新编大学实用英语课件

UNIT8,Nature,PART1ListeningandSpeakingListeningandSpeakingPART2ReadingTextARaindrop,SnowflakeTextBWhatCanYouDoAboutGlobalWarmingTextCTVForecastPlaystheHeroPART3Grammar状语从句(AdverbialClauses),PART4Translation复习（Revision）PART5WritingE-mailsPART6EnjoyYourselfTheDayAfterTomorrow,Objectives,talkaboutweatherinsimpleEnglish.usesentencestructuresinthetwotextsandsummarizethemainideaofthepassages.useadverbialclausesingivencontexts.writeane-mailmessageinsimpleEnglish.,Objectives,Afterstudyingthisunit,thestudentsareexpectedtobeableto,WatercycleMeteorologistsHumanbehaviorseffectonclimatechange,Backgroundknowledge,WatercycleTheearthhasalimitedamountofwater.Thatwaterkeepsgoingaroundandaroundandaroundandaroundand(well,yougettheidea)inwhatwecallthe“WaterCycle”.Thiscycleismadeupofafewmainparts:evaporation(andtranspiration)condensationprecipitationCollection,Backgroundknowledge,Evaporationiswhenthesunheatsupwaterinriversorlakesortheoceanandturnsitintovapororsteam.Thewatervapororsteamleavestheriver,lakeoroceanandgoesintotheair.CondensationWatervaporintheairgetscoldandchangesbackintoliquid,formingclouds.Thisiscalledcondensation.Precipitationoccurswhensomuchwaterhascondensedthattheaircannotholditanymore.Thecloudsgetheavyandwaterfallsbacktotheearthintheformofrain,hail,sleetorsnow.CollectionWhenwaterfallsbacktoearthasprecipitation,itmayfallbackintheoceans,lakesorriversoritmayenduponland.Whenitendsuponland,itwilleithersoakintotheearthandbecomepartofthe“groundwater”thatplantsandanimalsusetodrinkoritmayrunoverthesoilandcollectintheoceans,lakesorriverswherethecyclestarts,Backgroundknowledge,MeteorologistsAmeteorologistisanindividualwithspecializededucationwhousesscientificprinciplestoexplain,understand,observeorforecasttheearthsatmosphericphenomenaand/orhowtheatmosphereaffectstheearthandlifeontheplanet.,Backgroundknowledge,TypesofMeteorologistsBroadcastMeteorologists:Thesefolksarethepeoplewhointerpretandreporttheweatherfortelevision.ResearchMeteorologists:ManyofthesescientistsworkfortheNationalWeatherServiceorothergovernmentagency.NASA,theEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,andthemilitary.TeachersandProfessors:Manypeopleusetheirknowledgeoftheatmosphereandmeteorologytobecomeeducators.ForensicMeteorologists:Thistypeofmeteorologistwillofteninvestigateclaimsforinsurancecompaniesonpastweatherorresearchweatherforacourtoflaw.ConsultingMeteorologists:Largecompaniesnowhiremeteorologistsforconsultationwork,Backgroundknowledge,ClimateMeteorologists:Thistypeofmeteorologistlooksatlong-termweatherpatternsanddatatohelppredictfutureclimatetrendsandpastclimatedata.ArchiveMeteorologists:Manyweatherscientistswillalsobeinchargeofresearching,verifying,andreportingonstormsofthepast.Andthelistcouldgoonan,Backgroundknowledge,HumanbehaviorseffectonclimatechangeClimatechangeandenvironmentaldeclinearelargelytheresultofhumanbehavior.Theseproblemshaveacceleratedinrecentdecadesasweveconsumedevermorescarceresources,includingoil,coal,metals,andwater,tocreateevermoreproductstoliveinourhomes,workinourbusiness,andaccumulatethings.Ittookmorethan20yearstobroadlyacceptthatmankindiscausingglobalwarmingwiththeemissionofgreenhousegases.ThedrasticincreaseintheemissionofCO2(carbondioxide)withinthelast30yearscausedbyburningfossilfuelshasbeenidentifiedasthemajorreasonforthechangeoftemperatureintheatmosphere.,Backgroundknowledge,Morethan80%oftheworld-wideenergydemandiscurrentlysuppliedbythefossilfuelscoal,oilorgas.Itwillbeimpossibletofindalternativesources,whichcouldreplacefossilfuelsintheshortormediumterm.Theenergydemandissimplytoohigh.Anotherissueisthenon-renewablecharacteristicoffossilfuels:Ittooknaturemillionsofyearstogeneratetheseresources,howeverwewillhaveusedthemupwithinthenextdecades.Alonetheshrinkingsupplywillnotmakeitpossibletocontinueasusualforalongertime.ThemaincauseofglobalwarmingisourtreatmentofNature.Theultimateglobalwarmingsolutionsistobehaveaspartofalargerwhole.Itsyourpersonaldecisionwhetheryouwanttobethecauseofglobalwarming.,Backgroundknowledge,SuggestionsforteachersWeatherOralPracticeFunctional-sentenceBankCultureTips,ListeningandSpeaking,SuggestionsforteachersListening:Talkingaboutweatherisacommonindailyconversation.Peoplealsouseittobreaktheicewhentalkingtostrangers.Studentsarefamiliartothiskindoftalk.Buttheirconversationislimitedbytheirvocabulary.Teachermayhelpstudentsbroadentheirvocabularystorageaboutweatherefficiently,becausethefrequencyofwordsusedinweatherreportishigh.Speaking:Firstlyhelpstudentsgetfamiliarwithsomeofthefunctionalsentencesusedintheconversationonweather.Thenleadthemtotalkaboutweather,climateandcircumstances.Helpstudentslearnhowtoshareinformationandhowtochatfreely.,ListeningandSpeaking,ListeningandSpeaking,ListeningPracticeSectionAShortConversationsSectionBSituationalDialogues,ListeningandSpeaking,Directions:Youwillhearashortconversationinthissection.Theconversationwillbespokentwice.Listencarefullyanddotheexercises.Task1ListentotheConversation1andanswerthefollowingquestions,1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?Itprobablytakesplaceatschool.2.WheredidNataliegolastnight?Nataliewenttoapartylastnight.3.WhydidntLarrygotothepartylastnight?Larrydidntgobecausehewasill.4.WhatdidNataliesuggesttheydothatafternoon?Nataliesuggestedthattheyshouldgooutforawalk.5.Whatwastheweatherlikelastwinter?Itwasverycoldlastwinter.,ListeningandSpeaking,ListeningScriptNatalie:Hi,Larry!Whydidntyougotothepartylastnight?Larry:Becauseitwassocoldandwindy.Natalie:Thatstoobad!Itwasareallygoodparty.Hey,whydontwegoforawalkafterschoolthisafternoon,Larry?Wecanenjoyalotofsunshine,then.Larry:Goforawalk?Butitssocoldout.Natalie:Whatsthetemperature?Larry:About12Natalie:12?Thatsnotcold.Justwaituntilwinter.Larry:Why?Natalie:Wellitsnowsalotandsometimesitsverycold.Lastwinteritwas10degreesbelowzeroforalmostonemonth!Anditwasverydry,too.Larry:Thatsoundsawful!Natalie:Itwasntallthatbad.Thesunwasoutalmosteveryday,ListeningandSpeaking,Directions:Youwillheartwosituationaldialoguesinthissection.Eachdialoguewillbespokentwice.Listencarefullyanddotheexercises.Task1ListentoDialogue1anddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1.Theconversationtookplaceinashop.(F)2.Bothofthespeakerswerewaitingforabus.(T)3.Thegirlhadbeenwaitingforthebusforabout10minutes.(T)4.TheywereinthecityofDetroit.(F)5.Theydidntspeakwelloftheweatherforecast.(T),ListeningandSpeaking,ListeningScriptLarrymetNatalieonthewaytowork.Theyweretalkingabouttheweatherreportthatday.Natalie:Oh,Iwishthatbuswouldcome!Myfeetarefreezing!Larry:Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?Natalie:ItfeelslikehoursbutIsupposeIveonlybeenherefortenminutesorso.Larry:Thatslongenoughinthisawfulweather.Natalie:Thismorningthesunwasshiningandtheypredictedlightrain.Larry:WehadthesamethinginDetroitlastyear.Weweresupposedtogetalittlerainonenight,butwhenwewokeup,guesswhat?Thereweresixinchesofsnowontheground,anditwasstillcomingdownhard.Natalie:Thatstypical.,ListeningandSpeaking,Task2ListentoDialogue2tofinishthestatementsbymatchingColumnAwithColumnB.ColumnAColumnB,ListeningandSpeaking,ListeningScriptJames:Imwonderingifitisgoingtobefinetomorrow.Anna:Sowhat?James:Tomorrowspicnic.Butlookatthefog.Youcanonlyseewithinashortdistance.Anna:Butdontyouseethewindisbeginningtoliftitup？Ibetitwillbefinetomorrow.James:Dontbesosure.Anna:Youveheardthemorningweatherforecast,haventyou?James:ThatswhyIworry.,ListeningandSpeaking,ListeningpassageDirections:Inthissectionyouwillheararecordedshortpassagewithsomewordsorphrasesmissing.Thepassagewillbereadthreetimes.Pleasewritedownthemissingwordsorphrasesaccordingtowhatyouhear.Sichuanhasamildclimate,butitsstillveryhotinsummerandverycoldinwinter.Infact,inwinterthetemperatureoftendropstobelowzero,andinsummeritgoesuptoabovethirty-threedegrees.MyfavouriteseasoninSichuanisautumn.Theairiscoolandclear,andtheskyisblue.Inwinter,itseldomsnows.Childrenwillbeveryexcitedifitdoes.TheweatherstartstogetwarminFebruarybutspringweatherinSichuanoftenchanges,OralPractice,Directions:Playingaroleasaweatherpresenter,readthefollowingweatherreportfluently.1.TherewillbeoccasionalshowersinsoutheastEngland,someofthemperhapsheavy.2.Saturdaywillbeacloudierdaywithoutbreaksofmainlylightraininwesternareas,spreadingslowlyeastwards,thoughmanycentralandeasternareasshouldremaindry.3.ItwillbemildWednesdaywithashowerinspots.Thursdaywillbethetransitiondaywiththehighinthemid-40s.4.DaytimetemperaturesFridaythroughMondaywillonlybeinthelow30s,about5to6degreesbelownormalforthistimeofyear.Windswillpickupandthetemperaturewillbeinthemid-20s.,OralPractice,OralPractice,Activity1Activity2,OralPractice,Directions:Workinpairs.Supposeyouandyourfriendaretalkingaboutweatheratyourhometown.Studythesituationaldialoguescarefullyandimitatetheirtheme,sentencepatternsandstylestryingtousethefollowingsentencepatterns.Whatstheweatherliketoday/atyourhometown?Whatsthetemperature?Itsdegree.Whatstheforecast?,OralPractice,Directions:Workinpairs.Pleasemakeupyourowndialoguesbasedonthefollowingsituations,andyoumayrefertothesentencesinFunctional-sentenceBank.Task1Directions:Youandyourfriendsaretalkingabouttodaysweather.Itmayberainy,cloudy,mild,overcast,etc.Task2Directions:Youwanttogooutforapicnic,butyoudidnotlistentotheweatherreport.Callyourfriendandaskhim/herabouttheweatherreport.Task3Directions:Yousetupasituationofyourownwithyourpartnerandmakeupadialogue.,Functional-sentenceBank,1.Questions：Whatstheweatherlikeinyourhometown?你家乡的气候如何？Responses：Itshotanddry.既炎热又干燥。Itswarmandwet.温暖而潮湿。2.Questions：Niceday,isntit?天气真好，不是吗？Responses：Yes,marvelous.是啊，太好了。3.Questions：Whichisthebest/yourfavoriteseason?你最喜欢的季节是哪个？Responses：Ilikeautumnbest.我最喜欢秋季。,4.Questions：Whatstheweatherlikeinspring?春天的天气是怎样的？Responses：Itswarmandhumid.温暖而湿润。5.Questions：Whatsthetemperature?气温是多少度？Responses：Its10degreesbelowzero.零下10度。,Functional-sentenceBank,Questions：Whatsthehighesttemperature?最高气温多少度？Responses1：Thehighesttemperatureis.最高气温是Itmaygoupto.最高气温可能上升到Itmayreach.气温可能高达Responses2：above40degrees.40度以上。,Functional-sentenceBank,Functional-sentenceBank,Questions：Whatsthelowesttemperature?最低气温多少度？Responses1：Thelowesttemperatureis.最低气温是Itmaydropto.气温可能降至Responses2：10degreesbelowzero.零下10度。minus10degrees.零下10度。,Functional-sentenceBank,1.Questions：Whatstheweatherlikeinyourhometown?你家乡的气候如何？Responses：Itshotanddry.既炎热又干燥。Itswarmandwet.温暖而潮湿。2.Questions：Niceday,isntit?天气真好，不是吗？Responses：Yes,marvelous.是啊，太好了。3.Questions：Whichisthebest/yourfavoriteseason?你最喜欢的季节是哪个？Responses：Ilikeautumnbest.我最喜欢秋季。,Functional-sentenceBank,4.Questions：Whatstheweatherlikeinspring?春天的天气是怎样的？Responses：Itswarmandhumid.温暖而湿润。5.Questions：Whatsthetemperature?气温是多少度？Responses：Its10degreesbelowzero.零下10度。,Functional-sentenceBank,Questions：Whatsthehighesttemperature?最高气温多少度？Responses1：Thehighesttemperatureis.最高气温是Itmaygoupto.最高气温可能上升到Itmayreach.气温可能高达Responses2：above40degrees.40度以上。,Functional-sentenceBank,Questions：Whatsthelowesttemperature?最低气温多少度？Responses1：Thelowesttemperatureis.最低气温是Itmaydropto.气温可能降至Responses2：10degreesbelowzero.零下10度。minus10degrees.零下10度。,Reading,Suggestionforteachers:Someexercisesaredesignedforstudentstofinishafterclass,e.g.Activity3-5.Someexercisesaretobedoneinclass,e.g.Activity1,2.AsforActivity5,justletstudentsdoit.Teacherjustgivesstudentssomecommentstoencouragethemtodiscussandexpressthemselvesinsteadofinterruptingthemandcorrectingtheirmistakes.,Reading,TextARaindrop,SnowflakeSuggestionsforteachersBeforestudentsreadthereading,teachermayaskthemsomequestionsleadingthemtothinkaboutwhattheycouldnotdojustontheirown.Whenstudentsbegintostudythetext,theyshouldknowtheprocedureofawaterdropbecomingasnowflake,whichispartofthewatercycle.Watercycleistheknowledgethatthewholestoryisbasedon.Whatwillthewaterdropexperienceduringthisprocedure?Afterreadingthetext,letstudentanalyzewhatthedifferencesarebetweenthelasttimethatthewaterdropmadesnowandtheprevioustimes?,Reading,TextARaindrop,SnowflakePre-readingtask:discussthefollowingquestions1.Howmuchdoyouknowabouttheweather?2.Doyouknowwhatwatercycleis?3.Doyouknowhowthesnowflakeforms?,ReadingTEXTA,对照课本听听力,Reading,TextARaindrop,SnowflakeOnceuponatimetherewasalittledropofwaterwhodreamedofbecomingasnowflakeandturningthelandscapewhite.Yearspassed,andthentherewasagreatdroughtwhichevaporatedthelittledropfromthelakewherehelived.Whenhereachedthesky,hebecamepartofasmallcloud.Assoonastheweatherturnedcold,thelittledroplookedforanicebitofcountrysidewherehecouldfall,andhelpcovertheplaceinsnow.参考译文：很久以前有一个小水滴，他梦想变成雪花，覆盖大地。很多年过去了，一场严重的干旱把小水滴从他所居住的湖泊里蒸发出来。当他到达天空时，他成为了一小片云的一部分。天气一变冷，小雨点就去寻找他可以降落的美丽乡村，然后用白雪将那里覆盖。,Reading,TextARaindrop,Snowflake句子解析：1.Onceuponatimetherewasalittledropofwaterwhodreamedofbecomingasnowflakeandturningthelandscapewhite.词组：onceuponatime很久以前,dreamof梦想主句：therewasalittledropofwater。who引导的是限制性定语从句，用于介绍这是一个怎样的小水滴。Who指代alittledropofwater,在从句里其谓语部分为dreamedofbecoming.andturning.。,Reading,TextARaindrop,Snowflake句子解析：2.Therewasagreatdroughtwhichevaporatedthelittledropfromthelakewherehelived.主句：therewasagreatdrought.定语从句：whichevaporatedthelittledropfromthelake.在该从句中wherehelived是定语从句，修饰lake.3.Assoonastheweatherturnedcold,thelittledroplookedforanicebitofcountrysidewherehecouldfall,andhelpcovertheplaceinsnow.主句部分：thelittledroplookedfor.，andhelp.从句部分：wherehecouldfall,限制性定语从句，用于修饰countryside,Reading,TextARaindrop,SnowflakeButonlyalittlebitofsnowfell,andassoonasittouchedtheground,itmelted.Andtherethelittledrophadtoremain,waitingforthesunsraystoshineagain,andsendhimbackuptotheclouds.Whenthesunshone,thelittledropwentuponcemore,turnedtosnowagain,anddownhefell.Again,justafterlanding,hemelted.参考译文：但只下了一点雪，并且雪花一落到地面，就融化了。小水滴只好留在地面，等待阳光再次照耀，把他送回到云朵里。当太阳照耀大地时，小水滴又一次升上天空，又变成了雪，再次落了下来。落到地上后，他再一次融化成小水滴,Reading,TextARaindrop,Snowflake句子解析：Andtherethelittledrophadtoremain,waitingforthesunsraystoshineagain,andsendhimbackuptotheclouds.主句部分：thelittledrophadtoremainthere.There提前，主谓倒装，用于强调there。非谓语动词部分：waitingforthesunsraystoshineagain,andsendhimbackuptotheclouds.Waitingforthesuntoshine.andsend.现在分词短语用作伴随状语。其中toshineandsend作为宾补，补充说明等待太阳去做的事情。,Reading,TextARaindrop,SnowflakeThishappenedseveraltimes.Finally,thelittledropwentandjoinedagreatbigcloud,wheremillionsofotherdropshadcrowdedtogether.Despitebeinggigantic,conditionsinthatcloudwereratheruncomfortable.Afewofthedropswereorderingeveryoneelsearound,makingthemsquashuptogether,amidagreatracket.参考译文：这样的过程又反复了几次。最后，小水滴加入到一个巨大的云朵里，那里有上百万的小水滴挤在一起。尽管云朵特别的大，但云朵内部的环境并不舒服。在一片嘈杂声中，几个水滴正在对周围的其他水滴发布命令让他们挤成团。,Reading,TextARaindrop,Snowflake句子解析：1.Finally,thelittledropwentandjoinedagreatbigcloud,wheremillionsofotherdropshadcrowdedtogether.Where.引导的是非限制定语从句。2.Afewofthedropswereorderingeveryoneelsearound,makingthemsquashuptogether,amidagreatracket.making.是现在分词短语做伴随状语。amidagreatracket介词短语描述了当时的状况。例如：Thefirstwashercolleagueinapanic,lookingforananswertoanurgentquestion.第一封是一位恐慌的同事发过来的，向她救助一个非常紧急的问题,Reading,TextARaindrop,Snowflake“Biggestdropsatthebottom!Smallestdropsatthetop!Comeon,comeon!Theresnotimetowaste.”参考译文：“个头最大的呆在最底下！个头最小的在最上面！快，快点！别浪费时间了!”,Reading,TextARaindrop,SnowflakeOurlittledropwasntkeenonallthis,andheconsideredfallingdowntoEarthagain,butanice,friendlydropnexttohimmanagedtotalkhimoutofit.参考译文：我们的小水滴并不喜欢这一切，他想要再次降落到地面上，但他旁边一个善良友好的水滴劝说他放弃这个想法。句子解析：Ourlittledropwasntkeenonallthis中的this指代上一句所描述的上百万小水滴拥挤在一起的情况。,Reading,TextARaindrop,Snowflake“Whereareyougoing?!Youdontwanttotakepart?”参考译文：“你想去哪儿？你不想参加吗？”Seeinghowsurprisedourlittledroplooked,thefriendlydropexplainedtheywerepreparingforabigsnowfall.参考译文：看到我们的小水滴吃惊的样子，这位友善的水滴解释说他们正在准备下一场大雪。句子解析：Seeing.现在分词短语作伴随状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语thefriendlydrop.,Reading,TextARaindrop,Snowflake“Allofusherelovebeingsnow,andcoveringthelandfordays;thatswhyweveallgatheredtogetherhere.YearsagoIwouldtrydoingitonmyown,butIlearnedIcouldntmanageitwithouthelp.Ifoundthisnicecloud,whereweallhelpeachotheralittle.Andthankstoourteamwork,wevemadesomeofthebestsnowfallsever!”参考译文：“这儿所有的水滴都喜欢变成雪，覆盖大地；那就是我们聚集在这儿的原因。几年前我尝试着靠自己的力量去做这件事，但我认识到没有大家的帮助我无法做到。我找到这块漂亮的云，在这里我们互相帮助。多亏了我们的团队合作，我们完成了几次前所未有的大雪。”,Reading,TextARaindrop,Snowflake句子解析：1.Ifoundthisnicecloud,whereweallhelpeachotheralittle.,where.引导的非限制定语从句，用来修饰thisnicecloud.2.thankstoourteamwork,wevemadesomeofthebestsnowfallsever!”thanksto由于，幸亏（to是介词）,Reading,TextARaindrop,SnowflakeAlittlelater,bothdropswereflyingdownthroughtheskyassnowflakes,surroundedbymillionsandmillionsofotherflakes,turningthegreenfieldswhite.参考译文：不久，两个水滴变成雪花从天空中飘落，上百万的雪花在他们周围飞舞，把绿色的田野变成了一片洁白。句子解析：主句部分：bothdropswereflyingdown.非谓语动词短语：surrounded.过去分词短语表示被动，被围绕着。turning.现在分词短语表示同步进行的动作，做伴随状语。,Reading,TextARaindrop,SnowflakeAndwithgreatjoy,ourlittledroprealizedthatwheneveryoneworkedtogethertheycouldachievewhathadatfirstseemedimpossible.参考译文：我们的小水滴非常高兴，他终于认识到当大家一起努力时，他们就能够完成一开始看似不可能的事情。句子解析：Withgreatjoy伴随状语；realized后面是由that引导的宾语从句：wheneveryoneworkedtogethertheycouldachievewhathadatfirstseemedimpossible。在这个从句中还有从句。其中achieve后是由what引导的宾语从句。,Reading,TextARaindrop,SnowflakeNewwords1.snowflakesnflekn.雪花；雪片e.g.Thesebeautifulsnowflakesdecoratedtheworld.美丽的雪花装点着世界。2.landscapelndskepn.山水;风景3.droughtdratn.干旱4.evaporatevpretv.蒸发；消失e.g.Ifyouheatthewater,itwillevaporate.你要是把水加热，水会蒸发。evaporationi,vpreinn.蒸发e.g.Evaporationisasignificantenvironmentalpathway.蒸发作用是一个重要的环境途径。,Reading,TextARaindrop,SnowflakeNewwords6.conditionkndnn.条件；情况e.g.Ihadhalfwaydecidedtoaccepttheirconditionsatthattime.当时我已差不多决定要接受他们的条件了。e.g.Jimmiehadbutavagueideaofworldconditionsnow.杰米对当今世界情况只有一点模糊的了解v.训练e.g.Iconditionedthedogtobarkatstrangers.我训练这只狗对陌生人吠叫。e.g.Mostpeoplehavebeenconditionedtoacceptwhattheyseeontelevision.大多数人已被训练得会接受电视里看到的东西。conditionalkndnladj.有条件的,Reading,TextARaindrop,SnowflakeNewwords7.uncomfortablenkmftbladj.不舒服的；不自在的e.g.Womenalwayswearuncomfortableshoes.可是女人们总是穿不舒服的鞋子。e.g.Ihaveanuncomfortablefeelingdeepinmythroat.喉咙底部有不舒服的感觉。e.g.Imuncomfortablebeingintroducedtoanewperson.你会觉得给别人介绍你才去的时候有不自在的感觉吗？comfortablekmftbladj舒服的,Reading,TextARaindrop,SnowflakeNewwords8.squashskwv.变扁；挤进e.g.Dontsitonmyhatoryoullsquashit!别坐在我的礼帽上，你会把帽子压扁了！e.g.The