2020届高三英语书面表达过程性训练材料五 新课标 人教版

2020届高三英语书面表达过程性训练材料五四川省成都市新都一中张世明Part A 写作基本理论 英文写作基础动词(一)写作的基础是词汇。词汇是表达思想的基本要素。动词文章是由句子组成的。每一个句子都少不了谓语。而担任谓语的是动词。对于一个很活跃的动词，我们应该掌握以下几个方面：一. 准确的读音和拼写听得懂，说得出是写作的基础。只有掌握了正确读音，才能做到这一点。只有正确的拼写才能准确无误地传达信息。太多的拼写错误会影响书面表达的得分。二. 基本意义三. 常用其它意义除了基本意义之外，这些词在其它语境中还会有不同的意义，有自己的使用范畴。因此，只掌握基本意义是不够的。四. 常见搭配我们所说的搭配，不仅包括动词与介词副词的搭配，而且包括与名词搭配的意义。以动词make为例。make的基本意义是“制作”，而make beds意思是“整理床铺”，make use of意思是“利用”，make money挣钱，make a fortune: “发财”，make faces“做鬼脸”等等。五. 过去式与过去分词在书面表达中很少用到一般现在时，除非是表示规律性和反复发生的动作，当涉及时态时，就会用到动词的过去式过去分词和现在分词等形式。因此，熟练掌握一些常用不规则动词的过去式和过去分词是非常必要的。这里，我们为同学们列出书面表达中经常使用的一些动词的形式。为了记忆方便，将它们分成AAA，ABB，AAB，ABA和ABC五种形式。一个字母代表一种形式。AAA: cut, set, cost, hurt, let, put, set, shut, spread, readABB: bend bent bent bring brought broughtbuild built built burn burnt burntbuy bought bought catch caught caughtdeal dealt dealt feed fed fedfeel felt felt fight fought foughtfind found found get got gothang hung hung (挂)have had hadhear- heard heard hide hid hidhold held held keep kept keptlay laid laid lead led ledleave left leftlend lent lentlight lit lit lose lost lostmake made made mean meant meantmeet met met pay paid paidsay said said sell sold soldsend sent sent shine shone shoneshoot shot shot sit sat satsleep slept slept spend spent spentstand stood stood stick stuck stucksweep swept sweptteach taught taughttell told told think thought thoughtunderstand understood understoodwin won wonAAB:beat beat beatenABA:become became become come came comerun ran runABC:bear bore born begin began begunbite bit bitten blow blew blownbreak broke broken do did donedraw drew drawn drink drank drunkdrive drove driven eat ate eatenfall fell fallenfly flew flownforbid forbade forbiddenforgive forgave forgivengive gave given forget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozen go went gonegrow grew grown know knew knownlie lay lain ride rode riddenring rang rung rise rose risensee saw seen shake shook shakensing sang sung sink sank sunkspeak spoke spoken steal stole stolenswear swore swornswim swam swumtake took taken tear tore tornthrow threw thrown wake woke wokenwear wore worn write wrote written六. 及物动词与不及物动词英语动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。这一点与中文差别较大。表达同样的意思时，中文可以接宾语，而英文却不行，需要更换另一个及物动词，或接介词。这种现象是很常见的。如：arrive(vi.) / reach( vt. ): When did you reach the top of the mountain?When did you arrive at the top of the mountain?sit / seat : He is sitting in the sofa.He seated himself in the sofa. / He is seated in the sofa.lie / lay: He was lying in bed.He laid himself in bed.rise / raise: The prices keep rising.I raised my voice but still couldnt make myself heard.listen / hear: I asked him to listen to me carefully.Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.But I cant hear anything.look / see: We looked at each other and smiled.Then I saw something strange.此外，常用不及物动词：come, go, run, walk, work, live, stay, sleep, travel, fight (against), think (of / about), speak (to)(speak English除外)，talk (to, with), happen, take place, break out, appear, agree (with), belong (to), insist (on), die, fail, succeed (in), knock (at), reply (to), rush, wait (for), worry (about)七. 后接宾语的形式在及物动词中，有些后面要求接不定式作宾语，有些要求接动词的 ing 形式。要分类记忆。v. + to do1. wish to do2. hope to do3. promise to do4. decide to do5. refuse to do6. agree to do7. expect to do8. manage to do9. fail to do10. prefer to do11. plan to do 12. want to do13. ought to do14. have to do15. used to do/be used to do 16. seem to do17. would like to do18. in order to do19. so as to do20. set out to do21. make up ones mind to do22. It takes sb. some time to do23. be going to do24. be about to do25. happen to do26. pretend to do/to have done/to be doing27. be thought/believed /said /reported to do28. have no choice but to dov. + doing1. enjoy doing 2. risk doing3. avoid doing4. keep doing5. practise doing6. suggest doing / sb.s doing / that sb. (should) do7. miss doing8. finish doing9. allow / permit doing 10. delay doing11. resist doing 12. consider doing13. mind doing / sb.s doing / if sb. do14. imagine doing 15. deny doing八. 瞬时动词有些动作瞬间发生，不能延续。如：die, begin, start, join, enter, arrive, borrow, lend, buy, marry等等。I have arrived in Beijing for two days.（ ）I have been in Beijing for two days. （ ）How long may I borrow the book? （ ）How long may I keep the book? （ ）They have married for ten years. （ ）They have been married for ten years. （ ）The film has begun for ten minutes.（ ）The film has been on for ten minutes. （ ）How long have you bought the TV set? （ ）How long have you had the TV set? （ ）The writer has died for 2 years. （ ）The writer has been dead for 2 years. （ ）以take为例：I. 基本意思为：“拿走带走 ”。还有“花时间占据乘交通工具”等多种意义。不规则动词，过去式是took, 过去分词为taken。1. Dont forget to your raincoat with you when you go out. （带走）2. He was taken away by the police. （被动）3. Im sorry I took your bicycle by mistake. （拿）4. It took us three hours to do the operation. （花时间）5. If you my advice, youll have no trouble doing it. （采纳）6. Dont everything in the newspaper for granted. （认为）7. I like the red blouse. Ill it. （买）8. When are you taking your driving test?（参加）9. Why not a taxi? （乘）10. Take the medicine three times a day. （服药）11. 与某些名词连用，表示这个动作。take a look = to look take a rest / (take a break) = to resttake a walk take a risk take a shower take a deep breathtake advantage ofII. 常见搭配take notes take ones temperature take care (of)take part (in) take an interest in take photos (of)take a seat take something as an exampleIII. 常见的短语动词1. take away: All his belongings have been taken away from him.2. take back: I take back what I said.3. take off: In spite of the bad weather, the plane took off on time.Mum asked me to take off my shoes.I went to an exhibition, so I took a few days off.4. take on : The old city has taken on a new look.5. take out: He took out a newspaper and began to read.Part B 写作必备素材议论文规劝恶习、见解评说 Different people have got different attitudes towards failure. Different people have different opinions about smoking. Opinions are divided on the question. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fee. On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged. There are always two aspects(方面) to any situation. Everything lives with opposite forces. The same can be said about modern technology, such as Internet. Some (foolish) people seem to think/believe/hold the view that smoking is an enjoyment. But in fact, smoking does great harm to peoples health. We must try to persuade people to give up smoking. It is investigated that 30% of the computers are used to play games. According to a recent investigation, Playing games on computers can be a waste of time. Its been proved that early rising can make people full of energy. Early rising helps to keep fit. As the English proverb says, “Early to bed and early to rise, make a man healthy, wealthy and wise.” Experts suggest that people should have regular sports every day. Study shows that cigarette smoking can cause cancers. In addition to health problems, there are other reasons to give up smoking. From the above, I come to the conclusion that smoking does great harm to our health. From now on, we ought to break away from the bad habit and form a good one. Millions of smokers die from illness caused by smoking tobacco. My suggestions are as follows. As future builders of our country, we should make full use of our time to work hard ,and do things to benefit our country. As we all know, spending too much time on TV may have bad effects on our work and health, especially on our eyes. Therefore, we should be aware of(注意) when to watch, how to watch, and what to watch. There are many ways of keeping good health. Nowadays, taxies bring people a lot of convenience, but also cause a lot of trouble. Regulations should be laid down for taxi drivers.(应该专门为出租车司机指定交通规则) Now more and more students are getting near-sighted in schools, because they have paid little attention to the care of their eyes.近年来高考英语书面表达中的难句第五节： 表达方位和位置1. The United States lies between two oceans The Atlantic and Pacific. North of it is Canada and south of it is Mexico.2. The holiday village lies to the east of Wan Hai Tower, one of the four most famous towers in China. 3. The man-made lake lies northeast of the hill and southeast of the tower. 4. The forest is about 80 miles west of Chengdu.5. At the party Li Ping sat on the opposite side of Jenny.6. At the evening Rose was seated next to Maria. 7. On the front wall hangs a portrait of the world-famous general.8. In the middle of the classroom were some teachers attending the class.9. At the back of the school there is a polluted river, giving dirty smell in summer. 10. In the front of the school, there is a beautiful garden where the students can have a rest after class.Part C 2020年高考写作基本功训练(词组部分)201. 为引以为自豪202. 做自我介绍203. 对某事负责204. 站不住205. 倒在地上206. 摇下车窗207. 想出好主意208. 挡道209. 以高价卖出210. 畅销211. 为某事付出昂贵代价212. 下班回家213. 克服困难214. 向某人求教/助215. 把撞倒/翻216. 追求217. 交叉双腿/手218. 乘坐汽车去219. 向进发220. 提供优质服务221. 免费参观222. 监视某人223. 给某人一个惊奇224. 正在玩耍/吃饭/工作/休息/购物225. 索回/要回226. 调查某事227. 罚款228. 撕/切/推开229. 因批评某人230. 对羞愧231. 张开双臂拥抱某人232. 讲礼貌233. 挣扎着站起来234. 追赶某人235. 情绪高涨236. 为做准备237. 团结在一起238. 帮助某人摆脱困境 239. 取消会议240. 全力以赴做某事241. 超速242. 减速243. 研究某事244. 泡茶/咖啡245. 端饭246. 摔成碎片247. 带某人旅行248. 依然如旧249.塑造性格250. 发展个性251. (身体)垮了252. 去(来)营救某人253. 站起来 254. 远道而来2020年高考写作基本功训练(句子汉译英部分)1. 他迅速走过去把老人扶起来。2. 我们跟着那小偷进了商店，并在他偷一位老人的钱的时候抓住了他的手。3. 看到一块大石头挡住了去路，他们只得下车，并且费了九牛二虎的力气才把它移到路边。4. 虽然他大声呼救，但无人来帮他。5. 上个周日，当我们正在去公园的路上，一场大雨倾盆而下。结果我们浑身湿透了。6. 王宏每天在吃完饭后，帮妈妈收拾桌子，这己经成为了惯例。7. 他伸手去够书架上的那本书，但却摔倒在地上。8. 我看见一位老人背着一个大包在雪地里费力地走着。9. 那个骑车人撞倒了正在过马路的孩子。10. 班长在墙上贴了一个通知，通知说：运动会因为下雪推迟到下周五。Part D 十年高考英语写作真题及范文分析、总结、背诵、默写(NMET 1995NMET 2020)2020年普通高等学校招生全国英语统一考试书面表达试题假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Bob将于九月到你所在城市的建新华文学校学中文，来信请你在学校附近为他找一套住房。请根据图画提供的信息，写信介绍住房的情况，并告知住房面积为25平方米，月租500元。注意： 1词数：100左右。 2参考词汇：房租 rent (n .)。内容要点：1开头 2公寓（一室带浴室、厨房） 3面积、家具（25平米、床、沙发、书桌、椅子）4公寓位置（芳草街，离学校一站远） 5月租500元 6结尾说明：1内容要点可用不同方式表达。2对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。3开头、结尾的内容须合乎逻辑、语言得体。2020年全国卷II假设你是李华，加拿大一所学校将于今年暑假组织学生来你校访问。其间，Andy Smith将借住你家。请你代表全家写信给Andy，欢迎他的到来，并告知有关事宜。信的要点如下： 上午：学校活动 下午：游览市区 晚上：看电视，玩游戏，聊天注意：1词数：100左右2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯3，参考词汇：安排arrangePart E 书面表达周周练EX. 1假使你叫李华，是高一学生，你所在学校和美国California州一所中学实施互派“exchange students”的友好合作项目，你家被定为“host family”，一个名叫John Stephenson的将在你家住三年。现在，请根据下面的提示，以李华的名义给John Stephenson发一封e-mail，告诉他有关情况。提示：1、得知他的到来全家人非常高兴。父母已为他准备好了一个房间，既可作卧室也可作书房。2、你们可以一起上学、锻炼身体、上网、参观访问，还可以互相学彼此的语言等。3、相信你们将对彼此的国家和人民有更多的了解，会一起度过一段美好的时光。EX. 2 : 你校同学进行了一场有关高考英语听力测试的讨论。讨论的主题是：高考英语测试中的听力部分该不该取消?请你根据王表中的提示写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况。一些同学认为另一些同学认为1不应该取消2听是学习语言基本技能之一，不能忽视3听是获取信息的重要途径之一4国际合作日益增多，听、说能力应加强1应该取消2考试中各地收听效果好坏不一，不公平3英语教师和语音设备城乡差异过大4今后并非人人都要与外国人进行口头交流 参考词汇：取消cancel 国际合作international cooperationDear John:参考答案How happy my family are when we know youll stay with us for 3 years! My parents have already prepared a room with things you need for you. It can serve both as a bed room and a study as well. We will be able to share such a lot of pleasant hours as going to school, taking exercises, surfing on the Internet and visiting places together. Whats exciting and interesting is that we can exchange language lessons, with you teaching me English, and me teaching you Chinese! Im sure that we will be able to know each others country and people better, and that we will have a very happy time together!Looking forward to seeing you!YoursLi HuaThe students of our school had a discussion about whether listening test in the National Matriculation English Test should be kept or canceled. Some students think that listening test should not be canceled. They insist listening is among the four basic skills. We therefore can not ignore it. Besides, listening is one of the important channels for us to get information from the outside world. So it should be strengthened today when international cooperation is becoming more and more frequent. But others don t agree. They think not everyone has to communicate with foreigners in the future. Moreover, listening test is unfair to the students in the areas where radio signals cannot be picked up effectively. And for certain reasons, there is a big difference in teachers and equipment between the countryside and the city.NMET 2020Dear Bob,Im so glad to learn that youre coming in September. Ive found a place for you. Its a small flat of 25 square meters, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair. The rent is 500 yuan per month. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxiu Chinese School. Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school. In fact, its only one stop. Do you think youd like it? If not, I can try and find another place for you. Just let me know. Yours，Li HuaNMET 2020Dear Andy,I am glad to learn that you are coming to China and will stay at my home.My parents and I are very pleased to have you with us. Now let me tell you what we have arranged for you. I know the school will organize a lot of things for you to do in the morning, but in the afternoon, Ill show you around and take you to some places of interest. Well mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. Im sure well have a wonderful time and enjoy each others company.Im looking forward very much to meeting you soon.Yours sincerely,Li Hua200. pass sth down (on) from generation to generation201. take great pride in / be proud of 202. give a brief introduction to oneself203. answer for sth/ have the responsibility for sth204. cant keep ones balance/ cant stand on ones feet205. fall onto the ground206. roll down the window of the car207. come up with a good idea/ think up a good idea208. get/step in ones way209. sell sth at a high price210. sell well / become the best seller211.pay a high price for 212. come back from work213. get over / overcome the difficulties214. turn to sb for help/advice215. knock sb down/ over/ off 216. go after217. cross ones hands/ legs218. take a bus to 219. head(off) for 220. provide good service for the people221. pay a free visit to 222. keep an eye over sb/sth223. give sb a big surprise224. be at table/rest/work/the shopping mall225. get sth back226. look into sth227. fine sb/ give sb a ticket228. A. cut/tear/push open229. criticize sb for sth/doing sth230. be shameful of sth231. extend ones arms to hug sb232. mind ones manners233. struggle to ones feet234. run after sb235. be in high spirits236. make a preparation for sth237. stick close together238. help sb out of trouble239. call off the meeting240. go all out to do sth/ make every effort to do sth241. speed up242. slow down243. make a study of sth / do the research into sth244. make coffee/tea245. serve meals/ dinner246. break into pieces/ break sth into pieces247. take sb on a trip248. remain the same as ever before/ remain unchanged249. build up ones character250. develop ones personality251. (ones health/ body) break down/fall down252. come/go to ones rescue253. rise to ones feet254. come all the way to / come around to Translation:1. He went over quickly to help the old man to his feet.2. We followed the thief into the shop and caught him while he was stealing the money from an oldman who was doing the shopping there.3. Seeing a big stone getting in the way, they had to get out of the car and gathered all their strengthto remove it to the roadside.4. Though he was shouting for help in a loud voice, nobody came to his rescue.5. Last Sunday when we were on the way to the park, a big rain poured down. As a result, we werewet all over.6. Wang Hong helped his mother to clear away the dishes after supper, as is often the rule.7. He reached for the book on the shelf, but he fell onto the ground heavily.8. I saw an old man walking in the snow with greatest difficulty with a big bag.9. The cyclist knocked down the child crossing the street.10. The monitor stuck a notice on the wall, which read, “The Sports meet will be put off until nextFriday due to the snow.”11. That driver paid a high price for the speed-up.12. I was thinking twice about how to solve the difficult problem when a good idea flashed acrossmy mind.13. During the summer vacation, most of my classmates took up a part-time job, while I stayed inthe hospital to look after my sick mother.14. When the foreign friends walked out of the school gate, we saw them waving their hands to greetus again.15. While we were heading for the airport, an unexpected traffic accident took place.16. He apologized to me for his taking my dictionary b