2020届高三英语一轮复习必备精品：Module5 Unit2 The United Kingdom

2020;2020届高三英语一轮复习必备精品Module5 Unit2 The United Kingdom高考导航本单元的考点在历年各地考题中也出现过多次，对于一些重点词汇应重点把握。如：available 一词曾经在2020;2020浙江卷中考查过。本单元语法是过去分词做宾语补足语（The Past Participle as the Object Complement），特别是get，make，have等词后跟过去分词做宾补，这是高考的重点，应着重掌握。 You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it_ often enough. （05天津卷） A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained【答案】选D【解析】 本题考查非谓语动词充当宾语补足语的用法。在have sth. done结构中，done与sth. 含有被动关系。在本题中，the traffic rule与explain有被动关系，因此，选D。There are plenty of jobs _ in the western part of the country.A. present B. available C. precious D. convenient【答案】选B【解析】考查通过句意选择同类词中恰当的形容词。 present adj.现在的, 出席的, 当面的;available adj.可用到的, 可利用的, 有用的, 有空的, 接受探访的;precious adj.宝贵的, 贵重的, 珍爱的, 过于精致的, 珍爱的; convenient adj便利的, 方便的.通过句意及语境可知,正确答案是BNews reports say peace talks between the two countries_ with no agreement reached. (NMET2020;2020)A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken up【答案】选D 【解析】broken out 为爆发,比如战争的爆发 broke down 可译为汽车抛锚broken up 为分手 broke in 表示闯入。每一个词组都会有多个解释,根据句意答案应该是broke upHelen had to shout_ above the sound of the music.（2020;2020全国高考）A.making herself hearB.to make herself hearC.making herself heardD.to make herself heard【答案】选D 【解析】根据题意“海伦只好喊，以便使别人听到自己的声音”,所以应当用动词不定式表目的，但自己应当是被听到，所以要用head。知识网络类别重点内容单元话题Countries of the United Kingdom; Union Jack: famous sites in London.重点单词 unite kingdom consist province clarify accomplish conflict unwilling union credit currency available institution convenience rough roughly nationwide attract architecture collection administration port countryside enjoyable description furnished fax possibility plus quarrel alike arrange wedding fold sightseeing delight royal uniform splendid statue communism thrill pot error tense consistent 重点短语 consist of divideinto break away (from ) to ones credit leave out take the place of break down 重点句型There is no need to do sth/There is no need for sthIt is strange/a pity/important/vital/necessary/essentialthat语法过去分词做宾语补足语（The Past Participle as the Object Complement）You find most of the population settled in the south,he had them killed while they were asleep.重难点解读I 重点单词1. debatevi.& n. 辩论；讨论【用法解读】主要搭配形式有：debate with sb about/over/on/upon sth.under debate 在辩论中open a debate 开始辩论【经典例句】n. After much debate，we decided to move to Beijing.我们经过充分讨论后决定迁往北京。v. They debated about the proposal for three days.他们为那项计划争论了三天。I debated the idea in my mind until I feel asleep.我入睡前一直在思考这个问题。After a long debate the bill was passed in Congress.经过长时间的辩论后，议案在国会获得通过。They were debating whether to go to the mountain or to the seaside.他们在争论到底是去山上还是去海边。The discussion turned into a furious debate.这场讨论成了激烈的争论。【归纳比较】 辨析debate和argue：debate指各自陈述理由，强调公正、公开，气氛较为激烈；argue意为“说理；争论”，通常指提出理由来支持自己的观点，并企图说服别人，着重使用说理的方式来论证主张。There is no good in arguing about the inevitable.拿不可避免的事物争论是没有什么用的。The house of representatives debated the proposal for three days.众议院就这个提案辩论了三天。【即学即用】完成句子_ _ _(他们正在讨论)whether to go to the mountain or go to the seaside.(答案：They are debating)The debate was launched by the Government。（翻译）_(答案：这场争论是由政府发起的)2. puzzle n.&vt.难题，谜；使迷惑【用法解读】 1）puzzle可用作名词或动词，作名词时，意为“难题；谜；测验能力的问题(或玩具)”，可喻为“复杂难懂的事物”。 be in a puzzle about sth.对某事迷惑不解 2)同根词：puzzled adj.表示自己感到迷惑，如：There was a puzzled expression on his face.他的脸上露出迷惑不解的表情。puzzling adj.表示令人感到迷惑，如：His answer is puzzling.他的回答令人迷惑。【经典例句】 The meaning of the poem has always been a puzzle.这首诗的意思一直是个谜。 This letter puzzles me.这封信使我迷惑不解。I am in a puzzle about the matter.我对这件事大惑不解。I puzzled over the question for quite a while.这个问题我想了好半天。【即学即用】（改错）1.This is a puzzled question. _(答案：puzzled 应改为puzzling)填空2.This is really a _ problem and I feel _ about it.（puzzle）（答案：puzzling; puzzled ）3. convenience.方便；便利【用法解读】1）固定搭配：at ones convenience 在方便时2）同根词：convenient adj. 便利的；方便的，如：Our house is convenient for the hospital.我们家到医院很方便。3）convenience意为“便利”时，为不可数名词；意为“有用的安排”时为可数名词。【经典例句】 I kept my reference book near my desk for convenience.我把参考书放在书桌旁用着方便。If it is convenient to you, please come at four oclock.如果方便的话，请在四点钟来。When would it be convenient for you to go?你什么时候去方便呢？【拓展提高】at ones convenience 在某人方便的时候for convenience 为了方便（实用）to ones convenience 对某人方便（合适）be convenient to/for sb. 对某人方便be convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便【即学即用】完成句子1.Will the 3:50 train _ _ _ _?(对你方便吗？)（答案：be convenient to you）2.Lets make it at seven oclock on Tuesday morning at my office if _.A. youre convenient B. it is convenient for youC. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you(答案：B )3. Come and see me whenever _.A. you are convenient B. you will be convenientC. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you（答案：C ）4. influence n. 影响，有影响的人(或事)vt. 影响，改变【用法解读】固定搭配：have/has an influence on/upon/over.对有影响under the influence of 受到的影响【经典例句】 My teachers influence made me study at college.受我的老师影响，我上大学学了理科。 The weather influences crops.天气影响农作物。He was influenced by Michelangelo later on.他后来受到米开朗基罗的影响。My parents considered my friends have a bad influence on me.我父母认为我朋友对我有不良影响。Africas climate is strongly influenced by the continents position on the globe.非洲的气候受到它在地球上位置的强烈影响。【归纳比较】influence / affect / effect1）influence指一个人以其品格或地位获得影响他人的力量，或指行为和思想受到某种间接因素的影响而发生变化，这种力量是无形的。The judge was never influenced in his decision by his sympathy or prejudice.法官决不会因为同情或偏见影响自己的判决。2）affect只有动词性，意思是“影响”，指能够引起感情上的反应，强烈的影响或力量，但这种力量是有形的力量，有时可暗示不良影响。Fear affects some people by making them powerless to act.由于害怕而使有些人束手无策。【即学即用】完成句子Probably we _ _ _.(彼此影响)（答案：influence each other）用 influence / affect / effect的正确形式填空。This article will _my thinking.这篇文章将会影响我的思想。This book _a change in my opinion.这本书使我的看法起了变化_by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine.在一位中学生物教师的影响下, 他从事医学研究。（答案：affect ; effected; Influenced）5. available adj. 可以得到的；可利用的；有效的【用法解读】 (1）可用的，在手边的，可利用的 available energy（2）可得到的，可买到的：be available for use（3）有空的，可与之联系的： sb. is available可与某人联系（4）有效的：be available for one year常用搭配(be) available to sb能够被某人所用或者为某人所获得的(be) available for sth能够为某目的所用的/能够用于某目的的(be) available to do sth 能够用于某目的的【经典例句】 Tickets are available from the box office.售票处可以买到票。She is not available.她没空。（她有男朋友了。）He is not available for the job.他不适宜做这个工作。TV sets are available in any department stores.电视机在任何一家百货公司里都能买到。【即学即用】翻译：The swimming pool is available only in summer._(答案：这个游泳池只有在夏天开放。)Is the manager available for the moment?(答案：经理此刻有空吗？)【高考链接】There are plenty of jobs _ in the western part of the country. (2020;2020浙江)A. present B. available C. precious D. convenient（答案: B）II重点短语1. break away(from) 挣脱【经典例句】 The American southern states wanted to break away from the Union.美国南方各州想脱离联邦。He broke away from all his old friends.他和所有的老朋友断绝了来往。It is difficult to break away from a habit.要改掉一个习惯很困难。【归纳拓展】和break相关的其他词组break down 坏掉；打破break into 闯入；打断(话题)break into pieces 成为碎片break out 爆发break through 突围；突破break up 分解【即学即用】1. It is wrong of him to _all his friends.A. break off B. break into C. break down D. break away from(答案：D )2. 试用break into/break away from/break out/break down的正确形式填空：My car _ on the way.A robber _ his house last night.Its wrong for Taiwan to try to _ the mainland.The war _ in the winter of 1861.(答案：broke down; broke into; break away from; broke out)【高考链接】News reports say peace talks between the two countries_ with no agreement reached. (NMET2020;2020)A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken up（答案：D ）2. be known as 被称作；被认为【经典例句】 He is known as a fair judge.他被认为是一位公正的法官。【考点聚焦】 相关词组：be known as 以而知名、著称；be known by根据(按照) 得知(较少用)；be known for 因而众所周知；be known to则意为“为所知”，指某个地方或某一范围的人知道。【即学即用】 用正确介词填空：A man is known_ the company he keeps.She was well-known _an excellent dancer.Hes known _his readiness to help others.Hes known_ the police as a thief.（答案: by; as; for; to）III重点句型1To their surprise，the three countries found themselves united peacefully instead of by war. 令他们奇怪的是，这三个国家发现他们非常团结，相处融洽，没有发生战争。【句型剖析】1）整个句子是一个简单句。2）to their surprise是插入语结构，在句首起补充说明作用。3）“find oneself+宾补”表示“(不知不觉中)发现自己处于某种境地” 。又如：She returned to England to find herself famous.她回到英国发现自己竟出名了。【归纳拓展】find的其他用法：I found the book very instructive.=I found the book to be very instructive.=I found that the book was very instructive.我发觉这本书非常有教育意义。You will find him difficult to get along with.=You will find that he is difficult to get along with.=You will find it difficult to get along with him.你会发现他很难相处。【即学即用】They found _ that the goddess turned out to be a modern-looking woman.A .surprisingly B.with surprise C.to their surprise D.a surprise(答案：C )【高考链接】A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. （03全国卷）A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked（答案：B）2. Although the four countries do work together in some areas，they are still very different.虽然这四个国家确实在某些领域合作，但它们仍然非常不同。【句型剖析】 1）本句是复合句，although 引导让步状语从句。2）状语从句中do work 为强调结构。强调谓语动词时，在动词原形前加do，does或did。如：Do be careful！千万要小心！He did have a good time last night.他昨天晚上的确玩得很开心。【归纳拓展】 注意：do的这种用法只用于肯定句，且只有现在时和过去时两种时态。如：I do hope you have a merry Christmas！衷心祝你圣诞快乐！He did read the letter just now.他刚才的确读过那封信。3. It looked splendid when first built.刚建起来的时候很辉煌。【句型剖析】 1）本句是一个复合句，when引导时间状语从句。2）When first built是When it was first built的省略形式。【归纳拓展】 状语从句中，若从句的主语和主句的主语一致，同时谓语含有系动词be或从句为：it is 结构时，往往省去该从句的主语和be动词。如：Be careful when（you are）crossing the street.过街时要当心。Turn to him for help if （it is）necessary.如果有必要可求助于他。【高考链接】When first_ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. （04全国II）A introducing B introduced C introduce D being introduced(答案B)It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when_ at the meeting by my boss. （04全国IV） A questioning B have questioned C questioned D to be questioned（答案：C ）4. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone.可悲的是图书馆从原来的位置搬迁到了另外一个地方，那个老阅览室不复存在了。【句型剖析】 1）本句是一个并列句，并列连词and前后各为一个独立的分句。2）sadly是副词，放在句首修饰整个句子。这是一种较常见的语法现象。如：Personally,I believe you are right.我个人认为你是对的。3）此句中gone为形容词，表示“不在了”。【归纳拓展】 用作形容词时gone还有“过去了的；不见了的；已死的；用光了的”等意思，如： Summer is gone.夏天已经过去了。All my hope is gone.我的所有希望都破灭了。5. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.【句型剖析】There is no need to do sth 或There is no need for sth是固定搭配，意为“做某事没有必要；没必要”如There is no need to worry at all. 根本没必要着急。【归纳拓展】Theres no doubt sth./ that毫无疑问Theres no possibility that 不可能Theres no point in doing sth.做没用/没意义There is no point in complaining; they never take any notice.埋怨没用,人家根本不理睬。Its no good/ no harm/ no use doing sth.做某事没有好处Theres no use/ no good/ no point （in）doing sth.做某事没有用处/好处如，There is no point in arguing further.【即学即用】I do not think there is any need_(tell)all about it.(填空)（答案： to tell ）_（没有必要） worry about him._（没有用处） arguing with him.（答案：There is no need ; Its no use ）IV 语法聚焦英语中，过去分词可以用作宾语补足语。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：She found the door broken in when she came back.她回来时发现有人破门而入。(此句中过去分词作宾语补足语，与宾语door之间具有被动关系，表示一种状态。)为了使同学们对过去分词作宾语补足语的用法有一个系统而又具体的认识，本文对以下几种用法进行分析并加以概括，以利于大家掌握。解释例子过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep，leave等的后面。They kept the door locked for a long time.他们把门锁了好长一段时间。Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.不要让窗户一直像这样破着。“have+宾语+过去分词”可以表示两种含义。表示“让某人做某事”。如:I have had my bike repaired.我让人修了修我的自行车。The villagers had many trees planted just then.就在那时，村民们叫人种了许多树。表示“遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击”。如:My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.上个月，我姐姐的钱包在汽车上被偷了。The old man had his wrist broken in the accident.这位老人在事故中腕部摔坏了。在“make+宾语+过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须表示结果。I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高了嗓门以便被人家听到。They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English.他们用了很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。过去分词常用在感官动词watch，notice，see，hear，listen to，feel，find等的后面。When we got to school，we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。过去分词用在want，wish，like，expect，order等表示“希望，愿望，命令”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。The teacher wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment.老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。I want the suit made to his own measure.我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。My parents expected me to be well-prepared for the entrance examination.我父母希望我好好准备入学考试。过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带进来了，双手被反绑在后面。With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building，his house looks like a beautiful garden.周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园单元测试一、用框内所给词组的适当形式完成下列句子。 consist, of; divide into; leave out, take the place of, break down,in memory of, have influence on1. This word is wrongly spelt. You have _ a letter.2. The professor has suddenly fallen ill. Who can _ to give the lecture?3. The Roman Empire _ in 476 AD.4. The museum was built _ the great writer Lu Xun.5. The country _ nearly 200 islands.6. The cake _ four parts for us to share.7. My teacher _ me. Without his instruction, I doubt if I could be so successful.二、根据句子意思写出括号内所给单词的恰当形式。1. Mr Zhang is really a _（inspire） teacher. He can always inspire us to try our best to study.2. Lincolns death was a piece of _（astonish） news. The whole nation was _（shock） at the sad news.3. I was _（disappoint） for he didnt keep his promise to study hard.4. You are really _（disappoint）, how can you break your word again and again.5. The _（damage） car is beyond repair.6. I think the _（affect） patient needs to be isolated（隔离）.7. Look at the _（fly） kite. How beautiful it is!8. Dont disturb the _（sleep） baby.三、根据括号内所给的提示翻译下列句子。1. 现在很有必要马上通知他们会议取消了。_2. 为了不让野兽接近,我们让火通宵达旦地燃烧着。（keep, have ）_3. 在那种场合下你还惹麻烦真是丢人。_4. 当被问到为什么旷课时,他低着头不说话。_5. 他建议教室一天打扫两次。_6. 只有用这种方法你才能解决问题。_7. 孩子们不应受到谴责。（不用被动形式）_8. 你刚才说的话很有道理。_四、单项选择1. Our class _ of thirty-two boys and twenty-three girls.A. composes B. concludes C consists D. contains2. A quarrel _, which made him _ his family.A. was broken out; break awayB. broke out; break away fromC. was broken away; break downD. broke down; break out3. The girl looked at me with a _expression. Maybe the problem was quite _.A. puzzled; puzzling B. puzzling; puzzled C. puzzled; puzzled D. puzzling; puzzling4. Electric trains have now _ steam trains in England?A. taken place B. taken up C. taken on D. taken the place of5 The teacher _ his students_ five groups.A dividedinto B. separatedfrom .C. separatedinto D. dividedfrom6 As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends.A. spared B. lost . C separated D. missed7. Miss Zhou, as well as Mrs. Lin, _ good French.A. speak B. spoke C. spoken .D speaks8. This wire connects _ that one.A. to B. of C. on .D with9. Now when people refer to England you find Wales_ as well.A. include Bincluded C. including D. includes10. When I came back, I found the door _.A. lock B. locking C. to lock D locked11 five books on the shelf are found _.A. tear B. tearing C. tore D. torn12 e watched the whole house _ down.A burn B. burning C. burnt D. to be burnt13 He said he never heard this word _ in spoken English.A use B. used C. using D. to use14 S