高一英语语法复习（三）被动语态人教版知识精讲

高一英语高一英语语法复习（三）被动语态语法复习（三）被动语态人教版人教版 【同步教育信息】 一. 本周教学内容 语法复习（三）被动语态 被动语态主要用于以下场合： （一）不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没必要指明谁是动作的执行者时。如： Printing was introduced into Europe from China . 印刷术是从中国传入 欧洲的。 （二）需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身而不必指明谁是动作的执行者时。 如： The injured were allowed home after treatment . 受伤者在医院治疗后被获准回家。 At last an agreement was arrived at . 终于达成了一项协议。 （三）为了强调动作的执行者而用 by 修饰时。如： The window was broken by the boy who lives next door . 窗子是住在隔壁的男孩打破的。 （四）在文章标题、广告、新闻等中。如： Girls wanted . 招女工。（广告标题，省略了助动词 are。） The destroyer is reported to have been sunk . 据报道，这艘驱逐舰被击 沉。 Its reported that many have been lost in the earthquake . 据报道地 震已造成许多伤亡。 （五）当动作的执行者不是人时。如： We were shocked by the news of his death . 我们听到他的死讯极为震惊。 Such things are only eaten by animals . 一些特殊的被动结构： 1. 带情态动词的被动结构： 例如：The problem must be solved soon . 2. 带不定式的被动结构： 例如：The room is going to be painted . The homework needs to be done with care . 3. 短语动词的被动结构： 例如： （1）The baby is looked after carefully . 用于这类被动结构的短语动词要把它们作为整体看待，即要把它们看作单字及 物动词。这类结构有以下几种： （不及物）动词+介词：agree to , ask for , call for , laugh at , listen to , look after , operate on , send for , talk about , think of 等。 （及物）动词+副词：bring about , carry out , find out , give up , hand in , make out , pass on , point out , put away , put off , take up , think over , turn down , turn out , wipe out , work out 等。 动词+副词+介词：do away with , face up to , give in to , look down upon , make up for , put up with 等。例如： （2）They will be taken（good）care of . Attention must be paid to your pronunciation . 用于这类被动结构的短语动词最多见的是“动词+名词+介词”这一结构。例如： catch sight of , keep an eye on , make use of , make a fool of , pay attention to , put an end to , set fire / light to , take care of , take hold of , take notice of 等。 例（2）与例（1）的不同点在于，它作用于被动态时能有两种形式，第一种形 式是把“动词+名词+介词”作为整体看待；第二种形式是把其中的“动词+名词” 作为“动词+宾语”的结构处理。 4. 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改成主语， 宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。例如： We always keep the classroom clean . （比较：The classroom is always kept clean .） 5. 有些动词形式上是主动结构，但表示被动的意思。 （1）不及物动词的被动意义 一般地讲，这种主动句中的动词都是不及物动词，其主语是不及物动词所表示 的动作的发生者，且这类主语指物时更为常见。例如： Class begins . 上课。 某些只能作不及物动词（包括一些短语动词）用的动词，如 occur , happen , fall , go , break out , take place 等，其主动形式含有被动意义。例如： When did the accident occur ? 事故发生在什么时候？ It happened yesterday evening . 这事发生在昨天晚上。 The AntiJapanese War broke out in 1937 . 抗日战争是 1937 年爆发的。 May 4 th Movement took place in 1919 . 五四运动发生在 1919 年。 Icecream always goes well in hot weather . 冰淇淋暑天销路好。 （2）具有及物意义的不及物动词的的被动意义 在主语是物的句子里，有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义。常用的这类动 词有 sell , read , feel , write , wear , wash , open , clean , cook , keep , cut , fill , blow , measure , lock , run , record , begin , shut 等。例如： The book sells well . 这本书很畅销。 The machine runs well . 机器运转良好。 Class begins at eight . 八点钟开始上课。 Your composition reads well . 你的作文读起来很不错。 This pen writes smoothly . 这支钢笔好用。 This coat wears well . 这件大衣经穿。 有的动词同时兼有及物和不及物的功用，当用作不及物动词的主动结构表达被 动意义时和其作及物动词的被动结构表达的意思大致相同。例如： My jacket has worn out . / My jacket is worn out . 我的夹克衫穿破了。 有的及物动词构成的被动语态，与其作不及物动词构成的主动语态表达被动意 义时，两者的含义有细微差别。例如： The cloth doesnt wash . 这块布不经洗。（是由于布本身的内在特性，质 量差或其它原因） The cloth is not washed . 这块布没有被洗。（与布本身的特性无关） These shoes dont sell . 这些鞋销售不了。 These shoes are not sold . 这些鞋尚未出售。 （3）表示状态特征的连系动词的被动意义 有些表示状态特征的连系动词，如 look , feel , smell , taste , sound , prove , appear 等的主动形式表示被动意义。例如： The roses smell sweet . 玫瑰花闻起来很香。 Cotton feels soft . 棉花摸起来很软。 Good medicine tastes bitter . 良药苦口。 Your sentence doesnt sound right . 你的话听起来不大对头。 What he said proved to be correct . 事实证明他的话是正确的。 （4）某些动词以物作主语时，其进行时也可以表示被动意义。例如： The dinner is cooking . 正在烧饭。 The book is printing . 书正 在印刷中。 The house is building . 房屋在修建中。 Preparations are making . 筹备工作正在进行。 （5）不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语如果是句中主语或宾语时，就用不定式的主 动形式表示被动意义。例如： I have a lot of work to do . 我今天有很多工作要做。 （主语 I 是不定式 to do 的逻辑主语） Ill give him something to read . 我要给他些书读。 （宾语 him 是不定式 to read 的逻辑主语） 在形容词后作状语用的不定式说明句中主语在哪个方面存在形容词所表示 的情况时，且与句中主语构成动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。例如： His telephone number is easy to remember . 他的电话号码很好记。 That man is difficult to deal with . 那个人很难对付。 但如果这类句子形容词的意思不完全时，其不定式如有被动意义，仍必须用被 动形式。例如：All invaders are sure to be punished . 所有侵略者都必 定受到惩罚。 在 there be 句形中修饰主语的不定式，用主动形式或被动形式都可以，只 是在口语中多用主动形式。例如： There are many questions to discuss（to be discussed）. 有许多问题要 讨论。 但在 nothing , anything 和 something 之后，使用两种语态表示的意思有所 不同。例如： There is nothing to do . 没有事可做。 There is nothing to be done . 没有办法。 在“This （That）is +名词”的句型中，修饰表语的不定式用主动形式表 示被动意义。例如： This is a hard question to answer . 这是个很难回答的问题。 That is a nice place to visit . 那是个值得参观的好地方。 不定式 to let , to seek , to blame 等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如： Nobody was to blame for the accident . 这个事故，谁也不能责怪。 The car is to let . 汽车出租。 以人作主语时，worthy 后的不定式用主动形式和被动形式都可以，但二者 的意义不同。例如：He is worthy to take his position . 他配担任他的职务。 （不定式的动作是句中主语发出的） He is not worthy to be chosen . 他不配当选。 （不定式的动作不是句中主语发出的） worth 和其后的动名词结构表达被动意义。例如： The novel is worth reading . 这一本小说值得一读。 在 bear , stand 动词之后用动名词的主动式表达被动意义似乎更符合英美人 的习惯（代替动名词的被动式或不定式的被动式）。例如： That wont bear using . 那是不堪一用的。 We should stand criticizing . 我们应当经得起批评。 （6）动名词主动形式表示被动意义 通常是物作 want , need , require 等动词的主语时（也可以是人）表示事物 （或人）客观上需要，用动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义。例如： The classroom wants（needs , requires）cleaning . 教室需要打扫。 这种用法的动名词改用不定式一般式的被动形式后意义不变。例如： The classroom wants to be cleaned . （7）某些介词词组表示被动含义 表示被动含义的介词词组通常是以带有动词意义的名词作介词宾语的。如： He is under arrest . 他已被捕。 Oranges are on sale . 桔子在出售。 The question is under discussion . 问题在讨论之中。 This new method is being tested . 这一新方法在接受检验。 6. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句。 （1）谓语是及物动词 leave , enter , reach , suit , benefit , lack 等。 （2）谓语是不可拆开的短语动词 take place , lose heart , belong to , consist of 等。 （3）宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、动名词、抽象名词等。 7. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。例如： 据说 It is said that 希望 It is hoped that 据推测说 It is supposed that 必须承认 It must be admitted that 必须指出 It must be pointed out that 众所周知 It is well known that 有人会说 It will be said that 大家认为 It will generally considered that 有人相信 It is believed that 【模拟试题】 1. I need one more stamp before my collection . A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 2. Your phone number again ? I quite catch it . Its 9568442 . A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant 3. the sports meet might be put off . Yes , it all depends on the weather . A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told 4. You dont need to describe her . I her several times . A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 5. I dont think Jim saw me ; he into space . A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared 6. my glasses ? Yes , I saw them on your bed a minute ago . A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen 7. Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband home . A. has left ; comes B. left ; had come C. had left ; came D. had left ; would come 8. I first met Lisa three years ago . She at a radio shop at the time . A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 9. Who is Jerry Goopr ? ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting . A. Dont you meet him yet B. Hadnt you met him yet C. Didnt you meet him yet D. Havent you met him yet 10. Alice , why didnt you come yesterday ? I , but I had an unexpected visitor . A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 11. Nancy is not coming tonight . But she . A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 12. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to . A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out 13. They the train until it disappeared in the distance . A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed 14. Shirley a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it . A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 15. Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour . A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 16. Hi Tracy , you look tired . I am tired . I the living room all day . A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 17. The price , but I doubt whether it will remain so . A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down 18. Hey , look where you are going ! Oh , Im terribly sorry . . A. Im not noticing B. I wast noticing C. I havent noticed D. I dont notice 19. Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls ? Yes , They have better players , so I them to win . A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. want 20. Robert is said abroad , but I dont know what country he studied in . A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 21. him and then try to copy what he does . A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch 22. Let Harry play with your toys as well , Clareyou must learn to . A. support B. care C. spare D. share 23. Youve left the light on . Oh , so I have . and turn it off . A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im gong 24. How are you today ? Oh , I as ill as I do now for a very long time . A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt 25. The reporter said that the UFO east to west when he saw it . A. was travelling B. travelled C. had been travelling D. was to travel 26. I ping-pong quite well , but I havent had time to play since the new year . A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 27. Visitors not to touch the exhibits . A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested 28. As we joined the big crowd I got from my friends . A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed 29. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology so rapidly . A.