2020届高三英语一轮复习必备精品：SB2 Bunit11——unit20专题一

2020;2020届高三英语一轮复习必备精品SB2 B(unit11unit20)专题一： 重点单词高考解读【高考导航】2020;2020高考命题趋向分析1 forbid的命题一直是高考的重点，考查该词的角度多考查forbid后的动词形式。该词后有两个结构 forbid sb. to do sth： forbid doing sth；forbid sb.s / sb doing sth 2020;2020年高考命题仍可能注重考查该词后动词的形式，或者把forbid与prevent,protect， persuade等词结合在一起辨析词义2 supply / provide / offer的区别是完形填空中的常见考点，解答此题从以下角度考虑：1.从语意上，supply用于定期供应，offer用于主动提供，provide用于急需情景中 2.从搭配上：ofer后接双宾语，provide / supply后接sb. with sth.3 demand的用法是高考的重点。主要考查demand作为动词时的用法，如下：demand to do sth. 要求干某事；demand sth. of sb.要求某人某事；demand of sb. to do sth.要求某人干某事；demand that +从句；sth. demand doing / to be done某物需要。此外demand与动词require，request的区别也是高考的重点4 sense用做名词时的固定短语的含义是高考考查的重点。如：make sense 有道理，有意义，讲得通；make no sense 毫无意义；make sense of 理解；in a/one sense 从某种意义上说；common sense 常识；lose ones sense 失去理智/知觉；a sense of direction/humor/beauty/duty 方向感 / 幽默感 / 美感 / 责任感5 attempt是高考重点单词。主要考查其作为动词及名词时的意义及固定用法。其中attempt / try / manage的词义辨析是高考考查的重点6matter作动词，意为“有关系；要紧”是高考常考点。另外matter构成的短语也是高考考查的重点，如：no matter：不要紧，无关紧要；no matter+特殊疑问词，意为无论；the matter意为有问题，麻烦事，出毛病； as a matter of fact意为事实上等【真题品析】1(06全国卷II) Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents did not _ her to do so .A. forbid B. allow C. follow D. ask【答案】 B 考查动词词义【点拨】 根据句意可知Mary的父母不允许她独自艺人环游世界，可以排除A，C两项。又C不存在follow sb. to do sth.2(2020;2020江苏高考)In our childhood, we were often _ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped【答案】 B 考查动词的词义辨析及搭配【点拨】 根据句意应该是Grandma经常提醒我们注意餐桌礼仪，可以排除C项；再从动词搭配来考虑，A项、D项都只能用不定式来直接作宾语，只有B项可接动词不定式作宾语。其中demand用法如下：demand sth.要求；demand to do sth. 要求做某事；demand sth. of/from sb.要求某人；demand that sb. (should) do sth.要求某人做某事3（2020;2020 高考）When cutting the cloth for my suit, leave enough at the edges to my getting fatter.A. supply of B. provide for C. provide against D. provide with【答案】 B 考查动词短语的词义辨析。【点拨】 provide for 为某事物可能发生作准备 provide against 预防、防备发生如：Canyouprovidefoodfor20persons?你能给20个人提供食物吗?Providechildrenwithagoodeducation.给孩子们提供良好的教育Haveyouprovidedagainstacoalshortagenextwinter?你是否已为明冬的煤荒作好了准备?4（08 福建卷）. Whats the _ of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion【答案】 A 考查名词的词义辨析【点拨】考查名词辨析。 A项sense“感觉，思考，意义”；B项matter“事件, 问题, 原因”；C项case “事, 案例，容器”；D项opinion“意见, 看法, 主张”。Whats the sense of？“有什么意义”5（04 高考）Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her firstA. intention B.attempt C.purpose D.desire【答案】 B 考查名词词义辨析【点拨】 本题考查名词词义辨析，其中A. intention意图，打算；B.attempt尝试 C.purpose 目的；D.desire渴望。根据题意on her first attempt 她第一次尝试6（2000 高考）It is ability to do the job_ matters not where you come from or what rou are.A .which B. that C.what D. who【答案】 B 考查强调句型【点拨】句中的matter是动词，意思是：“要紧，重要”，被强调的部分为ability to do the job，后半句则省略了相关成分，即：It is not where you come from or what rou are but the ability to do the job that matters.知识网络【考点概览】1.arrange 2.forbid3. hesitate 4. matter5.locate 6.failure7. perfect 8 absorb9sense 10 range11 demand 12 benefit13 guarantee 14 supply15 marriage 16 attempt17 application 18 reject19 shameful 20 deepen21 declare 22 spare精讲点拨考点一：arrange【基础过关】 arrange vt. / vi.1. 整理;布置 2. 安排;筹备+to-v+that+n. +for sb. to doShe arranged the flowers in a vase. 她把花瓶里的花插好。It was arranged that they should leave the following spring. 已安排他们于第二年春天离开。I will arrange everything. 我会安排一切的。I have arranged to meet her at ten oclock. 我约定在十点钟会见她。I have arranged for a car to meet you at the airport.我已经准备了一辆汽车到机场接你。【拓展延伸】arrange for 安排, 准备arrange with sb. about sth. 与某人商定某事arrange with sb. to do sth. 与某人商定做某事arrange for sb. /sth. to do 使某事物发生，确保某事物发生，准备，设法arrangement 安排，整理，计划，准备We could make an arrangement to meet at 10 oclock. 我们可以安排在10点钟见面【典型例题】The shop keeps a wide _ of goods.A. range B. arrange C.rearrange D. arrangement【答案】 A 考查名词，动词词性及词义辨析【点拨】 range 是“范围”的意思。a wide range of 范围广的， 句意为：该店可供选择的商品广泛考点二：forbid【基础过关】forbid v. 禁止；不准 过去式：forbade 过去分词：forbiddenforbid的基本用法：forbid sth. / doing sth. / sb. to do sth. / sb.s doing sth./ sb. sth. / that如：1.他们禁止这一聚会 They forbid the meeting.2.学校不允许学生抽烟 The school forbids students to smoke.or The school forbids students smoking.3.她不许他喝酒。 She forbade him wine.4.我禁止你进入此室。 I forbid that you (should) enter the room.【拓展延伸】1. forbid sb. to do sth = forbid sb.s / sb doing sth2. forbid that 从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，should+v；其中的should可以省略3. forbid反义词为： allow， permit 其用法如下allow / permit +sb. to do sth. allow / permit doing sth.【典型例题】There is a board by the road, which _ “Parking _!”A. writes; forbidding B. reading ; forbiddingC. says ; forbidden D. saying ;forbidden【答案】 C 考查定语从句与分词【点拨】 which引导的定语从句，第一个空格应填谓语动词，第二个空格与parking构成被动关系考点三：hesitate【基础过关】 hesitate v. 踌躇;犹豫；有疑虑,不愿意Dont hesitate about that. Do it at once.对于那件事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧He hesitates at nothing. 他从不优柔寡断.He did not hesitate to ask her to sit beside him.他毫不犹豫地请她坐在他身旁Please dont hesitate to call me.不必犹豫，打电话给我好了He who hesitates is lost. 谚当断不断, 必受其患【拓展延伸】hesitate为动词，意为；踌躇;犹豫；有疑虑,不愿意 后接at / about / over sth.或to do sth.名词： hesitation 形容词： hesitant【典型例题】 完成句子1 Im rather _ about signing this.2 Dont _ to tell us if you have a problem.3. His frequent _ annoyed the audience.4. Hes still _ about joining the army.【答案】1. hesitant 2. hesitate 3. hesitations 4. hesitating考点四： matter【基础过关】 matter n. / v.1 matter用作名词，意为 问题;事件；麻烦事,毛病； 物质； (文章等的)素材,内容;主题It was a matter of life and death for them.这事对他们来说是生死攸关。Theres something the matter with this car.这辆汽车有点毛病。 Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.物质以三种形态存在,即固态、液态和气态2. matter 用作不及物动词 vi. . (常用于否定句和疑问句)有关系,要紧All these things do not matter now.所有这一切现在都无关紧要了It matters little if I miss my bus.即使我没搭上车也没什么了不起【拓展延伸】 关于matter的重要短语及句型：as a matter of fact 事实上；实际上其实in the matter of sth. 关于某事物its all / only a matter of time 只是迟早的事as a matter of course 理所当然的事； （按照）常规to make matters worse 更糟的是a matter of life and death 生死攸关的事情； 成败关键no matter who / what / where 无论谁 /什么 /何处 【典型例题】Its wrong for a student to follow _ his teachers say.Its true. I cant agree _ .A. no matter what; to much B. whatever; muchC. no matter what; more D. whatever; more【答案】 D 考查名词性从句【点拨】 no matter what不能引导宾语主语从句，只能引导状语从句；I eart agree more.表示我非常赞同。考点五： locate【基础过关】 locate 动词，意为：1.找出，指出的位置；2.使坐落于；将安置在某处；3.安顿； 定居某处1.Im trying to locate Mr. Smith. Do you know where he is?我要找史密斯先生，你知道他在哪里吗？2.The information is located in the city center.咨询处设在市中心3.After I retire Im going to locate in California.退休后我打算在加州定居【拓展延伸】locate与lie辨析Locate可作及物动词，意为找出，指出的位置；2使坐落于；将安置在某处；Lie 为不及物动词，意为： 撒谎； 平卧，躺； 位于； 存在，无被动语态如：1.Beijing lies in the north of China.北京位于中国的北方2. The white church was located on a hill.那座白色的教堂坐落在小山丘上Locate的名词为 location【典型例题】 完成句子1 A new factory _（准备建在）this site.2 The company _the west coast. （设在）3 Id rather use my money _（也不想存在银行里）4 The cure for stress _（在于学会放松）5. Im tring to _ （找）Mr. Smith. Do you know where he is?【答案】1. is to be located on 2 . locate on3. than leave it lying in the bank 4. lies in learning to relax5. to locate考点六：failure【基础过关】failure 名词 n. 意为： 失败，不成功； 失败的人，尝试或事物； 不足，缺乏，失灵，故障 如；1. 失败UAll my efforts ended in failure.我所有的努力都失败了2. 失败者;不及格者;失败的尝试(或经验)CThe new restaurant was a failure and soon closed.那家新饭店经营无方,不久便关了门He was a failure as a teacher.他当过老师却不称职3 缺乏,不足，衰退;故障UCThe drought caused crop failure.干旱造成农作物歉收She died of (a) heart failure. 她死于心脏衰竭4【美】不及格U(+in)He was upset by his failure in the exam.他因考试不及格而感到沮丧。【拓展延伸】 failure的动词形式为：fail 用法如下：1 不及物动词 vi. 失败。He failed in everything he tried. 他做一切事情都失败了。. 不及格She failed in the examination. 她这次考试不及格 失灵;失去作用The engine failed. 引擎出故障了 (指健康)衰退;变弱;消失His hearing is failing. 他的听觉在衰退. 缺乏,不足;(作物)歉收The crops failed for two years running. 农作物连续两年歉收2及物动词 vt. 失败;不能;忘记Y+to-vHe did very well, but failed to break the record.他做得很出色,但未破记录。. 没有通过(考试),评定(学生)不及格The professor failed almost half of the class.该教授给班上几乎一半人评了不及格使失望;有负于His courage failed him. 他失去了勇气【典型例题】_ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail B. FailedC. To fail D. Having failed【答案】 D 考查分词的时态【点拨】 根据句意，可知we与fail为主动关系，而且Having failed to reach them on the phone发生在谓语sent动作之前，所以使用分词的完成时态考点七： perfect【基础过关】perfect adj. 完备的；完全的； 完美的；无暇的；优异的；最佳的；理想的如： 情况完好 in perfect condition美好的天气 perfect weather人无完人 Nobody is perfect最适合野餐的日子 perfect day for a picnic一派胡言 perfect rubbish十足的傻瓜 a perfect fool【拓展延伸】 perfect 还可用作动词，意为：使某事物完善，完美，完备She went to France to perfect her French.她为提高法语水平曾去法国perfect 的名词为： perfection n. 完善，完美，完备； 尽善尽美的状况或质量；理想副词为；perfectly adj. 完美地；完全地；十分； 极，非常，绝对地【典型例题】-The young man is good at a lot of things but you cant say he is _-I agree with you .Actually no one is.A.wonderful B. splendid C. perfect D. complete【答案】 C 考查形容词词义辨析【点拨】形容词词义辨析题。A.wonderful 神奇的，惊奇的 B. splendid壮丽的，华丽的C. perfect 完美的，无缺点的 D. complete 完全的，彻底的。根据上下语境，C项符合题意。考点八： absorb【基础过关】absorb及物动词 vt.1. 吸收(液体,气体,光,声等)Dry sand absorbs water.干沙吸水。2. 汲取,理解(知识等)Clever children absorb knowledge easily.聪明孩子容易吸收知识3. 使全神贯注;吸引(注意等)The old man was utterly absorbed in the book. 老人全神贯注地读这本书4. 合并(公司等);吞并(+into)Small businesses are absorbed by big ones. 小公司被大公司吞并了。【拓展延伸】 be absorbed in 专心于，全神贯注于 ；其同义词组有：be devoted to；apply ones mind to； dedicate oneself tobe buried in； be lost in； be occupied in ；be preoccupied in； be engrossed inbe bent on； concentrate on； fix ones attention on【典型例题】The old man was able to make small children remain_ in her story all the time .A. absorbed B. absorbing C. to absorb D. being absorbed【答案】 A 考查系动词的用法【点拨】remain为系动词，后接形容词，名词或分词做表语。be absorbed in 意为：专心于、全神贯注于。考点九： sense【基础过关】 sense 作为名词，意义及用法如下；1 感觉官能 the five senses 五种感觉官能2 感觉;意识;观念 She has no sense of time. 她没有时间观念。Your brother has a good sense of humor. 你兄弟很有幽默感3.识别力，常识，见识 There is a lot of sense in what he says.他说的话很有见地4. senses 健全的心智，思维的能力 lose ones senses 失去理智5道理，目的What is the sense of doing that？为什么要做那件事呢？6意义 What he said makes no sense.他所说的毫无意义sense 也可用作动词，意为：意识到；察觉到I sensed that I had made a serious mistake.我意识到自己犯了个严重的错误【拓展延伸】 sense构成的短语；理解；明白 make sense of有意义；讲得通 make sense无意义；讲不通 make no sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说 in a sense决不是，决非 in no sense失去理智 lose ones senses幽默感 a sense of humor做什么没有道理/没有必要 There is no sense in doing sth.苏醒 come to ones sensessense 的拓展词； senseless 无意义的，失去知觉的sensible 合理的； 明智的sensitive 敏感的，灵敏的【典型例题】Dogs have a very good _ of smell and are oten used to search for survivors in an earthauake.A. sense B. view C. means D. idea【答案】 A 考查名词辨析【点拨】 a very good sense of smell 嗅觉灵敏。sense：感觉，感官；view ： 想法，观点，视域，景色；means：方式，方法；idea：想法，主意考点十： range【基础过关】range n. 山脉, 行列, 范围, 射程vt.排列, 归类于, 使并列in/within/out of/beyond range 在射程内（外）beyond the range of 超越范围out of ones range 某人达不到的range from to 在范围内变化1）.The new technology has opened up a very wide range of possibilities.2) .The childrens ages range from 5 to15. 孩子们的年龄在5到15岁之间3）They were ranged against us. 他们站在反对我们的一边【拓展延伸】 vary v.改变，变动，变化vary fromto vary with vary on That sort of thing varies from person to person. 那种事因人而异。Prices vary with seasons. 物价随季节而变动Opinions vary on this point.对这一点看法各异【典型例题】The temperature _ from 15 to 35 degrees.A. spread B. move C. range D. shift【答案】C 考查动词词义【点拨】spread使伸展,使延伸；撒;散布,传播;普及 move使移动,搬动;开动；使感动推动；shift替换,更换;变动,改变。而range from to 在范围内变化；故选C。考点十一：demand【基础过关】demand vt. 要求，需要；盘问，质问 n. 要求，需要He came down and demanded to know what was going on.他走过来，询问发生了什么事。The road demands widwning./ to be widened.道路需要加宽Medical workers are in great demand in that area.那个地方非常需要医疗工作者Is there much demand for teacher in that town?这个城镇很需要老师吗？规律总结：demand to do sth. 要求干某事demand sth. of sb.要求某人某事demand of sb. to do sth.要求某人干某事demand that +从句sth. demand doing / to be done某物需要on demand一经要求in demand 有需要demand an apology from sb. 要求某人道歉demanding adj. 对他人要求高的；苛求的【拓展延伸】require / demand / requestrequire指较为正式和严肃的要求，体现履行的责任和义务，句型为require sb.to do sth.或require+that从句（用should虚拟语气）；表示“某人或某物被需要”时，其用法为require doing / to be donedemand 表示“强烈的要求”，“不容否认的要求”提出要求者认为自己有权利这样做。request 表示“请求”指一种礼貌的行为，语气较弱 sth. （of / from sb.）to do sth.request sb. to do sth.that+ 主语+should +do【典型例题】He demanded _ here in time.A. us to get B. that we arrivedc. we arrive D. that we had reached【答案】 C 考查动词的用法【点拨】demand后不能接不定式的复合结构，故A不正确 。后跟that从句时常跟虚拟语气，即：shoud+动词原形考点十二：benefit【基础过关】benefit 1. n. 利益；好处public benefit公共利益 a benefit concert慈善音乐会 unemployment benefit(s) 失业救济金I got a lot of benefit from learning a foreign language.从学习外语中我得到很多益处。be of ( some / much / no / little )benefit to vt. 对 有裨益Your advice is of great benefit to me. 你的建议对我很有帮助The book wasnt of much benefit to me. 这本书对我作用不大for the benefit of 为了（的利益）for the benefit of ones health 为了健康的利益2. benefit vt.& vi. 有益于；受益；有助于The reforms will benefit working families.这些变革将使职工家庭得到好处The company benefited from selling a new product.这家公司从销售新的产品中受益。【拓展延伸】 beneficial adj. 有益的； 有利的；有用的；有好处的be beneficial to 对有益 Water is beneficial toboth plants and animals.水对植物和动物都有益。 It is said that Yoga is of great benefit tohuman health.据说瑜珈对人体健康有很大好处。 He was travelling for the benefit of his health. 为了身体健康，他出去旅行了 We benefit a lot from the Internet.我们从互联网上获益很多。 We benefit greatly by his frank talk.他坦率的谈话使我们受益非浅【典型例题】The organization was founded for the _of poor children.A. benefit B. advantage C. interest D. value【答案】 A 考查名词的辨析【点拨】 for the benefit of 为了（的利益）考点十三： guarantee【基础过关】guarantee vt. 保证；担保 n. 保证, 保证书, 担保, 抵押品用法如下：guarantee sb.sth. / to do sth. /thatThe rain guarantees a good crop this year. 这场雨保证了今年有好收成。I guarantee that youll like this book.我管保你会喜欢这本书Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers.许多店主对顾客许诺定让他们满意。Blue skies are not always a guarantee of fine weather.蔚兰的天空并不永远保证晴朗的天气My watch is guaranteed for one year.我的表保修一年【拓展延伸】句型：give sb a guarantee that向某人保证 guarantee to do sth保证干某事There is no guarantee that.不能保证 guarantee that保证under guarantee在保修期内My watch is still under guarantee. 我的表还在保修期内He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again.他向我保证这事绝不会再发生。There is no guarantee that he will come.不能保证他一定会来【典型例题】Working hard is not only a _of great success, but is among the essential requirements.A. sign B. signal C. guarantee D. supposition【答案】 C. 考查名词词义辨析【点拨】 名词词义辨析题。sign：记号，符号；招牌，指示牌； 示意动作；迹象，征兆；signal ：信号， 暗号，手势；guarantee：保证, 保证书, 担保, 抵押品； supposition：假定，假想，推测考点十四：supply【基础过关】supply n. C，U 供应量；补给品(常用复数)；供给。如：固定短语 the water supply 供水 in short supply 供应不足supply and demand 供求关系be well/poorly supplied with 供有大量（少量）supply teacher 代课老师Our supplies were running out. 我们的补给品快要用光了The electricity supply was cut off.电力供应被切断了。supply vt. （尤指大量）供应；供给。用法：supply sb. with sth. / supply sth. to sb.Dictionaries supply us with information about words and phrases.字典给我们提供有关词和短语的知识。Our farm supplies the market with fruits and vegetables.我们的农场为市场提供水果和蔬菜We supply power to the three nearby towns. 我们对附近的三个城镇提供电力。【拓展延伸】supply / provide / offer 辨析供应某人某物：supply sb. with sth.= supply sth. to vide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb.offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to vided / providing that 在条件或情况下； 假若；倘若如果天气良好，我们的假日将过得非常好Providing that we get good weather,it will be a successful holiday.【典型例题】 完成句子；1. I will agree to go _my expenses are paid.2. Let us hope this research will _the evidence we need.3. He kept me well _ with cups coffee while I did my homework.4. She _ a reward for the return of her lost nacklace.5. He works in a company _heating oil to homes.【答案】 1. provided / providing 2 . provide3. supplied 4. offered 5. supplying考点十五：marriage【基础过关】marriage名词 n.1. 结婚,婚姻UCan offer of marriage 求婚After 10 years of marriage, they are divorcing.他们结婚十年了，现在正闹离婚2婚礼CThe marriage will take place in May. 婚礼将于五月举行。