新概念第二册第57课

,Lesson57,Newwords,Madamn.太太，夫人jeansn.牛仔裤hesitatev.犹豫，迟疑servev.接待（顾客）scornfullyadv.轻蔑地punishv.惩罚furn.裘皮eageradj.热切的，热情的,Madam/mdm/n.(对妇女的尊称)太太，夫人1)信的称呼Dearmadam,2)关于女性的称呼3)关于男性的称呼,Miss1)对未婚女子姓名的称谓MissHill2)小学生对女教师的尊称MissYuMrs.夫人（已婚女子姓或姓名前）Mrs.BrownMs.女士（已婚或未婚女子姓或姓名前）Ms.Mary,Mr.先生（男子姓或姓名前，职务前）Mr.White怀特先生Mr.President总统先生Sir对男子的礼貌称呼Yes,sir.中小学生对男老师的称呼信的称呼DearSir,jeans/di:nz/n.牛仔裤世界第一条牛仔裤的发明人LeviStrauss（利瓦伊史特劳斯）Awomaninjeans,clothesshoesshirt衬衫boots靴子coat大衣sandals凉鞋sweater毛衣sneakers旅游鞋T-shirtT恤衫dress连衣裙skirt短裙pants裤子jacket夹克衫vest背心,shirt,coat,sweater,T-shirt,dress,skirt,pants,jacket,vest,hesitate/heztet/v.犹豫，迟疑hesitate的用法hesitationn.withouthesitation毫不犹豫,1)hesitateat/over/aboutsthHehesitatesatnothing.他从不优柔寡断。2)hesitatetodosthDonthesitatetosayno.3)hesitateindoingsthIhesitatedintellingthetruth.,serve/s:v/1)v.服务，为.效力，接待（顾客）serveas担任HeservedtwotermsasPresident.serveasentence服刑2)(食物)足够.人的份额Thecakecanservetenpeople.Servicen.服务atonesservice为某人效劳servicestation加油站serviceindustry服务业,serve,v.接待(顾客)CanIserveyouinanyway?我能帮你忙吗？,Newwords,Madamn.太太，夫人jeansn.牛仔裤hesitatev.犹豫，迟疑servev.接待（顾客）,adv.轻蔑地,scornfully,scornfully/sk:nfl/adv.轻蔑地Glancingatherscornfully,hetoldherthatthedresswassold.scornv.鄙视scornfuladj.鄙视的，轻蔑的AscornfulsmileAscornfullook,scorn/sk:n/n.鄙视，轻蔑pourscornonsb/sth以鄙夷的口气说到某人某事2)v.鄙视，傲慢的拒绝scornsbsinvitation傲慢的拒绝某人的邀请scornsbsadvice鄙视某人的建议scornsbsoffer拒绝某人的帮助,punish,惩罚punishsb.惩罚某人Theboywaspunishedforbeinglate.这男孩因迟到受到处分。,punish/pn/v.惩罚punishsbforsthTheteacherpunishedhimforcheatingontheexam.givealessontosb教训某人一顿teachsbalesson教训某人一顿punishmentn.惩罚capitalpunishment死刑,fur/f:/n.裘皮，皮毛Acoatoffur=afurcoatMakethefurfly引起争吵，打倒leather皮革feather羽毛,eager,adj.热切的,热情的beeagertodo急欲,渴望做Iameagertodoit.我极想做这件事。,eager/i:/adj.热切的，渴望的1)beeagerforsthWeareeagerforsuccess.2)beeagertodosthTheassistantwaseagertoserveherthistime.,Newwords,Madamn.太太，夫人jeansn.牛仔裤hesitatev.犹豫，迟疑servev.接待（顾客）scornfullyadv.轻蔑地punishv.惩罚furn.裘皮eageradj.热切的，热情的,Enjoythestory,CanIhelpyou,madam?,Findtwowordstodescribethechangeoftheman.,Before.scornfully,After.eager,Whatdoestheword“scornfully”mean？,Whatcausedthechange?,Before.jeans牛仔裤,After.furcoat裘皮大衣,Dialogue（对话）Man:CanIhelpyou,madam(夫人)?Woman:Yes.MayItryonthisdress?Man:Imafraidthatthedresswassold.,Infact,thedressisnotsold.,Thismanlookeddownupon看不起thewoman.,Thismanisreallyasnob(势利眼).,1.Whydidtheshopassistantglanceatthewomanscornfullyandtellherthatthedresswassold?Hedidnotlikethewayshewasdressed.2.Howwasthewomandressedwhenshereturnedtothesameshopthefollowingmorning?Shereturnedtotheshopthefollowingmorningdressedinafurcoat,withahandbaginonehandandalongumbrellaintheother.3.Didthewomangetwhatshewanted?Yes,shedid.,Awomaninjeansstoodatthewindowofanexpensiveshop.1.穿戴小结2.at和in的区别3.expensivecheapmoreexpensive/themostexpensivecheaper/cheapest,dowindowshopping,dowindowshopping,dress,wear,puton,in,with的用法小结1.in是介词，后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。Canyouseethatwomaninthebluecoat?你能看见那个穿蓝外套的女士吗？Heisinablacknylonjackettoday.今天他穿着黑色尼龙夹克。,2.puton“穿上、戴上”，强调“穿”“戴”的动作，后接衣服、鞋帽等。Iwantyoutoputonthiscoatandthishat.我要你穿这件外套，戴这顶帽子。Putonyourheavywintercoatifyouaregoingout.如果你要出去，穿上你的厚冬衣。,3.wear“穿着；戴着”，表示状态，宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。例如：Youdbetterwearblueorblackpantswithbrownshoes.穿棕色鞋子的时候,最好要穿蓝色或黑色裤子。Whydoesheoftenweardarksun-glasses?他为什么经常戴着深色的太阳镜？,4.dress的宾语通常是人，意思是“给穿衣服”1）dressoneself或getdressed表示给自己穿衣服。Mysonisnowabletodresshimself.我儿子现在自己会穿衣服了。Itstimetowakeupandgetdressed!该起床穿衣服了。2）bedressedin的意思是“穿着”，表示状态。Hewasdressedinablacksuit.他穿着一套黑衣服3）dressup的意思是“盛装打扮、乔装打扮”。Idlikeyoutodressupformybirthdaypartytonight.今晚我希望你为我的生日派对打扮打扮。,bedressedindresssbdressoneselfdressup,盛装打扮穿着为自己穿衣服为穿衣服,1.Shewasdressedinblack.2.Motherwoulddressyouwhenyouwereyoung.3.Tomisoldenoughtodresshimself.4.Childrendressupandgototheirneighborshomestoaskforsweets.,thewayshewasdressedTheway后跟定语从句，引导词可用inwhich/that/不填,5.with表示穿戴，只能作定语，而且只能和眼镜、手套等连用，不能接衣服。Theboywiththickglassesisourmonitor.戴深度眼镜那个男孩是我们的班长。with表示某人有某生理特征。Thepolicearelookingforamanwithascaronhisface.警察正在搜寻一个脸上有疤的人。,at和in表示地点的区别1.在表示地点或场所时，一般来讲，较大的地方用in,较小的地方用atTherewerealotofpeopleinthestreet.Iwouldliketoliveinawarmcountry.Helivesat27WestStreet.Illseeyouatthestation.,2.当用at或in来谈论建筑物时，in强调在建筑物里面，at则笼统的指在这个建筑物周围。attherestaurant可以是在餐馆里面，也可以在餐馆附近intherestaurant强调在餐馆里面,Thoughshehesitatedforamoment,shefinallywentinandaskedtoseeadressthatwasinthewindow.1.though引导的让步条件句though译为虽然但是后面不可以加but2.关于moment的词组3.ask的用法,关于moment的词组atthemoment眼下,当前forthemoment暂时,目前atthis/thatmoment在此、那时atthismomentintime此时此刻inamoment立刻、马上foramoment一会儿wait/justamoment稍等一小会儿thelastmoment最后一刻bigmoment大好时机choose/pickyourmoment选择好的时机,ask的用法1.askaboutsth(sb)询问有关某人或某事的情况Sheaskedabouthishealth.她询问他的健康状况。2.askaftersb问候某人(的健康)。Theyallaskafteryou.他们都问候你(的健康)。3.askforsth要求得到某物或要求与某人见面。Heaskedforsomewater.他要些水。,4.asksbforsth向某人要某物或请某人给某物。Theyaskedmeforhelp.他们向我求助。5.asktodosth要求或请求做某事。Heaskedtogoalone.他要求一个人去。6.asksbtodosth请或叫某人做某事。Heaskedustowaitforhimatthegate.他叫我们在门口等他。,Theassistantwhoservedherdidnotlikethewayshewasdressed.like的用法,like的用法1.like+名词/代词表示喜欢某人或某物Shelikesherstudentsverymuch.2.likedoingsth.喜欢做某事Ilikereading.3.liketodosth.喜欢做某事Idontliketoreadthisevening.,Glancingatherscornfully,hetoldherthatthedresswassold.1.分词作状语,分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词1.现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.他出去后将门随手关上。2.过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。Facedwithdifficulties，wemusttrytoovercomethem.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。,3.分词的否定形式就是在分词前加notNothavingheardfromhersonforalongtime,themotherworriedagreatdeal.4.分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致，否则分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构，或独立主格。,Thewomanwalkedoutoftheshopangrilyanddecidedtopunishtheassistantnextday.1.decide的用法,decidev.决定，决心；名词形式为decision1)跟名词或代词Itisthepeoplewhodecidethefateofmankind.决定人类命运的是人民。Thequestionwillbedecidedbythemselves.问题将由他们自己决定。2)跟不定式decidetodosthHedecidedtogiveaone-manshow.他决定唱一段独角戏。,3)跟从句Letsfirstdecidewhereweshouldgo.我们先决定一下到什么地方去。Itisnotdecidedwhetherwewillgothere.还没有决定我们是不是去那儿。4)跟介词短语(跟on或upon,表示“就某事做出决定”)Dontdecideonimportantmatterstooquickly.重要的事情不要匆忙做出决定。,Shereturnedtotheshopthefollowingmorningdressedinafurcoat,withahandbaginonehandandalongumbrellaintheother.1.Thefollowingmorning=thenextmorning,Afterseekingouttherudeassistant,sheaskedforthesamedress.seeksb/sthout=reachout找出，搜寻出seekfor=lookfor=searchforseeksoughtsought,Notrealizingwhoshewas,theassistantwaseagertoserveherthistime.1.Notrealizingwhoshewas分词的否定形式2.beeagertodo热切的做某事,Withgreatdifficulty,heclimbedintotheshopwindowtogetthedress.,Assoonasshesawit,thewomansaidshedidnotlikeit.1.Assoonas,hardlywhen,nosoonerthan的用法,Assoonas,hardlywhen,nosoonerthan1)assoonasA事发生后就做B这件事IllwriteyouassoonasIgetthere.2)nosoonerthan刚做完A这件事就做B这件事Hehadnosoonerreturnedthanheboughtahouse.3)hardlywhen几乎未来得及做完A这件事就做B这件事Hehadhardlyhadtimetosettledownwhenhesoldthehouse.,Sheenjoyedherselfmakingtheassistantbringalmosteverythinginthewindowbeforefinallybuyingthedressshehadfirstaskedfor.1.enjoysbdoingsth开心做某事2.使役动词make,let,have3.程度副词,使役动词make,let,have1）make,let,have后面的动词不定式不加to，即make/have/letsb.dosth.makesb.dosth(含迫使、强迫之意)让某人做某事Icantmakehimchangehismind.Theteachermadetheboywritetheexerciseagain.letsb.dosth.让某人做某事（无强迫之意）Dontlethimpersuadeyou.不要让他把你说服了。Dontletthechildrentouchanythinginthisroomplease.,程度副词的种类1.肯定absolutely,almost,completely,enough,entirely,extremely,fairly,far,just,much,nearly,only,quite,rather,really,so,too,very等。2.否定barely,scarcely,hardly,用正确的介词填空Awoman_jeansstood_thewindowofanexpensiveshop.Thoughshehesitatedforamoment,shefinallywent_andaskedtoseeadressthatwas_thewindow.Glancing_herscornfully,hetoldherthatthedresswassold.Thewomanwalked_theshopangrily._greatdifficulty,heclimbed_theshopwindow.Sheenjoyedherselfmakingtheassistantbringalmosteverything_thewindow.,textCanIhelpyou，madam？Awomanin_stoodatthewindowofan_.Thoughshehesitatedforamoment,shefinally_andaskedtoseeadressthatwas_thewindow.Theassistantwhoservedherdidnotlike_shewasdressed.Glancingatherscornfully,hetoldherthatthedress_.Thewomanwalkedoutoftheshop_anddecidedto_nextday.Shereturnedtotheshopthefollowingmorningdressedinafurcoat,withahandbag_andalongumbrella_.Afterseekingouttherudeassistantsheaskedfor_.Notrealizingwhoshewas,theassistantwaseagertoserveherthistimewithgreatdifficulty,heclimbedinto_togetthedress.Assoonasshesawit,thewomansaidshedidnotlikeit.Sheenjoyedherselfmakingtheassistantbringalmosteverything_beforefinallybuyingthedressshehadfirstaskedfor.,abluejeans,anexpensiveshop,wentin,in,theway,wassold,angrily,Punishtheassistant,inonehand,intheother,thesamedress,theshopwindow,inthewindow,独立主格结构一、独立主格结构的相关概念构成：逻辑主语+逻辑谓语特点：1.用逗号与主句分开；2.逻辑主语与主句主语不同，单独存在。句中位置：句前、句末或句中，位置相当灵活。注意事项：独立主格结构与句子之间不能使用任何连接词。,例：Weatherpermitting,wewillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.如果天气允许的话，我们将在明天组织一次海滨旅游。析：weatherpermitting为独立主格结构，该结构与主句之间用逗号隔开，weather为逻辑主语；permit为逻辑谓语，独立主格结构与主句之间没有任何连接词。初步总结：1.独立主格结构的主语和主句主语肯定不同（例句中的是weather和we）；2.两者之间没有连词连接。（只有两个完整的句子之间用逗号时，才有连词的存在空间。Weatherpermitting本身不是完整的句子，所以不可能用连词。）,独立主格结构的两种类型：1逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）2逻辑主语+（being）+表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）,1.逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）逻辑主语+不定式由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态，在句中常作原因状语，偶尔作条件状语。例：Hismothertocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.他母亲今晚要来，他正在忙着准备晚饭。析：“来”的动作还没有发生，表示将来。逻辑主语+现在分词现在分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语；如果现在分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在现在分词前加上逻辑主语，这便构成了现在分词的独立主格结构，该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和方式状语等例：Theguideleadingtheway,wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。析：lead动作的发出者是theguide，两者构成逻辑上的主谓关系。逻辑主语+过去分词例：Thekeytothebikelost,hehadtowalktoschool.由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行回学校。析：thekey肯定是被人给Lost的，所以两者之间构成动宾关系。,逻辑主语+不定式：表示尚未发生或即将发生的动作。逻辑主语+现在分词：表示动作正在进行。逻辑主语+过去分词：表示被动或者完成意义。,逻辑主语+（being）+表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）英语中常用的还有一类无动词独立主格结构。这种结构往往看做是“名词/代词+being+表语”结构中省略了being，主要有如下几种情况：逻辑主语+名词例：Ireceivedmanygifts,manyofthembooks.我收到很多礼物，其中很多是书籍。逻辑主语+形容词/副词例：Musicover,alltheaudiencestoodupwithfitsofapplause.音乐以结束，所有的观众都站了起来报以热烈的掌声。逻辑主语+介词短语例：Manypeoplewerelinedalongthestreets,flagsinhands.很多人排队站在街道旁，手里拿着旗子。,应避免写分词逻辑主语和句子主语不一致的句子。如:Walkingalongtheroad,anaccidenthappened.Listeningtotheradio,therewasaknockatthedoor.,Walkingalongtheroad,Isawanaccident.()Listeningtotheradio,Iheardaknockatthedoor.(),使用独立主格结构的五点注意当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：Afterclasswasover(=Classbeingover/Classover),thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。2.在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或havingbeen）不能省略：(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。(2)在Therebeing名词的结构中。如：Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。,3.在“名词（或代词）介词短语”构成的独立主格结