定语从句语法详解

希望Attributive子句语法详细，帮助考生准备英语科目考试，获得高分。一、属性句子中修饰名词或代词的成分称为属性。属性可以用形容词、名词、不定式、分词作名词或从句。Eg: She is a beautiful girl。(形容词)I met somene funny on my way to beijin。(形容词) (在修正不确定代词的属性之后)He is an English teacher。(名词)名词是单数，例外是sports(例如a sports star)I have a lot of work to do .(不定式)book written by a school boy is very popular now .(过去分词)We can see the rising sun。(当前分词方法)=the sun is rising。He is in the reading room .(名词)=the room for readingthe boy who broke the window is Tom s brother .(子句)注意：1 .形容词通常放在修改后的单词前面。但是，形容词修饰something、anyhing、everyhing、nothing、someone、everyone、everyone、everyone、everyody、somehere等不确定代词时，要放在这个词后面存在，不在属性之后。Students present/absent不定式通常放在修改后的单词后面。使用3分词作为属性，可以放在编造的话之前或编造的话之后(1)分词的前半部分：一个分词为属性，通常位于修饰的单词前面。(。他是a retired worker。他是退休工人(2)分词在以下情况下，位于造词的后面一.分词短语；There was a girl sitting there。坐在那儿的女孩Given、left等个别分词；This is the question given。这是给定的问题三.修正后的无限代词something等There is nothing interesting。没有什么有趣的过去分词作为属性，及其修改的词是被动关系，对应于一个被动语态的定语从句。most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists。=most of the people who were invited to the party were from south Africa二、Attributive Clauses在句子中用作属性，修饰一个名词或代词时，修饰的名词、短语或代词是先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，接着是关系词(关系代词或关系副词)。关系代词如下：who、whom、whose、that、which等。关系副词是when、where、why等。I like the books that are written by Mr . green。前置任务关系词语A.关系词：关系词通常有三个作用。也就是说，在指向前置任务的attributive子句、attributive子句中充当句子组件。anyone who breaks the law will surely be punished。1.先行词是指人时attributive子句中的指导短语：(1)指人的时候，who和that都可以使用。(。Who和whom都可以作为定语从句的对象，但是子句的介词提前时不能使用who。he is the man who/whom I talked to you about。=he is the man about whom I talked to you。(3)如果前置任务是人，仅使用who，不使用或少使用that:A.前置任务为one、ones、anyone时，引导定语从句的关系语通常只能使用who。如果that前置任务是someone，也可以使用thathe is not one who is easily frightened。I think Joe is the one who borroved my peo。the ones who tell lies won t gain others trust。anyone who saw the accident should phone the police。somene who/that claims to be your uncle wants to see you。B.先行词为those时，关系代词通常不使用thatThose who dont wish to go need not go。C.There be句型中修饰人的定语从句的关系代词一般只使用who来引导there is a certain old man in the village who none of us likes。D.一个句子有两个attributive子句，第一个已经使用了that，第二个通常使用whothe man that is talking with our teacher is the professor who gave us a report yesterday。E.当attributive子句远离先行词时，引导attributive子句的关系代词通常只使用whoI came across my first teacher in the store yesterday who was still beautiful。f非限定属性子句仅引导who。thatHe has a son，who is a doctor。(4)如果先行者是人，则只有that不使用who的情况：A.以who开头的特殊疑问句，attributive子句的先行词，如果是人的话，关系代词不只用that whowho is the girl that said hello to you just now？B.当先行词有人和事物的时候，定语从句只使用that引导they ofter talk about the person and things that they remember。C.在attributive子句中表示关系代词时，只使用that进行引导Hes changed。he is not the man that he was。D.先行词被形容词的最高级修改时，只使用that。this is the most beautiful lady that I have ever met。E.当前置任务为other时，attributive子句仅引导that。you can ask the old man or any other that was there at the time。page2.当先行词是事物时，that和which通常可以互换使用，但有时不能互换。(1)通常用于以下情况that:A.前置任务包括all、much、anything、something、nothing、everyhing、little、theOne、none等不确定代词we should do all that is useful to the people .the little that I have seen of his work is satis factory。B.先行词是序数，形容词的最高级和first，last，any，only，few，much，no，修改Some、very等单词the first book that I bought in this book store is a dictionary。the last person that I talked with in London is my girl friendthe best teacher that I have ever met has gone abroadYou can take any seat that is vacant。C.先行词有两种。一个指人，另一个指东西I miss all the people and places that web visited last summerD.主要文章是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句。E.在There be句型中there is a seat in the corner that is free .F.先行词是数字的时候three buildings have been completed，but there are two that are still under construction。(2)在以下情况下不能使用thatA.非限定的定语从句，即逗号后的定语从句，在that没有指示的情况下，指人时用who或whom，指东西时用which。B.“介词关系代词”结构中不使用that，指人时使用whom，指东西时使用which。this is the book about which we are taling .C.先行词是that，those，关系词是which，who是人的意思what s that which you have got in your hand？D.使用两个attributive子句，一个使用that，另一个使用which。let me show you the novel that I borrowled from the library which wasNewly open to us。E.关系代词后有插入词时，只使用whichhere are some stamps whichI thinkyou can take away。3.关系词在子句中用作宾语时，关系词可以省略。4.先行词表示时间、位置、理由(the reason)时，关系词用when，where，why作为子句中的副词如果关系词在子句中用作主题、表语、宾语，那么that或which。I want to visit the place where my mother was born。=I want to visit the place in which my mother was born。I still remember the years when I stuied in the middle school。=I still remember the years in which I stuied in the middle school。I don t know the reason why he didn t agree with us .=I didn t know the reason for which he didn t agree with us。5.如果先行词是the way，关系词在子句中用作副词，那么可以用that，in which引导，也可以省略。前置任务将time，time表示为number时，使用that引导attributive子句，您可以省略that。当Time表示“期间，时间”时，attributive子句将引导到when或at/during whichI don t like the way(that/in which)he talked to his mother .I can hardly remember how many times(that)I ve failed。I ll never forget the time when/at which web visiited your home TWN。6.当前置公司family、class、team、army、company等被视为单数时，官刑被视为which，当被视为复数时，who或whom。The family，which is a large and rich one，was poor。The party，who are all children，have lost their way。7.先行词是动物时，定语从句一般用whichThe dog，which he had kept for five years，was killed by someone yesterday