高一英语第一册 Unit 6 Good manners人教版知识精讲

高一英语第一册 Unit 6 Good manners人教版【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容Unit 6 Good manners（一）重点单词（二）重点短语（三）重点句型二、知识精讲（一）重点单词1. apologize (apologise) vi. 道歉可构成短语：apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事向某人道歉例：I have come to apologize to you.我是来向你道歉的。You must apologize to her for that.你必须为那件事向她道歉。I apologize to you for not being able to meet you.我因为没能接你而向你道歉。名词形式：apology可构成短语：make an apology to sb. for sth. 表示：因某事向某人道歉例：I made an apology to him for misunderstanding him.我误解了他，所以向他道歉。2. fault: n. C 表示“缺点，毛病；故障”例：She loves me in spite of all my faults.虽然我有种种缺点，她却仍然爱我。His only fault is dishonesty.他唯一的缺点是不诚实。There is a fault in the electrical system.电路系统有了毛病。还可表示“过失，过错”U例：It is my fault that we are late.我们迟到了，责任在我。I dont think it is your fault to keep him waiting so long.我认为让他等那么久不是你的错。另：No one could fault his performance.（fault为动词）没人能挑剔他的表演。辨析：mistakefault 指行为上的过失，强调对过失负责任，常用it 作主语，其前加ones 或the 。mistake 通常指由于缺乏正确理解而造成判断或看法上的错误。如：There are a lot of mistakes in your homework.3. introduce : vt. “引见，介绍”常与介词to 搭配。例：He introduced me to his parents.他把我介绍给他的父母。Allow me to introduce Mr. Green to you all.请允许我向你们介绍格林先生。还可表示“采用，引进”可与介词to / into 搭配。例：The company is introducing new ideas into / to the business.公司正在将新的理念引进到他们的业务中。Tobacco was introduced into Europe from America.烟草是由美洲传入欧洲的。4. impression : n. 印象， 感想 Im surprised you got a good impression of him.我很惊讶你对他有一个好印象。（可和get 搭配表示“得到的印象”） The experience made a deep impression on the children.这次经历给孩子们留下了很深的印象。（构成make/leave a impression (on sb.) 表示“给某人留下的印象”）动词形式：impress5. manner: 单数形式，表示“方式，方法”或“态度”例：Do it in this manner. 用这种方式做。She spoke slowly, in a friendly manner. 她说得很慢，方式很友好。Her manner seems very cold. 她的态度似乎很冷漠。manners: 复数形式，表示“礼貌，礼节，规矩”例：good manners 懂礼貌bad manners 没礼貌table manners 用餐礼仪Its bad manners to stare at others. 盯着别人看是不礼貌的。Arent you forgetting your manners, Mary? 玛丽，你是不是没礼貌了？（如小孩收了礼物忘记说“谢谢”时，父母（长辈）会问这样的话）Her manners are improving. 她的行为举止正在改进。即学即用：_ for young men to give their seats to the old or the children on the bus!A. How good manners they areB. What good manners they areC. What a good manner it isD. What good manners it is答案：D6. behave: vi. 行为，举止，表现vt. 表现得有礼貌，规矩The old woman behaves as if she were a child.那老太太的举止就像个孩子。His parents wanted to know if their son behaved properly.他的父母想知道它们的儿子是否表现得体。He knows how to behave himself in the company.他知道在公司应如何表现自己。7. raise: vt. 举起，提高，饲养，养育例：He raised his arms above his head.他把手臂举过头顶。My landlady wanted to raise the rent.我的房东想提高租金。This family raised a lot of cows.这家养了很多牛。This family raised 7 children.这个家庭抚养了七个孩子。特别注意：区别raise与riseraise 为及物动词；是指把某物在原来的基础上升高。如：raise the temperature 使温度升高 raise ones voice 提高声音rise 为不及物动词；强调某物由低到高的变化过程，常指自然地上升，如：起身、上升、上涨等。例：He rose to welcome me. 他起身欢迎我。The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。Her temperature is still rising. 她的体温还在上升。看下面两个例句：They raised the price. 他们抬高了价格。Price has risen by 20%. 价格上涨了20%。即学即用：When we saw the sun _ above the surface of the sea, we let out a cry of joy.A. to raise B. rise C. raising D. rising答案：D8. advice : n. 建议，忠告（不可数名词）常构成短语：a piece of advice 一条意见，一个忠告give sb. advice on 就给某人提建议ask (sb.) for advice （向某人）征求意见follow / take ones advice 遵照/接受某人的建议即学即用：He gave us _ how to learn a foreign language.A. a plenty of advice on B. a lot of advice onC. many advice on D. an advice on答案：B9. Table manners change over time. They follow the fashion of the day. Besides, table manners are only important at formal dinner parties.餐桌礼仪随着时间而变化；随着时尚而变化。而且，只有在正式宴会上人们才注意这些礼节。 over: 表示“在期间”（强调时间流逝的过程）例：They had a pleasant chat over a cup of coffee.他们一边喝咖啡，一边愉快地聊着天。He went to sleep over his work.他干着干着活就睡着了。Are you staying in London over Christmas?你准备在伦敦过圣诞节吗？Over the years he has become more and more patient.经过这些年，他变得越来越有耐心了。 besides : adv. 而且，还有 （表递进关系，进一步解释说明）例：Its too late now. Besides, it is beginning to rain.现在天太晚了，而且又要下雨。回忆：There were 3 more visitors besides me.除我之外，还有3个参观者。（besides 在此是介词，表示“除之外”）（二）重点短语apologize to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉mean to do sth. 打算做mean doing sth. 意味着table manners 用餐礼仪for the first time 首次，第一次make a good impression 留下好的印象drink a toast 祝酒drink to ones health 为某人的健康干杯start with 以开始for a moment 片刻，一会儿at table 就餐时all the time一直take a sip 抿一小口too much太多（）over time在期间，随时间的流逝be busy with sth.忙于某事be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事leave out 省去，遗漏，不考虑stare at 盯着make jokes about sb.以某人为笑柄（三）重点句型1. Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table.餐桌上懂礼貌意味着了解如何使用刀叉，何时祝酒，如何体面用餐等。 动名词短语having good table manners在句中作主语；动名词短语knowing在句中作mean 的宾语。mean doing : 意味着mean to do : 打算（意欲）做 If it means waiting another 2 days , I agree.如果这意味着再等两天的话，那么我同意。 Im sorry，but I didnt mean to be rude to you.对不起，但我并不是故意对你不礼貌的。 I mean to go, and nothing is going to stop me.我去意已定，什么也阻止不了我。 不定式短语：疑问词+不定式 I dont know what to do next.我不知道下一步该怎么做了。 Please tell me where to have the meeting.请告诉我在哪开会。 The teacher gave me some advice on how to learn English well.老师给了我一些如何学好英语的建议。此结构要注意以下几点： 疑问词why 后不能加to do ；而要跟不带to的不定式 顺序要正确：必须是“疑问词+不定式”（疑问词在前） 此结构不用被动语态即学即用： In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting He is an experienced teacher, so he knows how _ the problem to the students.A. explained B. to explain C. to be explaining D. explains答案：AB2. The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bigger than the ones beside them. 靠近餐盘的刀叉比它们旁边的那些稍大一点。可以修饰比较级的词：a little, a bit, any(用于否定句或疑问句)意思是“一些，一点”；much, far, by far, a lot, a great deal意思是“得多”；still, even, rather 意为“更”例：Are you feeling any better now? 现在你感觉好点了吗？Much better than yesterday. 比昨天好多了。A car runs a lot faster than a bike. 汽车比自行车跑得快得多。The students study even harder than before. 学生们学习比以前更努力了。即学即用：Canada is_ colder than China.Are you joking? Its _ colder!A. a little; more B. little; more C. a little; much D. little; much Is it safe enough to stand here, Mom? No, come a bit _ to me, honey.A. close B. closely C. closer D. much closely How are you getting on with your classmates? _. Ive got to know them all.A. Far better B. Much pleased C. Very comfortable D. Very good答案：CCA3. Most Westerners like soft drinks if they will drive home.如果要开车回家，大多数西方人喜欢喝不含酒精的饮料。will 在此句中是情态动词，表意志，愿望，决心等。例：I will give up smoking no matter how difficult it is. 不管多难，我也要戒烟。If he wont listen to me , Ill write to his parents. 如果他不听我的话，我就给他的父母写信。4. I had a good time during the holiday and now it is time for me to study hard.我假日期间玩了个痛快，现在该用功读书了。固定句式：It is time (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)该干某事了Its time for sth. 到了的时间了Its (high/about) time +that从句（从句中的谓语动词要用过去式）此句式也表示“该干某事了，是做某事的时候了”例：Its time for lunch. 该吃午饭了。Its time for me to have lunch. 我该吃午饭了。Its (high / about) time that I had lunch. 我该吃午饭了。即学即用： Its time for me _ you _ English.A. helping; learnB. helping; to learnC. to help; learningD. to help; learn Its high time that he _ rid of his bad habit.A. get B. gets C. must get D. got答案：DD【典型例题】1. He has turned on all the lights in the building. Thats a waste of electricity. Its not his _. He just did what he was told to.A. mistake B. wrong C. fault D. shortcoming2. The man who _ us by the teacher is a professor from Nanjing University.A. was introduced B. introducedC. introduced to D. was introduced to3. Im terribly sorry for my words but I didnt mean _ you.A. to hurt B. hurt C. hurting D. to be hurt4. Having _ good manners at _ table is very important for businessmen.A. a; the B. /; / C. a; / D. /; a5. His exciting speech that he made at the meeting _ a very good impression on us, _ we will remember forever.A. made; what B. gave; that C. left; which D. did; which6. Linda is a very clever girl. _, she is very diligent. It is no wonder that she is a top student in our class.A. Therefore B. However C. Beside D. Besides7. Children, its time for class. _.A. Behave yourselves B. Make yourself at homeC. Take it easyD. Attention, please8. Staring _ a stranger too long may mean _ him or her feel uneasy.A. at; to make B. / ; making C. at; making D. / ; to make9. He _ from his seat and _ his voice, making everyone surprised.A. rose; raised B. rose; rose C. raised; raised D. raised; rose10. It is useless trying to help Jack with his maths. He is so poor at it.I know, but is he _ better at it now?A. much B. little C. even D. any答案：CDABC DACA DUnit 7预习导学（一）重点单词、短语预习：单词：cultural adj. 文化的represent vt. 代表，表现include vt. 包括，包含ruin n. 废墟，遗迹burn vt.&vi. 焚烧，燃烧，烧焦restore vt. 修复，重建rebuild vt. 重建，复原，改造beauty n. 美，美景，美好的东西portrait n. 肖像，人像recreate vt. 再创造，再创作，重新创造unite vi. 联合，团结period n. 一段时间，时期vase n. 花瓶，瓶damage vt. & n. 损害，伤害ancient adj. 古代的，古老的project n. 计划，方案，工程brick n. 砖，砖形物official n. 官员，公务员adj. 官方的，正式的，公务的cave n. 洞穴，窑洞pollution n. 污染breath n. 呼吸，气息limit vt. 限制，限定n. 界限，限度sincerely adv. 真诚地短语：in ones opinion 以某人的看法，按某人的观点in history 在历史上under attack 遭到攻击give in 让步，投降in ruins 成为废墟，遭到严重破坏in pieces 呈碎片状give up 放弃bring back to life 使苏醒，使生动，使活泼with the help of 在的帮助下was / were able to do sth. 成功地做成了某事come true 实现pull down 拆毁，推翻set up 设立，创立so far 到目前为止over the past years 在过去的年代里（二）观察下列句子，总结其用法：1. Where there is a river, there is a city. 有河流的地方就有城市。（Where there is , there is 有的地方就有）2. Perhaps this is not always true, but it is true that many of the worlds greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river. 这话也许不总是正确的，但事实上，世界上许多伟大的城市都是依河而建。（not always 表示部分否定，意思是“并非总是”）（it 作形式主语，that引导的主语从句才是真正的主语）3. We will not let our history and culture be destroyed, and we will do everything we can to save our city! 我们不能让我们的历史和文化就此毁灭，我们要千方百计拯救我们的城市！（此句中，we can 是定语从句，前面省略了that；to save our city 是动词不定式短语，在本句中作目的状语。）4. Its said to be the citys largest ever cultural relics repair project.据说它是这座城市曾有过的最大的文化遗产修复工程。（此句可以改为：It is said that it is the citys largest ever cultural relics repair project. ）5. No, the pollution does not come from cars or factories, but from human beings.不，污染不是来自汽车或工厂，而是来自人类。（此句中notbut连接两个并列成分，意为“不是而是”）【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）. 单项填空1. Im very sorry to _you, but I have something important to tell you.A. hurt B. break C. advise D. interrupt2. When drinking _ someones health, you raise your glasses, but the glasses should not touch.A. to B. for C. by D. in3. This word is wrongly spelt; youve _ an “s”.A. left out B. lost C. left behind D. left4. Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move _?A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far5. Some people do not _ normally when they are worried. Thats common.A. work B. conduct C. behave D. react6. The boy had to _ the teacher _ his being late for class.A. make an apology to; to B. apologise for; toC. make an apology for; for D. apologise to; for7. I dont like his _ of eating, since he never cares much about table _.A. manners; manners B. manner; mannersC. manner; manner D. manners; manner8. It is not right to _ jokes _ disabled people.A. have; about B. take; of C. make; about D. talk; of9. Sorry! I must go now, because its high time that I _ my little girl from school.A. went and pick up B. go and pick upC. went and picked up D. go and picked up10. The old man has one son and two daughters, _ treats him well, _ made him very sad.A. none of whom; which B. neither of them; whichC. none of them; it D. no one of whom; as*. 完形填空Good manners are often nothing more than a highly developed sense of fair play.A friend of mine once told me of _1_ along a one-lane (单行道)，unpaved(没有铺好的) mountain road. _2_ was another car that produced clouds of _3_, and it was a long way to the nearest _4_ highway. Suddenly , at a(n) _5_ place, the car ahead pulled off the road. _6_ that its owner might have engine trouble, my friend _7_ and asked if anything was wrong. “_8_,” said the driver. “But youve suffered（忍受） my dust this far; Ill _9_with yours the rest of the way. ”Another element of good manners is understanding, a _10_ that enables a person to understand the _11_ or unhappiness of others. A man 12 alone in a restaurant was trying to remove the cap of a beer bottle, _13_ he couldnt do it because of badly injured _14_. He asked a young waiter to help him. The boy took the bottle, turned his back _15_ and loosened the cap without difficulty. Then he _16_it again. Turning back to the man, he _17_ to make great efforts to open the bottle without success. _18_ he took it into the kitchen and returned shortly, saying that he had managed to loosen it but only with a pair of pliers(钳子).Yet another part of politeness is the ability to treat all people _19_, regardless of all status (地位) or importance ._20_ when you have doubts about some people, act as if they are worthy of your best manners. You may also be astonished to find out that they really are.Good manners are the key to a happier world.1. A. walking B. running C. riding D. driving2. A. Behind B. Ahead C. After D. Before3. A. dust B. smoke C. gases D. pollution4. A. opened B. taken C. paved D. built5. A. easier B. wider C. narrower D. bigger6. A. Hoping B. Seeing C. Expecting D. Thinking7. A. stopped B. went by C. passed D. turned back8. A. Yes B. Sure C. No D. OK9. A. do away B. catch up C. put up D. go on10. A. technique B. way C. behavior D. quality11. A. pain B. joy C. feeling D. thought12. A. dining B. singing C. working D. shopping13. A. so B. but C. instead D. however14. A. legs B. eyes C. fingers D. ears15. A. at some time B. at a time C. for a while D. after a while16. A. loosened B. opened C. hid D. tightened17. A. seemed B. pretended C. managed D. happened18. A. Luckily B .Finally C. Happily D. Sadly19. A. alike B. friendly C. warmly D. nicely20. A. Ever B. Specially C. Especially D. Even. 阅读理解（一）In England , three foreigners came to a bus stop. About 5 minutes later, the bus they wanted came along . They prepared to board it. Suddenly there was a loud noise behind them. People rushed on to the bus and tried to push them out of the way. The bus conductor rushed down to see what the trouble was about. The three foreigners looked puzzled and embarrassed. No one had told them about the British custom of queuing for a bus that the first person who arrived at a bus stop is the first person to get on the bus.Learning the language of a country isnt enough. If you want to have a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your hosts. You will probably be surprised just how different they can be from yours. A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself.In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs when sitting talking to someone. Doing this when meeting an important person in Thailand, however, is rude. Attitudes to women vary considerably around the world. In Japan, for example, it is quite usual for men to plan evening entertainments for themselves and leave their wives at home. In Europe such attitudes are disappearing.1. The three foreigners were pushed out of the way because _.A. there were no reasonsB. they were foreignersC. the people were unfriendlyD. they did not queue for the bus2. The three foreigners did not queue for the bus because _.A. they thought they came firstB. they did not see the other peopleC. they did not learn the custom of queuing in EnglandD. they wanted to take the seats on the bus3. In India, if you cannot use your right hand for the time being, _ .A. youd better not pass foodB. youd better leave the tableC. you can pass food with your left handD. you can pass food with the help of your left hand4. According to the passage, you should not cross your legs _.A. when talking to someone in IndiaB. when talking to a woman in JapanC. when talking to someone in EuropeD. when talking to an important person in Thailand（二）I strongly believe that it is rather important to be a good listener. Although I have become a better listener than I was ten years ago, I have to admit Im still only a satisfactory listener.Effective listening is more than simply avoiding the bad habit of interrupting others while they are speaking or finishing their sentences. Its being willing to listen to the entire thou