定语从句---关系代词的用法

TheAttributiveClause定语从句讲解（）,学习目标：1明确并理解概念：定语从句，关系词。2掌握关系词的功能并能准确灵活运用。,思考一：什么是定语从句？什么是先行词？什么是关系词？关系词的功能是什么？,Thecarthatisunderthetreeismine.,先行词,放置于名词之_，修饰名词的从句,关系词,连接作用,1.,2.,在从句中充当成分,后,3,指代先行词,树下的那辆车是我的。,that,Thecar,用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。1.Thestudents(whodontstudyhard)willnotpass先行词定语从句theexam.主句:,Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.,2.Thewoman(whomyousawinthepark)isour先行词定语从句Englishteacher.主句:,ThewomanisourEnglishteacher.,从句的主语：,you,从句的宾语：,whom,思考二：引导定语从句的引导词有哪些？,组成成分：先行词+关系词+从句关系代词与关系副词关系代词:指人:who(主格),whom(宾格),whose(所有格)指物:which(主格,宾格),whose(所有格)指人或物:thatas关系副词:when,where,why,思考三关系词与先行词的关系？,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:TheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.,her,Thelady,wesawyesterdayisGreen,Who/that,关系副词和先行词的关系,IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Idontlikethewaythatyouspeak.,ontheday=when,inthehouse=where,forthereasons=why,intheway=that,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,先行词和关系词的关系,1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.,intheschool=where,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,themachine=that,theboy=who,theboys=whose,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,总结,归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。,1)Aplaneisamachine_canfly.2)Thecar_myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.3)Thestudents_dontstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.4)Thewoman_yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.5)Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.,which/that,which/that/,who/that,whom/that/,that,Fillintheblanks.1.Istillremembertheday_wespentintheforest.2.Istillremembertheday_IfirstcametoBeijing.3.Thefactory_wewillvisitislarge.4.Thefactory_hisfatherworksislarge.5.Illneverforgetthetime_weworkonthefarm.6.Thisisthehouse_welivedlastyear.,that/which,when/onwhich,that/which,where,when/atwhich,where/inwhich,归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.,Jointwosentencesintoone:Theboyismybrother.Hehelpedme.,1.Theboywhohelpedmeismybrother.,Thefilmisinteresting.Theysawitlastnight.,2.Thefilmtheysawlastnightisinteresting.,Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydontworkhard.,3.Thestudentswhodontworkhardwillnotpasstheexam.,1.Thatbookthatyouwantitisonthedesk.,2.Isthisfactorythatwevisitedlastweek?,theone,Thisfactoryistheonethatwevisitedlastweek?,3.Heisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking.,for,4.ThepersontowhomyoutalkedisLily.,ThepersonwhomyoutalkedtoisLily.归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复2定语从句要避免漏用先行词3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.,when,which,where,which,why,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,TheAttributiveClause定语从句讲解（）,学习目标：1解读考纲，明确考点。2掌握并准确运用定语从句。3学习掌握非限制定语从句。,考纲解读：定语从句的考查要点：1关系词的使用，特别是which,that,when,where等。2介词和关系词连用时，介词的选用。3以as引导的定语从句。4只用that的情况。5只用which的情况。6定语从句与强调句型的区别。,考点分布,命题趋势高考将继续重视对复合句的考查，试题将着重对定语从句中相关基础知识的考察。,突破方法：1从句的学习并非一日之功，平时应加强对从句语法特征和语义特征的思考，形成纯正的思维能力。如不能形成这种思维能力，而仅凭汉语思维去解决英语问题，大量失误是在所难免的。2加强对非限制定语从句的学习。在平日的学习过程中，经过认真思考之后，将典型的从句分门别类，整理建档，以备考前复习巩固。,定语从句复习,定语从句,TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句,TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句的构成,Theoldladywholivesnexttoussellsbooks.YoushoulddoallthatIsaid.IhavefoundtheteatherwhomIamlookingfor.Ivisitedthefactorywheremyfatherworks.,关系代词关系副词,先行词之后,用陈述式语序,“.的”,关系词,1.从句位置及语序:,2.翻译方法:,3.构成,非限制性定语从句,Thetown,whereIlive,isbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.,Teachers,whoarekind,arepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.,Pleasecompare:,插入成分,修饰限定,补充解释,不能,能,.的,Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,心地善良的老师受学生欢迎。（说明老师有很多类型）,限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略,王老师受学生欢迎，他心地善良。他指代明确,Hisbrotherwhoisasoldieriscomingnextweek.Hisbrother,whoisasoldier,iscomingnextweek.,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,2.Hefailedintheexam._madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_madehisparentsangry.,4.Hehastwosons.Bothof_areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof_areteachers.,This,which,whom,them,that,1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_isaninterestingbook.,which,考点一that和which,That和which,只用that不用which的情况1）先行词为all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone,等eg.welldoallthatwecoulddotohelpyou.2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,oneof,theonly,thevery,theright,thelast,few,just修饰时。Thistrainisthelasttrainthatwillgotobeijing.,3)先行词前有序数词和形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIveeverread.4)先行词既有人又有物的时候。ThepeopleandthehappytimethatIhadinthatvillageinfluncedmealot.5)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个用that。Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactorywhichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.,6)当先行词在主句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语的。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatusedtobe.7)当先行词为集体名词时，多用that引导。Hewantstojointheteamthatwonthegame.,1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom,A,B,B,B,5.Thereisnodictionary_youcanfind.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_.Thisistheonlyoneofthebestbooks_A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwritten,A,A,B,7.Hewrotealettertome,tellingmeeverything_hesawonthewaytotheParis.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where8.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it9.Isthereanything_toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.whichbelongsD.thatbelong,B,A,B,10.Thescientistandhisachievements_youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose11.Whichofthebooks_wereborrowedfromhimisthebest?A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whose,B,C,只用which不用that的情况,1)在非限制定语从句中。2)动词短语中的介词提前时。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.3)先行词本身是that时。Whatisthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow.4)引导词后面有插入语的情况。Hereisthebookwhich,asyouknow,Ilikebest.,先行词是指人的不定代词时，连接词只用who不用that的情况,先行词是指人的不定代词one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody,none,those.Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.2)Therebe结构中ThereisaMr.Wangwhowantstoseeyou.3)先行词与关系词相距较远时Themaniscomingwhowantstoseeyou.,注意,考点二as引导的定语从句,as引导的非限制性定语从句,Theearthisround._isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_isknowntoall._isknowntoall,theearthisround_isknowntoallthattheearthisround.,It,which/as,As,It,as具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected,定语从句在句首时只能用as,as引导的限制性定语从句(1),ThisisthesamepenasIlost.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.,Pleasecompare:,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,as引导的限制性定语从句(2),Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllikeit.,as,that,Pleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),As和which,注意:as,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句,如都指前一句话的意思,二者可以互换.主句与从句有因果时用whichas引导的从句可以放在句首。as本身有“正如.正象”.一类的含义.与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,pointout等.在thesameassuch.as.中as引导的是限制性定语从句.,1._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_weuseintheexperiment_Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is3.Ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky,_hedrankimmediately.A.thatB.asC.whichD.who4.Sheisverygoodatdance,_everybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as,D,A,C,D,5.Itwasraining,_wasapity.A.whatB.thatC.thewhichD.which6._hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As7.Wedothesamework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like8.Theearthisround,_weallknow.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as,D,D,B,D,考点三介词+关系代词的定语从句,介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,A与谓语动词的搭配习惯,介词+关系代词的情况2,IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.,ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.,ontheday=when,inthehouse=where,=onwhich,=inwhich,B与先行词的搭配关系,与先行词的搭配关系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear_mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday,_mostpeoplehadhadsupper.,onwhich,duringwhich,inwhich,bywhich,与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Haveyoufoundthebook_Ipaid29USdollars?2)Haveyoufoundthebook_Ispent29USdollars?3)Haveyoufoundthebook_welearntalot?4)Haveyoufoundthebook_sheoftentalks?,forwhich,onwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,注意表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of,有时可用whose转换。1)Thereare100teachersinourschool,_60arewomenteachers.2)Hehasthreechildren,two_workasteachers.3)Thattablehasfourlegs,all_areveryshort.4)Impaintingahouse,theroof_isround.,Impaintingahousewhoseroofis.,5)Theyliveinahouse,_windowsfacesouth.,Theyliveinahouse,thewindows_facesouth.,ofwhom,ofwhom,ofwhich,ofwhich,whose,ofwhich,考点四.定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。例如：1.Herearesuchsentencesasareoftenusedbythestudents.(as指代sentences,谓语动词用are)。2.I,whoamaPartymember,shouldworkhardforourcountry.(who指代I,谓语用am.)。3.Hewasoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedforit.(who指代thestudents)他是被表扬的学生之一。4.Hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedforit.(who指theonlyone)他是唯一被表扬的学生。,考点五易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句1.定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“的”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较：Weallhaveheardthenewsthatourteamwon.(同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that在从句中不作任何成分)Wedontbelievethenewsthat/whichhetoldusyesterday.(定语从句，that作told的宾语),2.定语从句与状语从句。试比较：Heleftthekeywhereithadbeenanhourbefore.(where引导地点状语从句，相当于intheplacewhere)Helefttheplacewherehelivedformanyyears.(where引导定语从句，修饰theplace)Heissuchagoodteacherasallofusloveandrespect.(as引导定语从句)Heissuchagoodteacherthatwealllikehim.(that引导结果状语从句,suchthat“如此以致”),3定语从句与主语从句。试比较：Asisknowntousall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.(as引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首)ItisknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.(it做形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句)4定语从句与强调结构。试比较：ItisthehousewhereImettheyoungman.(where引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语从句中作地点状语)ItwasinthehousethatImettheyoungman.(本句为强调结构，可还原为Imettheyoungmaninthehouse.),1.Itistheyoungman_lookedfor_caughtthemurderer.A.thatwhoB.thattheyC.theythatDtheywhich,2.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastyear?A.whereBinwhichCtheoneDatwhich,3.Thebook,thecover_isbroken,isnotmine.A.ofitBforCwhoseDofwhich,4.ThisisMrSmi