need to be as fancy as you would want it to be. _18_ tenants will generally never take as good care of your house as you doso dont spend too much time or money making unnecessary upgrades that will only be ignored or broken.should you use a property manager?_19_ if you have the time, abilities, and energy to manage yourselfyou can save a good deal of money by doing so. however, if you try to manage without the abilityit could end up costing you much more than what a property manager might charge.how much can you rent your house for?luckily, discovering what the monthly rent will bear for your house is not difficult. _20_ in business, market research means to get out there and find out what others in your industry are charging; learning how much to charge for rent is no different. your house will generally rent for about the same amount as other properties that are of similar location, size and condition.a. the problem becomes learning when to stop.b. no one wants to be a landlord with those problems.c. the following are some questions to answer before you rent out your house.d. have a professional carpet cleaner clean the carpets before showing the property.e. look around at other rentals in your area and try to see what the typical quality is.f. the best way to determine how much your house will rent for is to simply do market research.g. the decision about whether to manage yourself or hire a property manager cannot be made by anyone other than you.【答案】16. c 17. a 18. e 19. g 20. f【解析】本文属于说明文，介绍出租房屋需要考虑的问题及方法。【16题详解】根据文章标题how to rent your house可知，本文讲述怎样出租自己的房屋，以及文章的三个问句的小标题可知，本空是引出本文的三个小标题，出租房屋之前，应该考虑以下问题，故选c。【17题详解】根据后文a house should be clean, empty (unless you are offering it “furnished”, which is uncommon) and free from any major repairs at the time the tenant moves in.可知，房屋出租之前，房屋应该要干净，不要堆太多东西，并且把坏的东西修理好，以及前一句there is no end to the amount of improving you can do to your house before renting it out.可知，房屋的改善无止尽，因此可知，必须清楚房屋出租之前应该要属于什么状况，学会适可而止，故a符合，选a。【18题详解】根据前一句remember, the home does not need to be as fancy as you would want it to be.可知，出租用的房屋不必像自己想要的那么新奇，以及后一句tenants will generally never take as good care of your house as you do租客也不会像你一样爱惜房屋里的物件，可知出租用的房屋装修要适可而止，因而e选项，查看自己附近的出租屋，了解当地的一般出租房屋的质量状况，来决定自己的装修质量，切题，故选e。【19题详解】根据本段小标题should you use a property manager?可知，本段讲述是否需要房产经纪人，根据本段后文的阐述，如果有时间、有能力，自己管理能够节约很多钱，但是能力不济，则会多花钱，可知这个决定完全取决于自己，故选g。【20题详解】根据后一句中market research以及本段小标题how much can you rent your house for