高一英语词语辨析人教版知识精讲

英汉高中英语单词辨析语言教师版动机教育信息 i .本周教育内容：单词分析1。pick选择，区分，理解人们故意站起来，没有倒下就捡起来)4()()3()()2()1(up eg .(1)he bent over to pick up his hat)(2)I picked him up on my way home . 2 . devote vt。(1) devote ones abilities to他的才能.(2)devote o Nes attention to集中.(3) devote oneself to承诺.(4) devote ones knowledge to自己的知识.eg . he devoted his lifetime to sicentic research . 3 .(1)Die out灭绝，逐渐消失；(2)Die of相继死亡；(3)Die of死于内部原因；(4) Mr gax ton has died of a heart attack。the Flowers are dying off because has been no rain . 4 . doing fromprevent doingfromstop()(doing from keep对象阻止对象.做点什么eg . the heavy rainfime onarriving(from)Us prevented(foom)Us stopped foom uskep 5。anotherpron。另一个eg. (1)I dont like this one，Show me another .(2) adj. here comes another bus。(3) another基本名词multiple he stayed there of another three days . 6 . make sure/certain必须，确定，确认，知道。Makesure确定了，确定了。pron/n . of clause that sth doto eg .(1)make sure that the doors are locked before you go out .出去前一定要注意锁门。(2)make sure to turn off the radio before you go out。出去之前一定要关掉收音机。7.not.but.不.相反，not.but.文章格式用于否定but之前，肯定but后的内容，but后通常省略前面的单词，以防止重复。eg . Mary isn t at school but at home today . 8 . though，although (1) though可以用作倒带语句，就像as一样，但不能是although。(2)though可以用作副词，句末的意思是“但是”。Eg. (1) poor though/as he is，he is happy。(2) she said she would come to meet me，Shedidn t though . 9 .(1)break the rule(s)违反法规(2)obey/Keep the rule web must obey the school rule.1 0。remind (1)sb。about sth。提醒某人，某事(2)某人。of sth .使人想起(3)某人。to do提醒某人做某事(4)sb。of doing sth。提醒eg. he reminds me of his brother。please remind me to answer that let Ter。二.attributive子句中的常见错误1。关系代词故障(1)that和which 错误：I ve read all the books which you compel lent me。正数：I ve read all the books that you compel lent me。分析：attributive子句中的前置语在公式(如al、some、any、no、little、few、much、very)中使用关系代词that。:this is the last lesson which Mr green taught us。正：this is the last lesson that Mr green taught us。分析：attributive子句的先行词装饰为序数或形容词的最高级时，关系代词必须使用that。错误：is there anyhing else which I can do for you？正面：is there anyhing else that I can do for you？分析：属性子句中的先行词是否定代词，如everything、anything、nothing，关系代词必须使用that。错误：they talted about the persons and things which they remembered in the old days。正面：they talked about the persons and things that they remembered in the old days。分析：attributive子句的先行词存在于某人或某物的时候，关系代词必须使用that。错误：my home TWN is no longer the place which it used to be。正面：my home toown is no longer the place that it used to be。分析：在定语从句中，关系代词充当从句的表达作用时，其关系代词必须使用that。错误：dinner starts with a small dish，that is offten called a starter。正面：dinner starts with a small dish，which is offten called a starter。分析：关系代词that不能用于非限制性属性条款，但可以使用which。错误：he lives in the room，the window of that faces the south。正面：he lives in the room，the window of which faces the south。分析：关系代词that不能用于“介词关系代词”结构，但可以用which。(2)who和whom错误：The man with who I worked has left。正面：The man with whom I worked has left。分析：关系代词who是指人，作为主体；Whom也指人，但作为宾语。在介词关系代词结构中，先行词是人，关系词是whom是。先行词是事物，关系词是which。2.缺少关系代词错误：the student is standing there is our monitor。正面：the student who/that is standing there is our monitor。正面：the student standing there is our monitor。分析：定语从句的关系代词为主题时不能省略。这里也可以将attributive子句改为现在的分词形式。3.关系代词与关系副词混淆(1)that/which和when错误：do you still remember the day when wefirst spent together？正：do you still remember the day(that/which)we first spent together？分析：先行词是时间名词时，定语从句的诱导词使用关系代词或关系副词“when”，取决于先行词在从句中是否充当主语/宾语或时间副词。在这里，先行词the day在子句中作为宾语，关系代词可以省略。(2)that/which和where错误：I ll never forget the school where we visited last Monday。正面：I ll never forget the school(that/Which)we visited last Monday。分析：先行词是位置名词时，冠词使用关系代词或关系副词“where”，这取决于先行词在子句中是否充当主题/宾语或位置副词。在这里，先行词the school在子句中作为对象，关系代词可以省略。(3)that/which和why错误：is this the reason why he gives for being late？正面：is this the reason(that/which)he gives for being late？分析：先行词为reason时，attributive子句的诱导词使用关系代词或关系副词“why”，取决于先行词在子句中是否充当主题/宾语或原因副词。在这里，先行词the reason在子句中作为宾语，关系代词可以省略。4.attributive子句中的主体-谓词不匹配错误：this is one of the rooms that is free now。正面：this is one of the rooms that are free now .分析：attributive子句中的前导词one of.结构时，先行词是of后的复数名词或代词，子句谓词是复数形式。错误：professor Johnson is he only one of the expeerts who know a little Chinese。正面：professor Johnson is the only one of the expeerts who knows a little Chinese。分析：attributive子句的前置任务是the (only/very) one of.结构时，前置语使用one，子句谓词使用单数形式。5.attributive子句重用单词(1)关系单词和问题单词重复错误：who is the man who shook hands with you just now？郑：who is the man that shook hands with you just now？分析：如果主要句子以疑问词who开头，为了避免重复，应该用that代替attributive子句的诱导词。错误：which is the books which you want to borrow from me？郑：which is the book that you want to borrow from me？分析：如果主句以疑问句which开头，为了避免重复，官刑要用that代替。(2)关系词与替代词重复错误：this is the jacket which I bought it last month。正面：this is the jacket which I bought last month。分析：关系代词which已经在子句中充当了宾语，it是多余的。错误：is this the museum where Jane has worked there for twenty years？郑：is this the museum where Jane has worked for twenty years？分析：关系副词where在子句中已经起了位置副词的作用，there是多余的。6.定语从句介词错误错误：is this the CD player in which you spent 500 yuan？正：is this the CD player on which you spent 500 yuan？分析：有时，某些介词要根据从句谓语动词的习惯组合来判断。这里是“spent.on名词”的组合。奥荷：the baby of whom she takes good care is ten monthsold。郑：the baby whom shetakes good care of is ten monthsold。分析：包含介词的短语动词一般不能分解使