2020届高三英语第二轮复习考点 第12讲 单项选择——特殊句式(强调、倒装及其他)精讲精炼

2020;2020届高三英语第二轮复习考点精讲精炼第12讲 单项选择特殊句式(强调、 倒装及其他)强调句的正确运用 倒装句的正确运用反意疑问句的正确运用 省略句的正确运用特殊句式在语境中的正确运用(延边F)经典易错题会诊(延边F)命题角度l(延边F)强调句的正确运用1. (延边F) (典型例题精选) It wasn t until nearly a month later I received the managers reply.A. since B. when C. as D. that(延边F) 考场错解 B(延边F) 专家把脉很多考生误以为用when来引导时间状语从句，分析本句结构会发现，本句实际上是由It is/was not untilthat结构构成的强调句。(延边F) 对症下药 D2. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) that he managed to get that in formation? Oh, a friend of his helped him.A. Where was it B. What was itC. How was it D. Why was it(延边F) 考场错解 B(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查it引导的强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他成分。由上下文逻辑可知，a friend of his helped him是he man aged to get that information的方式，所以被强调部分应该是how。(延边F) 对症下药 C3. (延边F) (典型例题精选)It is what you do rather than what you say matters.A. that B. what C. which D. this(延边F) 考场错解 C(延边F) 专家把脉 该题考查强调句型。本题原形是“What you do mther than what you say matters”，所以该空格处应填入山at。(延边F) 对症下药 A4(延边F) (典型例题精选just wonder that makes him so excitedAwhy it does Bwhat he doeSChow it is Dwhat it is(延边F) 考场错解 B(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查强调句型。强调在句子中做 wonder的宾语，把it is that去掉句意仍然完整，故应选D。(延边F) 对症下药 D5. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选It was after he got what he had desired _ he realized it was not so important.A. that B. when C. since D. as(延边F) 考场错解 B(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查强调句型。强调after引导的时间状语从句，去掉it wasthat句意仍然完整。(延边F) 对症下药 A6. (延边F) (典型例题精选) It was on September 1 st he became a member of our school.A. when B. that C. / D. till(延边F) 考场错解 A(延边F) 专家把脉 本句实际上是一个强调句，强调的部分是on September lst若去掉lt wasthat后，该句仍然成立。(延边F) 对症下药 B(延边F)专家会诊硬用强调句时，应该注意如下几点：1(延边F)强调状语：It is tomorrow that we will hold the meeting(that不能换成when) h was on tlle sports ground that I found it(that不能换成where)2(延边F)强调含有notuntil结构的句子时，要用 lt is/was not untilthat结构。that后的句子要用肯定句，且须用陈述语序。3(延边F)强调句和主语从句句型(指“It+be+adj/n+that砒从句”类型)的异同点：二者均有It bethat/ who之类的语言标志。所不同的是：(1)含有主语从句的句子译为汉语时不可加上“正是”或“就是”之类的字眼，而强调则可以。(2)含有主语从句的句子若删掉It bethat/ who则原句不论结构还是语意均不成立，而强调句去掉结构标志仍然成立。如：It is ture tllat he once went to Canada(不可以去掉his及that，否则原句不成立)It Was on December 11。200l that China became a member of WTO(去掉It Was及that后原句仍然成立)4(延边F)含有定语从句的强调句型：仔细分析that或 who在句中的作用，若that或who可有可无(结合it be来分析)，则为强调句，否则是定语从句。如：lt wag in the lab that Was set up by MrSmith that they finished the experiment(1ab后的that不可省略，因为that引导定语从句，作该句的主语。句中第二个that才是强调句的标志)5(延边F)强调谓语时用“du/does/did+动词原形”。如：He did come yesterday他昨天的确来了。(延边F)考场思维训练1 (延边F) It was not long he was born _ his mother died.A. before ; that B. since ; whenC. until ; when D. after; that1A解析：对时间状语进行强调。2 (延边F)I have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesn t matter I m talking to.A. who is it B. who it isC. it is who D. it is whom2B解析：本题考查强调句，该强调句为句子真正主语从句，and后的it为形式主语，who it is Im talking to为真正的主语。3 (延边F)Why! I have nothing to confess. you want me to stay?A. What is it that B. What it is thatC. How is it that D. How it is that3A解析：本题考查强调句的疑问式。陈述语序为：It is what that you want me to stay(延边F)命题角度2(延边F)倒装句的正确运用1. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 ) Only after my friend cameA. did the computer repairB. he reparied the computerC. was the computer repairedD. the computer was repaired(延边F) 考场错解 A(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查only+状语位于句首引起的倒装句。由此可以排除B、D；又根据repair与computer之间的动宾关系可以推出C为正确答案。(延边F) 对症下药 C2. (延边F) (典型例题精选) about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madgascar for further research.A. So curious the couple wasB. So curious were the coupleC. How curious the couple wereD. The couple was such curious(延边F) 考场错解 A(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查sothat句型。so+adj/ adv位于句首时使用倒装结构。so本身为副词，其后要接形容词或副词。(延边F) 对症下药 B3. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 Never in my wildest dreams these people are living in such poor conditions.A. I could imagine B. could I imagineC. I couldn t imagine D. couldn t I imagine(延边F) 考场错解C或A(延边F) 专家把脉 否定副词never位于句首应倒装。因never含否定意义据题意可排除D项。(延边F) 对症下药 B4. (延边F) (典型例题精选Did Linda see the traffic accident?No, no sooner impossible now does seem possible.A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone(延边F) 考场错解 B(延边F) 专家把脉 no soonerthaFl”一就”。no soon er位于句首句子产生倒装。根据题意她离开是在事情发生之前，故用过去完成时。(延边F) 对症下药 A5. (延边F) (典型例题精选 At the foot of the mountainA. a village lie B. lies a villageC. does a village lie D. lying a village(延边F) 考场错解 C(延边F) 专家把脉 介词短语位于句首，谓语动词是be，lie， stand等应完全倒装。(延边F) 对症下药 B6. (延边F) (典型例题精选 _ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.A. Only B. JustC. Still D. Yet(延边F) 考场错解 B(延边F) 专家把脉 本题为倒装句，only后跟介词短语位于句首时产生倒装。(延边F) 对症下药 A7. (延边F) (典型例题精选t s burning hot today, isnt it?Yes. yesterday.A. So was it B. So it wasC. So it is D. So is it(延边F) 考场错解 B(延边F) 专家把脉so位于句首，当主语与前句主语一致时不倒装，不一致时应倒装。(延边F) 对症下药 A(延边F)专家会诊茬下列情况下，句子要完全倒装：1(延边F)在there，here引导的句子中，谓语是be，exist等表示状态的词。如：Here is a seat for you, Tom. There stands a building on the top of the mountain.2(延边F)在语气词tlleTe，here开头的句子中，谓语是 come，be等。如：There goes the bell！铃响了Here comes your husband你丈夫来了。主语为人称代词时，主谓不倒装。如：There you go again你又来这一套o3(延边F)由副词now，then，thus引导的句子中，谓语是 come，begin，be等。如：Now comes your turnThus ended the meeting4(延边F)在in，out，up，over，baek等作状语置于句首时，谓语动词是colne，go，rtL$h，run等的句子里。如：Up and up the pricesOff went the horses5(延边F)地点状语提前，谓语是be,stand,he等的句子中。如：In front ofthe door stood a boyOn the sro,md lay a sick dog在下列情况下，句子要部分倒装：A在疑问句里。Do you have an English class every day? What did the two cheats pretend to be doing?在特殊疑问句里，如果疑问词作主语，则不用倒装。Who is in the next room?谁在隔壁房间?What makes you so angry?什么使你这么生气?B在以so开头表示“也一样“，和以nor或 neither开头表示“也不一样”的句子里。I get up at seven and so does my brother.He didnt do it and neither did I.C. 在以 never, hardly, scarcely, seldom ,.little , barely ,rarely ,nowhere,by no means,not until,hardly(scarcely)when，肿soonerthan等否定或半否定意义的词位于句首表示强调的句子里。Never before have I met him我以前从未见过他。Seldora did the boy read newspapers这个孩子以前很少读报。Little do I dream of seeing wonderful scenery我梦想不到会看到这样神奇的景色。Not until midruight did it stop raining，雨一直下到半夜才停。Hardly had he entered the houge when it hesan to rain他一进屋就开始下雨了。No sooner had they got to the plant than they started to wrok他们一到工厂就开始工作。(延边F)考场思维训练1 (延边F) Only in this way progress in your English.A. you make B. can you makeC. you are able to make D. will able to make1B解析：Only位于句首，实行部分倒装。2 (延边F)Nowhere else in the world more friendly people than in China.A. you will find B. can you be able to findC. you may have found D. can you find2D解析：表示否定意义的词放在句首，实行部分倒装。3 (延边F)I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible !_A. Nor am I B. Neither would IC. Same with me D. So do I3B解析：so，neither和nor常用于“so/neither/nor+do/be+主语”这种形式，表示前面情况也适合于后者。前面用肯定，用so，否定的用nor或neither。(延边F)命题角度3(延边F)反意疑问句的正确运用1. (延边F) (典型例题精选中检测 ) Mrs. Williams doesn t believeher son is old enough to live on his own, ？A. is he B. isn t heC. doesn t she D. does she(延边F) 考场错解 B(延边F) 专家把脉 反意疑问句中的谓语动词时态应与主句中的谓语动词时态保持一致，且前后肯(否)定刚好相反。(延边F) 对症下药 D2. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选) There was a loud scream from the backstageimmediately after the concert ended, _？A. wasn t there B. was there C. didn t it D. did it(延边F) 考场错解 C(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查了反意疑问句。题干部分为含有引导词的时间状语从句，疑问部分须依据主句部分来定。(延边F) 对症下药 A3. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选I m sure you d rather she went to school by bus, ？A. hadnt you B. wouldnt youC. aren t I D. didn t she(延边F) 考场错解D或c(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查反意疑问句的用法。陈述句中为Im sure+宾语从句结构时。附加问句的主语和谓语动词应与宾语从句的主语和谓语动词一致。(延边F) 对症下药 B4. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, ?A. didn t they B. don t theyC. mustn t they D. haven t they(延边F) 考场错解A(延边F) 专家把脉 考生误认为是对过去情况的推测，故用“助动词”加主语的形式。本题实际上是考查must have done反意疑问句的用法。must have done表示到目前为止的情况，其反意疑问部分要用“havent+主语”的形式；若句中有明确的时间状语，则用“didnt+主语。”(延边F) 对症下药 D5. (延边F) (典型例题精选You havent been to Beijing,have you? . How I wish to go there!A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven tC. No, I have D. No, I haven t(延边F) 考场错解 A(延边F) 专家把脉 部分考生认为问句中用了havent，所以回答时要用肯定形式。从答语“How 1 wish to印there!”可知“我没有去过”，因此回答时应根据客观事实，回答成No，I havent。(延边F) 对症下药 D6. (延边F) (典型例题精选)He is unfit for his office, ?A. is he B. isn t he C. does he D. doesn t he(延边F) 考场错解 A(延边F) 专家把脉本题易排除C、D。很多考生认为fit加了前缀变成了否定，故选A。事实上若谓语部分出现否定前缀时，仍用否定形式。(延边F) 对症下药 B(延边F)专家会诊硬用反意疑问句时，应注意下列问题：1(延边F)陈述部分包含有no，never，hardly，little等含有否定意义的词时，附加问句用肯定形式(但不包括带有否定意义的前后缀的词，如dislike，unfak等)。2(延边F)陈述句和附加问句的情态动词或助动词一般要保持一致，但也有特殊情况：(1)used to(过去常常)usednt(或didnt)；(2)have(拥有)havent(或dont)；have(进行某一动作)一dont；have(构成完成时态)一ha yent：have to(不得不)dont；(3)ought to(应该)_oughtnt；(4)must(必须)一mustnt；must(必要)一 neednt；must be(表示猜测)be；must have done(对过去某一时间的事情进行推测)dont；must have done(对发生在过去但对现在造成影响的动作进行推测)hayent：must not(表示禁止)一may。3(延边F)陈述句的主语为名词或代词时，附加问句的主语为相应的人称代词：陈述句的主语为指示代词 tIi8、that、不定代词nothing、不定式、动名词或从句时，附加问句的主语为it；陈述句主语为指示代词 these、those、不定代词nobody、everybody、somebody等时，附加问句用they。4(延边F)陈述部分若为“I/We dont think(believe， imagine，suppose，expect)+宾语从句”时，附加问句的谓语动词和主语应和宾语从句的动词和主语保持一致，且用肯定式。但当陈述部分的主语不是I/ We时，附加问句的构成同普通的反意疑问句。5(延边F)含有强调句型的反意疑问句中，附加问句的主语代词永远是it.如：It Wilts last year that you graduated。Wasnt it?(延边F)考场思维训练1 (延边F)This is the third time this week he has had to study late,A. isn t it B. hasn t heC. isn t he D. hasn t it1A解析：在主从复合句中，应对主句进行反问。2 (延边F)Brian told you that there wasn t anyone in the room at that time , ?A. was there B. wasn t thereC. didnt he D. did he2c解析：主从复合句中，反意疑问部分应和主句保持一致，主语是Brian，且主句是肯定句，故用didnt he。3 (延边F)The women carrying babies, get on the bus first, ?A. will you B. will theyC. dont you D. dont they3A解析：本句是个祈使句，用will you”，The women carrying babies为呼语。(延边F)命题角度4(延边F)省略句的正确运用1. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) The old tower must be saved, the cost is.A. however B. whateverC. whichever D. wherever(延边F) 考场错解 A(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查连词和省略句，补全句子后为“whatever the cost is”，此时答案一目了然。(延边F) 对症下药 B2. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选) When help, one often says Thank you. or It s kind of you. A. offering B. to offerC. to be offered D. offered(延边F) 考场错解 C(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查状语从句的省略与分词的选用。when虽为连词，但其后引导的部分却没有主语，全句的主语one与offer help之间应为被动关系，因此确定此处该用过去分词，形成when+分词结构”。(延边F) 对症下药 D3. (延边F) (典型例题精选)The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? .A. I guess not so B. I dont guessC. I dont guess so D. I guess not(延边F) 考场错解 C(延边F) 专家把脉 由于受I dont think so这一习惯表达的影响，很多考生选c项。在guess+that从句的反意疑问句中，从句为肯定时可用so，否定时可用not来代替从句，特别是在口语中。(延边F) 对症下药 D4. (延边F) (典型例题精选) One of the sides of the boards should be painted yellow, andA. the other is white B. another whiteC. the other white D. another is white(延边F) 考场错解 A(延边F) 专家把脉the other is white意思是“另外一半是白色”，在本句中指代不明。本句句意很明显，意思是“另一面涂成白色的”，因此应该表达成“the other side of the board should be painted white”。为避免重复，表达为the other white。(延边F) 对症下药 C5. (延边F) (典型例题精选) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told himA. not to B. not to doC. not do it D. do not to(延边F) 考场错解 B(延边F) 专家把脉 考生对省略模糊不清导致误选B项。当不定式内容与前面内容重复时，一般都采用省略形式，此时to后面的动词和定语均省去。(延边F) 对症下药 A(延边F)专家会诊在英语中，下列情况下一般可以用省略： A祈使句一般省略主语。如：(You)Dont touch this knob请不要碰这个门把手。(You)Comein，please！请进来！(You)Be quietl安静!B某些句子结构省略谓语。如：She gets up earher than I(get up)every clay她每天起床比我早。(Is there)Anybedy you want to see?你想见什么人吗?I hke music and he(1ikes)sports我喜欢音乐，他喜欢体育。C部分问句常省略主语、谓语。如：Why not?为什么不呢？Why?为什么?Right?对吗?What?什么?Anything you want?你想要什么?D疑问句的简略回答。如：一Are tlese your friends?这些人是你的朋友吗?一Yes，they are(my friends)是的，他们是oE并列的不定式可以省略后面一个不定式的to。如：The book is intend to be read and not(to bel tom这本书是供人读的而不是供人撕毁的。F宾语从句中常用so，not或其他来代替宾语从句。如： Do you think she is a singer.?Yes, I think so.Shall I have a test next week7I hone not.G定语从句的省略。如：The car(which)you told about is here你说过的那辆汽车在这里。Do you know the man(who is)speaking to you?你认识和你讲话的那个人吗?Thepeople(who)youweretalking to are Japanese你与之谈话的那些人是日本人。H状语从句的省略在when，while，迁，as if，thongh，as，whether等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。When ( I was ) in Japan , I took many beautiful pictures.在日本，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。 You should make notes when(it is)necessary必要时你应该记笔记。(延边F)考场思维训练1 (延边F)Rose feels better today.I think sheA. will B. will be C. does D. does so1c解析：does在此处为助动词，代替前面的内容。2 (延边F)Nothing wrong with it, ?No,yours is a specially built moldel. Drive carfully, though.A. is it B. has it C. are they D. is there2D解析：本题是个省略句，补全后为There is nothing wrong with it，答案一目了然。3 (延边F)If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ityou ve got some big bills coming.A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget3A解析：本题考查省略句，better forget it的完整形式为： youd better forget it，故用动词原形。(延边F)探究开放题解答(延边F)综合问题l(延边F)特殊句式在语境中的正确运用1. (延边F)Lucy likes singing, but she doesnt like dancing. A. So is Mary B. So Mary isC. So does Mary D. So it is with Mary(延边F) 解题思路 在倒装句中用so或neither时，如果一个句子是肯定句，一个句子是否定句，或者一个句子的主语是人一个句子的主语是物，应该用So it is with结构来表达。(延边F) 解答 D2. (延边F) Little done yesterday.A. was work B. work was C. work had D. had work(延边F) 解题思路 C、D答案均未用被动语态，先排除。在倒装句中，并不是所有的否定词位于句首都倒装。例如本句的little位于句首，实际上是修饰work的，此时不倒装。(延边F) 解答 B3. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) , Carolina couldn t get the door open.A. Might she as try B. As she might tryC. She might as try D. Try as she might(延边F) 解题思路 本题考查as引导的倒装让步状语从句。(延边F) 解答 D(延边F)规律总结as，though，although都可以引导让步状语从句。as引导的让步状语从句用倒装；而though iI导的让步状语从句，既可用倒装也可不用；但although引导的让步状语从句不用倒装形式。(延边F)考场思维训练1 (延边F)Tony is very clever and he studies hard.A. So is Mary B. So mary isC. So does mary D. SO it is with Mary1D解析：本句中两个谓语动词不同类。2 (延边F) ,he knows a lot of things.A. Though he is a childB. He is though a childC. Although he is a childD. A and B2A解析：Though引导从句时，表语可提前，也可不提前。3 (延边F) walked,he missed the bus.A. Quickly he as B. Quickly as heC. As he quickly D. He quickly as3B解析：as引导让步状语从句时，其表语或状语要提前。(延边F)考点高分解题综合训练I(延边F)单项选择1 (延边F) (典型例题精选 Engines are to machines hearts are to animals.A. as B. thatC. what D. which1c解析：本题考查what的特殊用法，本句意为“发动机对于机器正像心脏对于动物一样。”其他词没有这种用法。故选C。2 (延边F) (典型例题精选 fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you be B. Should you beC. Could you be D. Might you be2B解析：if引导的虚拟条件句中，if省略产生倒装，本题是对将来的事情进行虚拟，条件句中用should+动词原形。故答案选B。3 (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 I reminded you not to forget the appoint ment. .A. So you did B. So I do notC. So did you D. So do I3A解析：当句子主语与前文句子主语指同一人时，so位于句首也不产生倒装。 、4 (延边F) (典型例题精选 homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.A. So much B. Too muchC. Too litde D. So little4A解析：分析句子结构可知，句子中含有that引导的结果状语从句，因此应与so连用，据题意可知答案。5 (延边F) (典型例题精选Only then how much damage had been caused.A. she realized B. she had realizedC. had she realized D. did she realize5D解析：only位于句首应产生倒装，由句中时间状语then知应用过去时态。6 (延边F)It is what you do rather than what you say mat ters.A. that B. whatC. which D. this6A解析：从题干和选项看，是考查强调句型，但实际上更是让考生对句子内容理解以加强自我认识提高的。7, (延边F) In the dark forests , some large enough to hold several English towns.A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakesC. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand7B解析：地点状语位于句首应全部倒装。表示某物位于某处，高出地面的物体用stand，不高出地面的物体用lie。8 (延边F)Mary never does any reading in the evening .A. so does John B. John does tooC. John doesn t toe D. nor does John8D解析：本题考查neither/nor/so引起的部分倒装句。表示“同样的事情发生在另外一个人身上。”题干中never表明是否定句，所以空格中用neither或nor引出。9 (延边F)Not until Jane got off the bus _ her wallet missing.A. did she find B. she foundC. didn t she find D. she didn t find9A解析：考查倒装句。Not until放于句首，句子要倒装。10 (延边F)Was it eleven o clock you arrived home last night?A. when B. thatC. since D. while10A解析：本题是when引导的定语从句修饰eleven 0clock。11 (延边F) It is from the gatehouse we get newspapers, magazines and letters.A. that B. whichC. in which D. where11A解析：本题考查强调句型。12 (延边F)At no time in the passage.A. are bicycles permitted to be parkedB. bicycles are permitted to be parkedC. are bicycles permitted being parkedD. bicycles are permitted bei