新概念英语-第2册-第4课-Lesson-4--

.,NCE-2,NewConceptEnglish,Lesson4,Anexcitingtrip,.,I.Keywordsexciting,receive,firm,differentII.KeystructuresThepresentperfectsimple现在完成时,keypoints,.,Revision,寄，送明信片损坏博物馆公共的,友好的服务员借给决定整个的唯一的,send,postcard,spoil,spoilt/spoiled,museum,public,friendly,waiter,lend,decision,whole,single,.,Postcardsalways_myholidays.Lastsummer,Iwentto_.I_museumsandsatin_gardens.A_waitertaughtmeafewwordsof_.Thenhe_meabook.Ireada_lines,butIdidnot_aword.EverydayI_mypostcards.Myholidayspassed_,butIdidnot_cardstomyfriends._thelastdayI_abig_.Igotup_and_thirty-sevencards.I_the_dayinmyroom,_Ididnotwritea_card!,spoil,Italy,visited,public,friendly,Italian,lent,few,understand,thought,about,quickly,send,On,made,decision,early,bought,spent,whole,but,single,Revision,.,Newwords,exciting,adj.令人兴奋的（修饰事物）,excited感到兴奋的（修饰人）,-ed自己感到interested,bored,relaxed-ing令人感到interesting,boring,relaxing,e.g.Iaminterestedinthisbook.Thisisaninterestingbook.,.,v.接受，收到（客观的收到）,e.g.receivealetter(fromsb.)ThismorningIreceiveabunchofflowers.,同义accept同意，接受（主观）,e.g.ThismorningIreceivedabunchofflowersbutIdidntacceptit.,receive,take接受，收到,e.g.taketheexam,takeadvice,Newwords,.,Newwords,firm,n.商行，公司lawfirm法律公司,company公司,different,adj.不同的same相同的,adv.differently,n.difference,e.g.bedifferentfromdifferencesbetweenA现在完成时通常与模糊时间状语连用或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,-具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊的时间状语,句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时错Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.对Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.,Grammar,.,3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。,ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是团员的状态可持续),Grammar,.,延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。,比较延续动词与瞬间动词,Hehasfinishedthework.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)Iveknownhimsincethen.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历),Grammar,.,since用来说明动作起始时间“自从”for用来说明动作延续时间长度“长达”Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.,比较since和for,并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已不在这里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(现在我仍在这里工作。),Grammar,.,HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已经)去上海了。,HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。,比较have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,Grammar,.,Hedied10yearsago.-He_for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-He_thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-He_themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-He_heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.-Thelight_for2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.-He_fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.-Thefilm_for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.-He_a_forayear.-He_thearmyforayear.-It_ayear_hejoinedthearmy.,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化,Exercise,.,sumup,一、现在完成时,1)构成,肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其它,否定句：主语+have/hasnot+过去分词+其它,疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其它,HehasbeentoAustralia.,HehasnotbeentoAustralia.,HashebeentoAustralia?,.,sumup,2)用法,1.过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与表示时间的副词连用，如yet,just,before,recently,ever,never等。,e.g.Wehavejustwonthematch.IhaveneverbeentoAustraliabefore.,一、现在完成时,.,sumup,2)用法,1.表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示一段时间的时间状态连用，如sofar,uptillnow,since,foralongtime,inthepastfewyears,thosedays等。,e.g.Sofar,hehasbrokentwoworldrecords.Ihaveworkedhereforfouryears.,一、现在完成时,.,sumup,2)用法,3.短暂性动词在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，常见的动词有die,arrive,le