新世纪大学英语综合教程第二册

BeforeReading_radiohead,AnEnglishSong,WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishPoem,WordWeb,RichardDeVosandAmwayCorporation,BackgroundInformation,Radiohead,ListentotheSong,QuestionsabouttheSong,RadioheadisanEnglishbandmadeupoffiveschoolmatesfromOxford,England.Theyhaveoftenbeenpraisedasamongthemostcreativemusicalgroupsoftheirera,notedfortheirmulti-layeredsongsandoftenradicalevolutionsfromalbumtoalbum.Theirfirstalbum,PabloHoneywasreleasedin1993whichincludedthehitsongCreep.Theirsecondrelease,TheBends,wasanevenbiggersuccess,andtheirthirdrelease,OKComputerwasnominatedforaGrammyin1998asBestAlbumoftheYear.In2001theywereagainnominatedforBestAlbumfortheirrelease,KidA.OptimisticisasongfromKidA.,LearntheFollowingPoembyHeart,Discussion,IfyoutrythebestyoucanIfyoutrythebestyoucanThebestyoucanisgoodenoughIfyoutrythebestyoucanIfyoutrythebestyoucanThebestyoucanisgoodenoughIdreallyliketohelpyou,manIdreallyliketohelpyou,manAndnowthismessedupmarionnette(木偶)FloatingaroundonaprisonshipIfyoutrythebestyoucanIfyoutrythebestyoucanThebestyoucanisgoodenoughIfyoutrythebestyoutryIfyoutrythebestyoucanDinosaursrulingtheearthDinosaursrulingtheearthDinosaursrulingtheearth,BeforeReading_listentothesong1,FliesarebuzzingroundmyheadVultures(秃鹫)circlingthedeadPickingupeverylastcrumb(碎屑)ThebigfisheatthelittleonesThebigfisheatthelittleonesNotmyproblem,givemesomeIfyoutrythebestyoucanIfyoutrythebestyoucanThebestyoucanisgoodenoughIfyoutrythebestyoucanIfyoutrythebestyoucanThebestyoucanisgoodenoughThisonesoptimisticThisonewenttomarketThisonejustcameoutoftheswamp(沼泽)ThisonedroppedapayloadFodder(饲料)fortheanimalsLivingonanimalfarm,Optimistic,AnEnglishSong,WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishPoem,WordWeb,RichardDeVosandAmwayCorporation,BackgroundInformation,Radiohead,ListentotheSong,QuestionsabouttheSong,LearntheFollowingPoembyHeart,Discussion,BeforeReading_questionsaboutthesong,1.Howmanyanimalsarementionedinthesong?Whatarethey?,Five.Theyareflies,vultures,fish,pigsanddinosaurs.Pigsarenotmentioneddirectly.However,thesongOptimisticdirectlyreferstoabooknamedAnimalFarmaboutpigs.,2.Asweknow,dinosaurisanextinctspeciesonearth.Whyisthesongendedwith“Dinosaursrulingtheearth”?Whatdoesitimply?,Inveryancienttimes,dinosaursruledanddominatedtheearth.Itimpliesthatallspeciesaredestinedforextinction.Werethe“dinosaurs”currentlydominatingtheplanet,butnotforever.,AnEnglishSong,WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishPoem,WordWeb,RichardDeVosandAmwayCorporation,BackgroundInformation,Radiohead,ListentotheSong,QuestionsabouttheSong,LearntheFollowingPoembyHeart,Discussion,BeforeReading_questionsaboutthesong2,3.Thesongcanbeinterpretedinmanyways.Canyouinterpretthesongfromtheperspectiveofoptimism?,Asissunginthesong,“Youcantrythebestyoucan.Ifyoutrythebest,youcan.Thebestyoucanisgoodenough.”,weshouldtrytobeoptimisticandmakethebestofwhatsleftevenifwearetrappedbyunpleasantsituations.,AnEnglishSong,WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishPoem,WordWeb,RichardDeVosandAmwayCorporation,BackgroundInformation,Radiohead,ListentotheSong,QuestionsabouttheSong,LearntheFollowingPoembyHeart,Discussion,BeforeReading_williamarthuaward,WilliamArthurWard(19211994),authorofFountainsofFaith,isoneofAmericasmostquotedwritersofinspirationalmaxims.“Theonlythingthatstandsbetweenamanandwhathewantsfromlifeisoftenmerelythewilltotryitandthefaithtobelievethatitispossible.”“Itisimpossibletowintheraceunlessyouventuretorun,impossibletowinthevictoryunlessyoudaretobattle.”WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishSong,WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishPoem,WordWeb,RichardDeVosandAmwayCorporation,BackgroundInformation,Radiohead,ListentotheSong,QuestionsabouttheSong,LearntheFollowingPoembyHeart,Discussion,BeforeReading_learnthepoembyheart,Thepessimistfindsfault.Theoptimistdiscoversaremedy.Thepessimistseekssympathy.Theoptimistspreadscheer.Thepessimistcriticizescircumstances.Theoptimistchangesconditions.Thepessimistcomplainsabouttheappleseeds.Theoptimistplantsthem.Thepessimistimaginesimpendingperil.Theoptimistseessignsofprosperity.Thepessimistdisparages.Theoptimistencourages.,OptimistVs.PessimistWilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishSong,WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishPoem,WordWeb,RichardDeVosandAmwayCorporation,BackgroundInformation,Radiohead,ListentotheSong,QuestionsabouttheSong,LearntheFollowingPoembyHeart,Thepessimistcreatesloneliness.Theoptimistfindsfriends.Thepessimistnibblesatthenegative.Theoptimistisnourishedbythepositive.Thepessimistbuildsbarriers.Theoptimistremovesroadblocks.Thepessimistinventstrouble.Theoptimistenrichestheenvironment.,Discussion,BeforeReading_wordweb,Directions:Figureouttheexpressionsrelatedto“optimisticattitude”.,optimisticattitude,amplehappiness,unlimitedconfidence,greatpersistence,problem-solvingability,positive,constructivethinking,positiveaffirmation,positiveattitude,sufficientjoy,AnEnglishSong,WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishPoem,WordWeb,RichardDeVosandAmwayCorporation,BackgroundInformation,Radiohead,ListentotheSong,QuestionsabouttheSong,LearntheFollowingPoembyHeart,Discussion,BeforeReading_richarddevosandamwahy.,1.RichardDeVos,RichardDeVos,bornonMarch4,1926inMichiganoftheUnitedStates,isabillionaireco-founderofAmway,restructuredasAlticorin2000.RichDeVosistheownerofbasketballsOrlandoMagicaswellasaveryfamousspeakerandwriter.Heisahearttransplantrecipient.,AnEnglishSong,WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishPoem,WordWeb,RichardDeVosandAmwayCorporation,BackgroundInformation,Radiohead,ListentotheSong,QuestionsabouttheSong,LearntheFollowingPoembyHeart,Discussion,BeforeReading_richarddevosandamwahy.2,2.AmwayCorporation,Type,Private,YearofFounding,1959,Name,Amway,FullName,AmericanWay,KeyPeople,JayVanAndelandRichDeVos,Headquarters,Ada,Michigan,USA,Industry,Multi-levelmarketing,Products,Personalcareproducts,jewelry,dietarysupplements,watertreatmentandcosmeticsaswellasotherproductsfromtopbrands,AnEnglishSong,WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishPoem,WordWeb,RichardDeVosandAmwayCorporation,BackgroundInformation,Radiohead,ListentotheSong,QuestionsabouttheSong,LearntheFollowingPoembyHeart,Discussion,BeforeReading_richarddevosandamwahy.3,ProductsofAmway(China),Personalcare,homecare,andnutritionandwellnesscategories,WaysofSale,Directsalefrombusinessownerstoconsumersorsaleonline,AnEnglishSong,WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishPoem,WordWeb,RichardDeVosandAmwayCorporation,BackgroundInformation,Radiohead,ListentotheSong,QuestionsabouttheSong,LearntheFollowingPoembyHeart,Discussion,BeforeReading_richarddevosandamwahy.4,AnEnglishSong,WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishPoem,WordWeb,RichardDeVosandAmwayCorporation,BackgroundInformation,Radiohead,ListentotheSong,QuestionsabouttheSong,LearntheFollowingPoembyHeart,Discussion,BeforeReading_richarddevosandamwahy.5,AnEnglishSong,WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishPoem,WordWeb,RichardDeVosandAmwayCorporation,BackgroundInformation,Radiohead,ListentotheSong,QuestionsabouttheSong,LearntheFollowingPoembyHeart,Discussion,BeforeReading_richarddevosandamwahy.6,AnEnglishSong,WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishPoem,WordWeb,RichardDeVosandAmwayCorporation,BackgroundInformation,Radiohead,ListentotheSong,QuestionsabouttheSong,LearntheFollowingPoembyHeart,Discussion,BeforeReading_richarddevosandamwahy.7,AnEnglishSong,WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishPoem,WordWeb,RichardDeVosandAmwayCorporation,BackgroundInformation,Radiohead,ListentotheSong,QuestionsabouttheSong,LearntheFollowingPoembyHeart,Discussion,BeforeReading_richarddevosandamwahy.8,Amwayisamulti-levelmarketingcompanyfoundedin1959byJayVanAndelandRichDeVos.Thecompanysnameistheabbreviationof“AmericanWay.”BasedinAda,Michigan,Amwaysbusinessisbuiltondirectsalesfrombusinessownerstoconsumers.Inmanymarkets,Amwayalsohaswebstoreswhereconsumerscanfindinformationabouttheavailableproductsandplaceanorderonline.Itsproductlinesincludepersonalcareproducts,jewelry,dietarysupplements,watertreatmentandcosmeticsaswellasotherproductsfromtopbrands.Amway(China)wasfoundedin1992oneyearafterRichDeVosvisittoChina.Thecompanyhas7,000outletsin2,000citiesthroughoutChinaofferingmorethan160productsinAmwayspersonalcare,homecare,andnutritionandwellnesscategories.Amway(China)productsaremadeinChinaattheparentcompanyslargestfactoryoutsidetheUS.,AnEnglishSong,WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishPoem,WordWeb,RichardDeVosandAmwayCorporation,BackgroundInformation,Radiohead,ListentotheSong,QuestionsabouttheSong,LearntheFollowingPoembyHeart,Discussion,BeforeReading_discussion,1.Howareyoufeelingtoday?Howdoyoufeelaboutyourpresentlife?2.Howdoyoureacttodifficultiesinlife?Canyougiveanexample?3.Doyouthinkoptimismisthekeytoahappyandbetterlife?,AnEnglishSong,WilliamArthurWard,AnEnglishPoem,WordWeb,RichardDeVosandAmwayCorporation,BackgroundInformation,Discussion,Radiohead,ListentotheSong,QuestionsabouttheSong,LearntheFollowingPoembyHeart,GlobalReading_partdivisionofthetext,PartDivisionoftheText,TrueorFalse,QuestionsandAnswers,Parts,Paragraphs,MainIdeas,1,2,13,47,Itisnecessarytochooseoptimismtoshapeouroutlookandexpectations.,Theauthorillustratestheeffectsofnegativismthroughhisownexperiences.,3,810,Theauthorsuggeststhatwedirectourattentiontopositiveandconstructivethinkingratherthantonegativism.,TableCompletion,GlobalReading_questionsandanswers,1.Whatdoesapessimisticattitudeusuallyleadtoinreallife?,Apessimisticattitudeusuallyleadstofailureinreallife.,2.Whatistherelationshipbetweenoptimismandsuccess?,AccordingtoRichDeVos,thereseemstobeanaturalcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenoptimismandsuccess.,PartDivisionoftheText,TrueorFalse,QuestionsandAnswers,3.Whyshouldeachofuschoosebetweenoptimismandpessimismtoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations?,Becausethereisenoughgoodandbadineveryoneslife,whichservesasarationalbasisforustochooseeitheroptimismorpessimism.,4.Whatistheauthorschoice?Whydoeshemakesuchachoice?,RichDeVoschoosestohighlightthepositiveandsliprightoverthenegative,becauseheisanoptimistbychoiceasmuchasbynature.Andhefindsthatthegoodinlifeisfargreaterandmoreimportantthanthebad.,TableCompletion,GlobalReading_tablecompletion1,PartDivisionoftheText,TrueorFalse,TableCompletion,QuestionsandAnswers,Summary,Setting1,Theauthorfeltuneasywhentheattendanttoldhimhedidntlookwell.,Inaservicestation,Setting2,Alongthesideoftheroad,Helookedathisfaceinthemirror,puzzled.,Setting3,Backhome,Hebegantofeelalittlesickanddoubtedwhetherhehadpickedupsomeraredisease.,Setting4,Intheservicestationagain,Hefiguredoutitwasthelightreflectingoffthewallsthatmadeeveryoneinsidetheservicestationlookasthoughhehadhepatitis.,Conclusion,Anegativeattitudemayhaveaprofoundeffectonthewaywefeelandact.,GlobalReading_TrueorFalse,PartDivisionoftheText,TrueorFalse,QuestionsandAnswers,TableCompletion,F,1.Wecanbeoptimistsifwethinklessorevenignorethedifficulties.,Wecanbeoptimistsandstillrecognizethatproblemsexistandthatsomeofthemarenotdealtwitheasily.,(),2.MoneyspentonAmericasspaceprogramismorevaluablethanthatonthepovertyproblemonearth.,F,Insteadofcriticizingmoneyspentonthespaceprogram,weshouldthinkaboutwhatwecandotosolvethepovertyproblemwithanoptimisticattitude.,(),GlobalReading_TrueorFalse,PartDivisionoftheText,TrueorFalse,QuestionsandAnswers,TableCompletion,3.Ifwetakeanoptimisticattitudetowardslife,wewilllookonthepositivesideofthesituationandgraduallycultivateapositiveandconstructivewayofthinking.,4.Todealwithsuchissuesasbigandongoingaspoverty,onlyadreamerisneeded.,F,Todealwithsuchimportantproblems,adreamer,whoisextremelyoptimistic,verypersistentandfullofconfidence,isneeded.,(),T,(),Somepsychologistsbelievethatonesstateofmindhasgreatinfluenceoveronessocialandintellectualperformance,andthequalityoflifedependsmuchononesattitudetowardslife.Ifthisisthecase,thencanweconsciouslymakeouremotionsworkforusinaconstructiveway?Thefollowingpassageprovidesapositiveanswer:bysimplychoosingoptimism,wecanleadabetterlife.,DetailedReading_t0,DetailedReading,Ifyouexpectsomethingtoturnoutbad,itprobablywill.Pessimismisseldomdisappointed.Butthesameprinciplealsoworksinreverse.Ifyouexpectgoodthingstohappen,theyusuallydo!Thereseemstobeanaturalcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenoptimismandsuccess.Optimismandpessimismarewithpowerfulforces,andeachofusmustchoosewhichwewant,soastoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations.Thereisenoughgoodandbadineveryoneslifeamplesorrowandhappiness,sufficientjoyandpaintofindarationalbasisforeitheroptimismorpessimism.Wecanchoosetolaughorcry,blessorcurse.Itsourdecision:Fromwhichperspectivedowewanttoviewlife?Willwelookupinhopeordownindespair?,ChooseOptimismRichDeVos,DetailedReading_t1,DetailedReading,Ibelieveintheupwardlook.Ichoosetohighlightthepositiveandsliprightoverthenegative.Iamanoptimistbychoiceasmuchasbynature.Sure,Iknowthatsorrowexists.Iaminmy70snow,andIvelivedthroughmorethanonecrisis.Butwhenallissaidand,DetailedReading_t2,DetailedReading,done,Ifindthatthegoodinlifeisfargreaterandmoreimportantthanthebad.,Anoptimisticattitudeisnotaluxury;itsanecessity.Thewayyoulookatlifewilldeterminehowyoufeel,howyouperform,andhowwellyouwillgetalongwithotherpeople.Conversely,negativethoughts,attitudes,andexpectationsfeedonthemselves;theybecomeaself-fulfillingprophecy.Pessimismcreatesasadandhopelessplacewherenoonewantstolivein.,Yearsago,Idroveintoaservicestationtogetsomegas.Itwasabeautifulday,andIwasfeelinggreat.AsIwalkedintothestationtopayforthegas,theattendantsaidtome,“Howdoyoufeel?”Thatseemedlikeanoddquestion,DetailedReading_t3,DetailedReading,butIfeltfineandtoldhimso.“Youdontlookwell,”hereplied.Thistookmecompletelybysurprise.Alittlelessconfidently,ItoldhimthatIhadneverfeltbetter.Withouthesitation,hecontinuedtotellmehowbadIlookedandthatmyskinappearedyellow.,BythetimeIlefttheservicestation,Iwasfeelingalittleuneasy.Aboutablockaway,Ipulledovertothesideoftheroadtolookatmyfaceinthemirror.HowdidIfeel?DidIlookthatbad?Waseverythingallright?BythetimeIgothome,Iwasbeginningtofeelalittlesick.DidIhaveabadliver?HadIpickedupsomeraredisease?,DetailedReading_t4,DetailedReading,ThenexttimeIwentintothatgasstation,feelingfineagain,Ifiguredoutwhathadhappened.Theplacehadrecentlybeenpaintedabrightbutdisgustingyellow,andthelightreflectingoffthewallsmadeeveryoneinsidelookasthoughtheyhad,hepatitis!IwonderedhowmanyotherfolkshadreactedthewayIdid.Ihadletoneshortconversationwithatotalstrangerchangemyattitudeforanentireday.HetoldmeIlookedsick,andbeforelong,Iwasactuallyfeelingsick.ThatsinglenegativeobservationhadaprofoundeffectonthewayIfeltandacted.,Theonlythingmorepowerfulthannegativismisapositiveaffirmation,awordofoptimismandhope.OneofthethingsIammostthankfulforisthefactthatIhavegrownupinanationwithagrandtraditionofoptimism.Whenawholecultureadoptsanupwardlook,incrediblethingscanbeaccomplished.Whentheworldisseenasahopeful,positiveplace,peoplearegiventhepowertoattemptandtoachieve.,Optimismdoesntneedtobenaive.Youcanbeanoptimistandstillrecognizethatproblemsexistandthatsomeofthemarenotdealtwitheasily.Butwhatadifferenceoptimismmakesintheattitudeoftheproblemsolver!Forexample,throughtheyearsIveheardsomepeoplesaythatthemoneyspentonourspaceprogramhasbeenwasted.“Insteadofspending$455milliontoputamanonthemoon,”theysay,“whynotspendthatmoneyhereonearthonthepovertyproblem?”Butwhenyouaskthemexactlyhowtheywouldspendthatmoneytosolvethepovertyproblem,mostofthemdonthaveananswer.“Givemeasolution,”Itellthem,“andIllraiseyouthemoney.”Thinkinpositivetermsabouthowtoaddresstheissueratherthancriticizingmoneyspentonanotherprogram,suchasAmericasspaceprogram,whichhasresultedinmanypositivediscoveriesthathavebenefitedmankind.,DetailedReading_t5,DetailedReading,DetailedReading_t6,DetailedReading,Optimismdrawsourattentionawayfromnegativismandchannelsitintopositive,constructivethinking.Whenyoureanoptimist,youremoreconcernedwithproblem-solvingthanwithuselessfault-finding.Infact,withoutoptimism,issuesasbigandongoingaspovertyhavenohopeofsolution.Ittakesadreamersomeonewithhopelesslyoptimisticideas,greatpersistence,andunlimitedconfidencetotackleaproblemthatbig.Itsyourchoice.,Canyouanalyzethecause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenoptimismandsuccess?,Thereseemstobeanaturalcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenoptimismandsuccess.,DetailedReading_t1_thereseems,Ifyouexpectgoodthingstohappen,theyusuallydo.,DetailedReading,Optimismandpessimismarewithpowerfulforces,andeachofusmustchoosewhichwewant,soastoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations.,DetailedReading_t1_optimism,DetailedReading,Whyshouldeachofuschoosebetweenoptimismandpessimismtoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations?,Becausethereisenoughgoodandbadineveryoneslife,whichservesasarationalbasisforustochooseeitheroptimismorpessimism.,Thereisenoughgoodandbadineveryoneslifeamplesorrowandhappiness,sufficientjoyandpaintofindarationalbasisforeitheroptimismorpessimism.,DetailedReading_t1_thereis,TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,每个人的生命中都有足够的幸运与不幸丰富的哀伤和喜悦、充足的欢欣与痛苦令我们找到或乐观或悲观的理由。,DetailedReading,Ichoosetohighlightthepositiveandsliprightoverthenegative.,DetailedReading_t2_Ichoose,Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?,Theauthorchoosestobeanoptimistratherthanapessimist.,DetailedReading,Butwhenallissaidanddone,Ifindthatthegoodinlifeisfargreaterandmoreimportantthanthebad.,DetailedReading_t2_But,1.Whatistheimpliedmeaningofthissentence?,Havingexperiencedsomanydifficultiesandcrises,theauthorbelievesthatthegoodinlifeisfargreaterandmoreimportantthanthebad.,DetailedReading,2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,但是，当一切尘埃落定，我发现生命中的美好远比丑恶多。,Conversely,negativethoughts,attitudes,andexpectationsfeedonthemselves;theybecomeaself-fulfillingprophecy.,DetailedReading_t2_conversely,DetailedReading,1.Whydoestheauthorsaynegativethoughts,attitudes,andexpectationsbecomeaself-fulfillingprophecy?,Thereseemstobeanaturalcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenpessimismandfailure.Ifyouexpectsomethingtoturnoutbad,itprobablywill.,2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,反过来，悲观的想法、态度和期待也会自成因果：它们是能自我实现的预言。,Thatseemedlikeanoddquestion,butIfeltfineandtoldhimso.,DetailedReading_t3_thatseemed,DetailedReading,Whatistheimpliedmeaningofthissentence?,Theauthorwasfeelinggreatonthatbeautifulday.Althoughhewasabitsurprisedtoheartheattendantsquestion,hestilltoldhimthefact.,Optimismdoesntneedtobenaive.,DetailedReading_t5_optimism,DetailedReading,Whatdoesthissentenceimply?,Tobeoptimisticdoesntmeantobesimple-mindedorhappyblindly.,Optimismdra