高一英语状语从句和名词性从句的功能、用法及表达的意义人教版知识精讲VIP

高一英语高一英语状语从句和名词性从句的功能、用法及表达的意义状语从句和名词性从句的功能、用法及表达的意义人教人教 版版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 1. 掌握状语从句和名词性从句的功能，用法及表达的意义。 2. 掌握状语从句中的时态搭配。 （一）状语从句的作用。 在将状语从句之前，我们先要弄清楚什么是状语。状语就是在一句话中，表达 该句的时间，地点，方式，原因，条件等的成分。 如：I usually get up at ten. He is playing at school happily. He goes to school by bus. I am late, because the traffic is quite heavy. 状语从句，顾名思义是做状语的从句，那么它就相当于一个状语，也就是说， 它可以与其他状语（如副词状语，介词状语等）在语法上互换。 如：I usually get up at eight. I usually get up after my mother calls me. He was watching TV at home at eight last night. He was watching TV at home when I arrived. He was doing his homework in the classroom. He was doing his homework where I met him. （二）状语从句的用法。 1. 时间状语从句。时间状语从句做主句的时间状语，表示“当时，在时， 在之前/之后，直到才，一就，等” （连词：when, while, as, before, after, until/till, as soon as, the moment, directly, immediately, instantly 等） 如：When I got home, my mum was cooking. He got home while his mum was cooking. Lucy will look after my dog while I am away. As he walked along the street, he sang and danced. Please post the letter for me as you are at the post office. He went away after he locked the door. You can see nothing after the lights go out. He will call me before he leaves. Dont go across the street until/till the light turns green. He began to do his homework as soon as/immediately/instantly/ directly he got home. He will begin to do his homework as soon as/immediately/instantly/ directly he gets home. 2. 条件状语从句。做一句话的条件状语，如“如果，只要，除非” （连词：if, as/so long as, unless） 如：If you want to go there, I will follow you. You will pass the exam as long as you work hard. You wont pass the exam unless you study hard. （三）状语从句与主句的时态搭配。状语从句与主句的时态搭配主要有两种：“时 态一致”和“主将从现” 1.“时态一致”是指主从句的时态一致，注意是“一致”而不是“一样” ，这一 点与前面提到的宾语从句的“时态一致”相同，是指主句与从句的时态属于同一时 间范畴。属于同一范畴的时态搭配主要有： 一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时和现在完成时； 一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时和过去完成时。 如：When his mother wakes him up, he is always complaining about everything. As he crossed the road, he saw a small mouse following him. After he closed the window, he began to sing songs. 2.“主将从现”是指当主从句都有将来的意味时，主句用将来（包括将来时、祈 使句和情态动词的句式） ，从句用一般现在时。 如：He will follow me if he comes. I wont come until he calls me. You cant go until the traffic lights turn red. He neednt return home if his father comes. Please bring me the book when you come here. Dont go stay here if you smoke. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 3. 地点状语从句。地点状语从句做主句的地点状语，表示主句所描述的事情 “发生在等” （连词：where, wherever） 如：He was playing basketball where his father did many years ago. I will go wherever you go. Dont smoke where nobody smokes. 4. 让步状语从句。表示让步的语气，相当于汉语里的“即使” ， “无论” ， “无论 是否” 等，常用的词主要有 though, although, no matter, ever, whether, as 等。 如：Though he studied very hard, he still failed in the exam. Although his voice is beautiful, he cant sing today because of the cold. Whatever/No matter what you like, he will buy it for you. Whoever/No matter who goes there, you must report to me. Whichever/No matter which book you choose, you will not regret. Wherever/No matter where you go, I will follow you. Whenever/No matter when he comes, give me a call. However/No matter how hard he studied, he still couldnt pass the exam. Whether you go there（or not）, you must let me know. Clever as he was, he made the same mistake again. Try as he would, he was a little upset. Student as he was, he often broke the rules. 5. 原因状语从句。解释主句的原因，表示“因为” ， “正因为” ， “既然” ，常 用的连词有 because, for, as, since。 如：He was late yesterday, because the traffic was bad. He doesnt want to go to school, because he is ill. It must be raining heavily now, for its making so much noise. He must be in his room, for I saw him enter it just now. As people can not live without water, we must take good care of the water resource. As he is a teacher, he must know what is good for the students and what is bad. As the wind became stronger, he slowed down. Since everybody is here, lets go. Dont let him go to school, since he is ill. 6. 目的状语从句。做主句的目的状语，相当于汉语中的“以便于” ， “为 了”等，常用的连词主要有 so, that, so that, in order that。 如：He got up early so he could catch the train. He came to school early that he might clean the classroom before class. He didnt go out so that nobody could find him. He speaks very loudly in order that the teacher can hear him. 7. 结果状语从句。结果状语从句做主句的结果状语，表示主句所描述的事情有 何结果，相当于汉语中的“结果” ， “如此以至于” （连词：so, so that, sothat, suchthat等） 如：He got up late, so he didnt get to school on time. He got up very early so that he caught the early bus. The water in this river is so dirty that they cant drink it. He has such a big house that he can invite as many guests as he wants. He has so big a house that he can invite as many guests as he wants. 8. 方式或比较状语从句。做主句的方式状语，修饰主句是如何发生的，表示“ 比” ， “和一样” ， “好像” ， “按照” ， “正如” ， “越，越” 常用的连词有 than, so/asas, as, the more, the more。 如：He runs faster than I do. The river here is clearer than the one near my home. The water in this river is clearer than that in that river. The people here are more friendly than those there. He does as well in English as I do. He has as big a house as I have. The cars need gas(汽油) as we need food. Do your homework as I said/I told you/I did/you like. Come back as soon as you can/possible. The older you are, the more things you will think about. The harder you study, the higher your marks will be. （四）名词性从句 1. 主语从句。做主语的从语，做一句话的主语，连词主要有“that, whether 和所有疑问词” ，与宾语从句的句式基本相同。 如：That he won the race made us very happy. When he will come is still a question. Whether he will agree or not is still a question. Wherever he wants to go doesnt matter. It is good that you can help me. 2. 表语从句。做表语的从句，做一句话的表语，连词和主语从句相同，与宾语 从句相似 如：The question is whether we can arrive there on time. That is what they are selling in the shops. The news is that our team won the football game. He looked as if he would help us. 3. 主语从句和表语从句与宾语从句和让步状语从句的区别。 主语从句和表语从句的构成是相同的，但是他们俩与宾语从句有一些细微的差 别。具体表现为：表示一般疑问式的连词前两者只能用 whether，而宾语从句可用 whether 或 if；而当表示“无论”时，让步状语从句可用 whever 和 no matter wh，而前三者只能用 whever 的形式。 试比较如： The question is whether we can win. Whether we can win is a question. We dont know whether/if she will come. No matter when/Whenever you go, please turn the lights off. No matter how/However hard he studies, he cant pass the exam. Whenever he will come doesnt make me worry. However hard he studies doesnt mean he will pass the exam. 4. 同位语从句。放在一个名词后面做同位语的从句。即同位语从句前面必须要 有一个名词，这样的名词主要有：idea, news fact, promise, answer, question, belief, condition, doubt, fear, hope, wish, problem, proof, reply, report, suggestion, thought, truth 等等。 如：The idea that the earth is round is widely accepted. I have no idea where he has gone. Under the condition that he has no money, how can he get back? The suggestion that a new building be built is being discussed. 【典型例题分析】 例 1 He doesnt want to be late any more, _ he gets up very early. A. such B. so C. as D. in order that （答案为 B，由题意，本句的句意表示结果，故选 so） 例 2 He still lives there _ she can find him easily after she comes back after so many years. A. because B. so that C. for D. as （答案为 B，根据句意，本句表示目的，故用 so that） 例 3 He came home very late _ his parents would not know what happened to him. A. in order that B. because C. as D. for （答案为 A，目的状语从句，表示“为了，以便于”故 A 符合题意） 例 4 He has _ many questions _ his teacher doesnt have time to answer them A. such, that B. so, that C. the more, the more D. as, as （答案为 B，根据题意，本句表示“如此以至于” ，故选 B） 例 5 The _ you work, the _ you will get. A. hard, much B. hard, more C. harder, much D. harder, more （答案为 D，由题意可知，本句表示“越越”故选用比较级） 例 6 Dont do your homework like that, do it _. A. as me B. like I C. as I told you D. as you like （答案为 C，本句表示“按照” ，故选 C） 例 7 Young teacher _ he is, he teaches well. A. so B. as C. that D. such （答案为 B，此句为 as 引导的让步状语从句，故选 B） 例 8 The population of Tianjin is much smaller than _. A. Beijing B. in Beijing C. that in Beijing D. that of Beijing （答案为 D，比较级的前后对称） 例 9 You can only be able to get good marks _. A. while you are doing your homework by yourself B. if you do some revision every day C. before you begin to study hard D. until you follow your teachers advice （答案为 B，only if 词组） 例 10 Turn off the lights _ he has finished drawing. A. if B. after C. until D. while （答案为 B，时间状语从句） 例 11 I will take you to Paris _ you have recovered. A. immediately B. when C. as D. while （答案为 A，as soon as 同义词 immediately, instantly, directly） 例 12 _ he is, he never forget to telephone his mother. A. Where B. Wherever C. Whether D. No matter （答案为 B，首先本句缺少状语连词，而根据题意，只有 B 符合题意） 例 13 _ he wants to see me or not, I will ask him for money. A. Where B. Wherever C. Whether D. If （答案为 C，根据题意，本句表示无论是否的意义，故选 C） 例 14 _ you work, you will not succeed(成功), because you dont have the right way. A. How B. No matter C. However D. Whatever （答案为 C，由题意可知，本句意思是“无论你多么努力，你也不会成功，因 为你没有正确的方法。 ”故选 C） 例 15 I dont know _ I should go there or not. A. whether B. when C. whenever D. no matter how （答案为 A，宾语从句中的选择疑问式） 例 16 _ he comes, he always telephone me. A. Wherever B. Whatever C. Whenever D. Whenever （答案为 C，此句表示“无论何时/每次”的意思） 例 17 _ he was late, he couldnt talk to his teacher like that. A. Whichever B. Whatever C. No matter why D. However （答案为 C，表示“无论什么原因” ） 例 18 He didnt know that, _ he was not there at that time. A. because B. for C. as D. since （答案为 A，本句为不知道原因的情况下做出的解释，故用 because） 例 19 He cant be studying now, _ I saw him playing football on the playground a minute ago. A. because B. for C. as D. since （答案为 B，本句为表示推测的情况下做出的解释，故用 for） 例 20 _ you went to England, tell us what you did and saw there. A. because B. for C. as D. since （答案为 D，本句为明显原因的情况下做出的解释，故用 since） 例 21 _ the weather is fine, we will go on a trip. A. because B. for C. as D. since （答案为 C，本句的“因为”等于 when + because，故用 as） 例 22 _ will leave the last should turn off the lights. A. Who B. Whoever C. That D. What （答案为 B，此句为主语从句强调人） 例 23 _ does it have nothing to do with me. A. Who B. Whoever C. Whom D. How （答案为 A，此句强调事情） 例 24 _ he was dead made us all surprised. A. What B. If C. Whether D. That （答案为 D，主语从句陈述式，故选 that） 例 25 We think it necessary that one _ a foreign language. A. learn B. learnt C. is learning D. will learn （答案为 A，宾语从句虚拟） 例 26 That is _ he is always late for school for. A. which B. why C. what D. where （答案为 C，表语从句特殊疑问式，whatfor 固定词组，故选 what） 例 27 Dont believe _ he is saying. A. when B. what C. that D. if （答案为 B，宾语从句特殊疑问式，故选 B） 例 28 _ you will get to school doesnt matter. A. No matter when B. Whenever C. What D. If （答案为 B，主语从句特殊疑问式，故选 whenever） 例 29 _ he gets to school on time or not, the teacher wont be angry. A. Whether B. If C. Where D. No matter （答案为 A，让步状语从句“无论是否” ，故选 A） 例 30 _ we need is more time. A. Which B. What C. That D. If （答案为 B，主语从句表示“所的东西” ，故选 B） 例 31 The suggestion that everyone _ his best is accepted. A. should try B. try C. will try D. is trying （答案为 B，表语从句虚拟，故选 B） 【模拟试题】 一. 选择 1. There were _ many people _ I couldnt speak. A. so, that B. so, as C. such, that D. as, as 2. He made _ progress _ we were all very happy. A. as, that B. so, as C. such, that D. so, that 3. Class 1 is _ large _ Class2 is. A. so, as B. as, as C. so, that D. such, that 4. The old man was _ tired _ he couldnt work any longer. A. so, that B. both, and C. so, as D. as, as 5. Iron is more useful _ any other metal. A. as B. than C. then D. so 6. Lets get up earlier _ we can go to school in time. A. as B. than C. so that D. in order 7. Please speak loudly _ I can hear a little better. A. though B. so that C. since D. because 8. Please answer the question in a voice loud enough _ all the class may hear. A. such that B. so that C. and D. as 二. 用 sothat改写。 1. He was very friendly. We became friends soon. 2. The man was very angry. His face turned red. 3. He spoke so fast for me to understand. 4. The box was too heavy for me to carry. 5. It was very hot last night. Everyone could hardly sleep. 6. The girl isnt old enough to go to school. 三. 用“no matter”或“ever”填空 1. _ you are from, they wont let you return. 2. _ he said, we wont believe him. 3. We will let you know the result（结果）, _ bad it is. 4. Ill write to you _ you go. 5. _ we say “ Good bye ” to the farmers , they always smile at us. 6. _ book I like, I cant buy it, because I have no money. 7. _ takes the job, it doesnt matter. 8. _ hard he tried, he couldnt run as fast as Tom. 四. 用 where 或 wherever 填空 1. He went _ I told him to go. 2. He can always fall asleep（入睡）_ he stays. 3. Dont go _ tigers always appear（出没）. 4. Please stay _ I can telephone you. 5. The small boy is playing _ the workers are building a new building, so he is in danger. 五. 用 because, for, as, since 填空 1. He cant give me the right answer, _ he didnt listen to me carefully. 2. They cant stay here, _ its dangerous here. 3. _ the bus stopped, he began to drink some water. 4. He cant be ill, _ I just saw him singing and dancing just now. 5. _ you agree with me, we are friends instead of enemies（敌人）. 六. 将下列各句合并为主语从句。 1. What did he say? It was very important. 2. What