新版轮机英语unit9 Operating and maintenance of ME

Lesson9OperationandmaintenanceofmainEngine,理解柴油机的备车、起动和换向了解柴油机的维护,Operatingprocedures,Medium-speedandslow-speeddieselengineswillfollowafairlysimilarprocedure（程序）forstartingandmaneuvering(操纵）.,Wherereversinggearboxesorcontrollable-pitchpropellersareusedthenenginereversingisnotnecessary.,Ageneral（大体的）procedureisnowgivenforengineoperationwhichdetails（详述，详细）themainpointsintheircorrectsequence（序列，程序）.,Whereamanufacturesinstructionbookavailablethisshouldbeconsulted（参考）andused.Consultant顾问,Preparationsforstandby,1.Beforealargedieselisstarteditmustbewarmedthrough（暖机）bycirculatinghotwaterthroughthejackets,etc.etc.etcetra(=andsoon)等等,及其他,Thiswillenablethevariousenginepartstoexpandinrelationtooneanother.Expansiontank,2.Thevarioussupplytanks,filters,valvesanddrainsarealltobechecked.,3.Thelubricatingoilpumpsandcirculatingwaterpumpsarestartedandallthevisiblereturnsshouldbeobserved.,4.Allcontrolequipmentandalarmsshouldbeexaminedforcorrectoperation.,5.Theindicatorcocks(示功考克）areopened,theturninggearengagedandtheengineturnedthroughseveralcompleterevolutions.,Inthiswayanywaterwhichmayhavecollectedinthecylinderswillbeforcedout.,6.Thefueloilsystemischeckedandcirculatedwithhotoil.7.Auxiliaryscavengeblowers,ifmanuallyoperated,shouldbestarted.,8.Theturninggearisremovedandifpossibletheengineshouldbeturnedoveronairbeforeclosingtheindicatorcocks.,9.Theengineisnowavailableforstandby.Thelengthoftimeinvolvedinthesepreparationswilldependupon(由决定）thesizeoftheengine.,Enginestarting,1.Thedirectionhandleispositionedaheadorastern.Thishandlemaybebuiltintothetelegraph（车钟）replylever.,Thecamshaftisthuspositionedrelativetothecrankshafttooperatethevariouscamsforfuelinjection,valveoperation,etc.,2.Themaneuveringhandleismovedto“start”.Thiswilladmitcompressedairintothecylindersinthecorrectsequencetoturntheengineinthedesireddirection.,Aseparateairstartbuttonmaybeused.,3,Whentheenginereachesitsfiringspeedthemaneuveringhandleismovedtotherunningposition.,Fuelisadmittedandthecombustionprocesswillaccelerate(加速）theengineandstartingairadmission（允许进入）willcease.,Enginereversing,Whenrunningatmaneuveringspeeds:1.Wheremanually（手动的）operatedauxiliaryblowersarefittedtheyshouldbestarted.,2,Thefuelsupplyisshutoff（切断）andenginewillquicklyslowdown3.Thedirectionhandleispositionedastern(倒车）.,4.Compressedairisadmittedtotheenginetoturnitintheasterndirection.,5.Whenturningasternundertheactionofcompressedair,fuelwillbeadmitted.,Thecombustionprocesswilltakeoverandairadmissioncease.,Whenrunningatfullspeed:,1,Theauxiliaryblowers,wheremanuallyoperated,shouldbestarted.2,Fuelisshutofffromtheengine.,3,Blasts（一阵，一股）ofcompressedairmaybeusedtoslowtheenginedown.4,Whentheengineisstoppedthedirectionhandleispositionedastern,5,Compressedairisadmittedtoturntheengineasternandfuelisadmittedtoacceleratetheengine.Thecompressedairsupplywillthencease.,Maintenance,Dieselengineareremarkable(非常的）simpleinprinciple（原理，原则）andrequirelittleinthewayofroutine（常规，日常的）maintenance,althoughwhatlittleisrequiredisessentialtoalonglife.,Thenozzles（喷油嘴）oftheengineshouldwhennecessarybefreedfromcoke（积碳）,which,especiallywhenheavyfueloilscontainingasphalt（沥青）areused,maydepositaroundandinthenozzleholes.,Ifthesedepositsbecomesolargethatthesprayingofthefueloilisimpaired（削弱）,thecombustionwillbepoorandtheexhaustsmoky.,Theengineshouldberegularly(有规律的，定期的）cleanedandinspected.Howoftenthisshouldbedone,depends,ofcourse,principally（主要的）ontheworkingconditions,andtheengineerinchargeoftheengineshouldthereforeformanideahimselfofthisguidedbyexperience（经验）andmakeoutaschedule（时间表）ofnecessaryoperations(维修计划）,Thefollowingschedulemaybeusefulasaguide.,Itassumesordinaryrunningconditions,carefulattendanceandtheuseofsuitablelubricatingandfueloils.Afurtherconditionisthattheengineiswellrunin.,Whennecessary:,1.Cleanthenozzles.2.Cleanthelubricatingoilfiltersandseethattheirstrainerinsertsarefreefromdefects（缺损）.,3.Thelubricantnipples（滑油嘴）ofthescavengingpump-fittedateachvalveshaftbearingandatthebearingandcatchdeviceofthemaneuveringsegmentarelubricatedwithgrease（润滑脂）fromtimetotime.,Someofthelubricantnipplesarelocatedundertheprotectingcap.(Doesnotconcern（涉及，关系到）turbochargedengines),Afterabout300hoursrunning:1.Cleanthefueloilfiltersandseethattheirstrainerinsertsarefreefromdefects2.Cleantheairintake（入口）strainer.,3,Checkthetightening（紧固，上紧）ofthestaybolt（撑杆螺栓）nutsfirsttime（首先）andafterwards（然后）onceyearly.,4.Lubricantionofthelubricatingnipplesonthecontrolboard(whensuchoccur).,Afterabout2000hoursrunning:1.Inspectthestartingandsafetyvalves,2.Removeandcleantheworkingpistons.Checkthecompressionchamberandmeasurethecylinderliners.,Replacewornpistonandscraperrings(刮油环）.Whenrenewingpistonrings,placetheminthelowergrooves.,3.Cleanthescavengingandexhaustports.(Note:Underunfavorable不利的workingconditionsifthefueloilused,isofapoorerquality,amoreregularcleaningofpistons,scavengingandexhaustportsmaybenecessary.),4.Inspecttheringpistonblower.Dismountthechargevalvesorvalvecoversandinspectingcovers.,Checkthepiston“slackness”（松紧度）andtheminimumdistancebetweenpistonwings（活塞边缘）andthepartitionwalls（隔板）.,Checktheouterradialclearance（外径向间隙）betweenpistonandhousing.(Doesnotconcernturbochargedengines).,5,Inspecttheelastic（弹性的）coupling（连接器）rubberbushes(Doesnotconcernturbochargedengines).,Afterabout4000hoursrunning:1.Atplants（动力装置）havinglubricatingoiltanks,drainandcleanthetanksthusfullwithfreshorproperly（适当的，完全的）cleanedoil.,Engineswith“wetsump”mustbesubjectedto（使遭受）cleaningandreplacementofoilwhennecessary.,Forallplants,morefrequentcleaningandreplacementofoilisnecessarywhentheengineisnew.,2,Checkthecrankshaftanditsalignment（对中性，同轴性）inthebearings.,3,Inspecttheringspistonblower.Dismountthepiston.Checktheradialandaxialclearancesandthe“slackness”ofthepiston.Dismount拆卸，mount安装,Checkthemin,distancebetweenthewingsandthepartitionwalls.Checkthegearwheels（齿轮），thebearingsandthebearingsclearances.(Doesnotconcernturbochargedengines).,4,Dismountandinspecttheelasticcou