2020届高三英语第二轮复习考点 第6讲 单项选择——动词及动词短语精讲精炼

2020;2020届高三英语第二轮复习考点精讲精炼第6讲 单项选择动词及动词短语特定语境中的动词及动词短语辨析细外动词及动词短语的考查(延边F)经典易错题会诊(延边F)命题角度l(延边F)特定语境中的动词及动词短语辨析1. (延边F) (典型例题精选t was already past midnight and only three young men in the tea house.A. left B. remainedC. delayed D. deserted(延边F) 考场错解 C(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查动词辨析。1eave离开；remain停下，留下；delay耽搁；desert遗弃，放弃。根据题意：已经过了午夜，只剩下3个年轻人还待在茶馆。(延边F) 对症下药 B2. (延边F) (典型例题精选ts already 10 o clock I wonder how it that she was two hours late on such a short trip.A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up(延边F) 考场错解 B(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查同一动词与不同副词或介词构成短语意义和用法的区别。come over从远处来，传达：come out出现，出版；come about发生；come up(植物)长出地面。本题意为：已经10点了，我想知道这么短的旅途她怎么晚了两个小时。意指这件事是怎么发生的。故C正确。(延边F) 对症下药 C3. (延边F) (典型例题精选 The building around the comer caught fire last night. The police are now the matter.A. geeing through B. working outC. looking into D. watching over(延边F) 考场错解 A(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查动词短语的基本意义和用法。See throuhg sb识破某人；work out计算出，制定出；look into调查；watch over保护，守卫。本句意为：警察正调查此事。(延边F) 对症下药 C4. (延边F) (典型例题精选 Four dollars a pair? I think it s a bit too much.If you buy three pairs, the price for each will to three fifty.A. come down B. take downC. turn over D. go over(延边F) 考场错解 B(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查动词与副词构成不同短语的语义辨析。come down下降，降价；take down取下，拿下； turn over反转；go over复习，浏览。原题语义为：如果你买三双，则每双35美元。故所需要的是“降价”之意。(延边F) 对症下药 A5. (延边F) (典型例题精选 )Please tell me how the accident . I am still in the dark.A. came by B. came uponC. came to D. came about(延边F) 考场错解 B(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查同一动词与不同介词/副词构成不同短语的语义辨析。原题语义为：请告诉我事故是怎样发生的，我现在仍然不明白。come about意为“产生，引起”；come by意为“得到，获得”；come upon意为“碰上。发现”；come to意为“达到”。(延边F) 对症下药 D6. (延边F) (典型例题精选 )Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you yesterday?A. tried on B. put onC. had on D. pulled on(延边F) 考场错解A或B(延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查不同动词与同一介词或副词构成不同短语的语义辨析。本题出现的短语为近义短语。题干意为“你能不能告诉我你昨天穿的那双鞋是在哪儿买的”。try on“试穿”，put on“穿上，戴上”(强调动作)，have on“穿上，戴上”(强调状态)，pull on“拉上，戴上”(强调动作)，所以合题意的只有have on。(延边F) 对症下药 C7. (延边F) ( 典型例题精选 ) To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it into parts.A. down B. up C. off D. out(延边F) 考场错解 B(延边F) 专家把脉 考生对break down与break up含义及区别不明白。“break down”分解、rtegSugar and stareh(淀粉)are bmken down in the stomach“break up分开vi eg sentences break up into clauses“break off”与“break out”后不跟into故选A。(延边F) 对症下药 A(延边F)专家会诊1(延边F)动词及动词短语几乎年年必考，所涉及到的动词知识都是常用的，常见的。2(延边F)平时要进行大量的阅读，在阅读中去理解动词短语的新意义。要着重掌握以下动词构成的动词短语get, come, look, put, turn, take, send, set,carry, call, have, care, pay, hold, keep, think, hear, make, give, hend, deal, ask 等.3(延边F)多记一些常见动词及短语的含义和用法并学会在特定语境中灵活运用。以下为常见短语动词：一、(延边F)动词+介词/副词短语例句act on照行事He acts on principlesAnswer for对负责You Will answer for whatyouve donearmagainst带武器以防He aITaed himself againstwild animalsagree wim同意(某人)I agree witll he ragree to同意(建议等)They agreed to tlle proposalagree on(in)同意商定(问题，条件等)They agreed on the questionarrive at/in到达(某地)He arrived in Nanjing at fiveodock yesterday morningaim at瞄准He aimed the gun al the birdask after问候My father asked after youask fof请求the boy asked for more foodborrowfrom从借来He borrowed a bikefromMarybelieve in信任We all believe in herbelong to属于The house belongs to meburst into突然起来She burst into tears at thenewsbegin at从(页)开始Teday we shall begin alpage 40baseon根据He baged the conelusion on experimentsbeat about me bush绕弯子Tell me the truthDontbeat about the bushconsist of由组成The society consists of fivememberscongratulate肌祝贺We congratulated her on winning tlle contestcometo an end结束The talk come to an endat tencompareto把比作He comparedthe youngtothe rising suncomparewith同相比She compared tlle blue pen with the red penegre for喜欢：照料He doesnt care for p1ying footballchangefor用交换He changedlIis radiofor a recorder.change fromto从转到She changed from team A to team Bclear up放晴The weather cleared up in the afternooneolne aeross偶然碰到I came across an old friend in the streetcome mto想出；进入An idea suddenly came into my mindcall up打电话l shall call her up sooncall for叫(人)He iill call for you in the evening call for为叫喊He heard sonleone calling for helpcall on访问(某人)she will call on a frend onSundaycall on号召The party called on us to study hardcureof治愈The medieine cured hjm of his paindepend on 依靠He depended onhismotherin lifedisagree with与意见不同He disagreed with her over the plandie of因病、饥饿等而死The man died of cancerdie from因伤、意外等而死The dead nlan diedfrom a serions wounddie for为而死He died forthe peoptedevote to把用于She devoted all her money to buyins booksengage in从事，忙于He is engaged in writing anew book.end with以结束The party ended with danc-ing.fail in 夫败She failed in winning thegame.find out 查He has not found out the trouble yet.give up 放弃Never give up hope.get over 克服，渡过You ll soon get over yourshyness.get on (/off )上车/（下车）She got on the bus at GulouSquare.get on 进展He is getting on well in thework.get ready for/准备好He has got ready for the journey.get in 收进The peasants got in the wheatin May.grow up 长大, 发展The children have alreadygrown up.give in 投降( 让步)They gave in at last.get up 起床She gets up early every morning.go on 继The meeting went on deep into the night.go all out 竭尽全力They went all out to build theairport.go through放弃，没有也行She went through the bookbefore buying it.go over复习；看一遍She went over the lessons forthree times.go down （日, 月）落下，下沉The moon has gone down.go without 放弃, 没He had to go without food.hand in 交进来They handed in their papers.have nothing to dowith 与无关He has nothing to do with thematter.have something to dowith 与有关Does she have anything to dowith the case?head for朝去The ship is heading for thenearest port.help with 帮助He helped her with her English.help., in在帮助He helped her in studyingEnglish.hope for 希望(得到)She hoped for Mary to roduce., to.介绍She introduced me to her father.inspire., with.以激发He inspired them with courage.insist on 坚持She insisted on doing itthat erfere with ( in )妨碍；干涉Dont interfere with his work.join in 参加 ( 活动 )She also joined in the dancing.join sb. In加入某人从事He joined us in watering thetrees.keep on 继续She kept on making experiments.knock at (on)(门等)Someone is knocking at ( on )the door.long for 渴望I m longing for a letterfrom him.look up_查导；向上看He is looking up a new wordin the dictionary.look upon., as把看作Do you look upon him as agood friend?learn by heart背会She has learnt it by heart.leave for 动身去He is leaving for Nanjing nextweek.look for 寻找The police are looking for thelost car.lie in 位于The town lies in the hills.live on 靠活，以为主食Sheep live on grass.laugh at 笑，嘲笑Don t laugh at others.look through翻阅；浏览The bey looked through thepicture book.mix., with同混合Oil and water can t mix witheach other.meet with 遇到She met with some difficohies.make up ones mind决定He has made up his mindwhat to say.owe to 归功于He owed all his success to hisparents.operate on为手术He operated on the woundedsoldier.put., into把放入She put the book into the bag.play with 玩The boy played with a toytank.put up 举起They put up their hands.put up 挂起She put up a picture on thewall.put off推迟The match is put off owing tothe rain.point out 指出The teacher pointed out hismistakes.preside over ( at )主持(会议) ,指挥Who is to preside over themeeting?present., with 赠送He presented her with a goldwatch.put., across使理解（相信）She didn t put the meaningacross very well.prevent.from阻止The snow prevented him fromcoming.persist in 坚持He persisted in doing that.put., into practice实施We shall put the plan intopractice.quarrel over为争吵They quarrelled over theproperty.quarrel with同争吵She quarrelled with her mother.reply to 答复He hasnt replied to me yet.recover from 恢复She has recovered from herillness.rely on 依靠He relied on his daughter inthe past.refrain from设法不，忍住Please refrain from smoking.mb. of. 抢走The pain robbed him ofsleep.run over 辗过去The bus ran over his legs.result from 引起His illness results from overeating.result in 导致Overeating results in his illness.remember sb. To代问好Please remember me to yourmother.set about 着手干They set about the work atonce.set out 出发They set out at dawn.succeed in 成功He succeeded in passing theexam.speak of 说到She once spoke of the book tome.supply., with 提供They supplied the soldierswith weapons.share in 分担 ( 享 )He shared in her joys and Sorrows.share sth with 与某人共同使用She shared a room with others.settle in 安顿下来He settled in a small town.see through 看透I have already seen throughthe man.see to it 保证See to it that the work is donewell.send for 派人请We have sent for the doctor.stand by 支持We II stand by you in yourhour of need.stand for 代表What deesU. S. stand for?spend., on 花费She spent a lot of money onbooks.show around带参观He showed the guests aroundthe city.talk about 谈论What are you talking about?tide over 渡过He has tided over his illness.turn against 背叛She will never turn againsther country.tul-n into 变成Water can turn into gas.turn to 翻到，转向Please turn to page 10.think of 想念We think of you all the time.think about ( of )They are thinking about buying it.turn on 打开Please turn on the radio.turn off 关掉Please turn off the lights inthe loom,tell., from 区分I can t tell her from hersister.take off 脱去She asked him to take off thecoat.turn out 关掉He forgot to turn oat the gas.turn out 生产The factory turns out 100 carsper day.turn round绕着转The earth turns round the sun.turn up 出现He didnt turn up until eleven o clock.to begin with 首先To begin with, we are short ofmoney.wait for 等待We shall wait for you at theschool gate.watch out for 提防We should watch out for theenemy.write to 给写信He wrote to me last week.wake up 醒来She usually wakes up at five.wipe out 消灭The enemy troops have beenwiped out.watch over 照看The old should watch over theyoung. 二、过去分词+介词（这类短语常同连系动词连用）be absorbed in全神贯注于He is absorbed in reading.be burdened with负重He is burdened with a heavyload.be connected with 有关, 有联系He is no longer connectedwith the company.be covered with 覆盖The road is covered withsnow.be crowded with 挤满The shop is crowded withpeople.be dressed in 穿着She is dressed in red.be engaged to与订婚Mary is engaged to John.be equipped with装备They are equipped with gunsand food.be experienced in对有经验He is experienced in mendingbikes.be filled with 填满The hole is filled with ants.be furnished with提供,布置They are furnished withenough food.be interested in对有兴趣He is interested in the pieture.be joined to连接,结合One pipe is joined to another.be known as因而知名He is known as a painter.be known for因而出名The hill is known for the temple.be looked on as作为看待He is looked on as their leader.be made into被制成，使成为The boy was made into an artist.be made up of由构成A car is made up of many different parts.be married to与结婚She is married to a musician.be pleased with对喜欢，满意He is pleased with the work.be prepared for准备好They are prepared for thejourney.be regarded as被认为He is regarded as the greatestpoet.be satisfied with对满意I am satisfied with your answer.be ashamed of对感到羞愧She is ashamed of her action.be tired of (sth)对厌烦He is tired of this kind oflife.be terrified at 被 吓一跳He is terrified at the snake.三、动词 + 名词 + 介词apply one s mind to专心于He applied his mind to study.catch sight of瞧见,看见I caught sight of herjust now.catch ( take ) hold of抓住He caught hold of the girl bythe hand.devote oneself to献身于, 专心于She devotes herself to teaching.devote ones life to为献身He devotes his life to the research.do(great)harm to对危害大The rain has done great harmto the crops.do ( great ) wrong to冤枉,委屈Dont do wrong to an innocent person.feel pity for对感到怜悯He felt pity for the poor girl.fix ones eyes on凝视He fixed his eyes on the girl.form the habit of养成的习惯He has formed the habit ofgetting up early.get a good hold of抓牢He got a good hold of therope.get in touch with同取得联系I got in touch with her byphone.get rid of除去,摆脱She has got rid of the badhabit.give advice on提出建议He gave advice on city planning. have none of 不允许，不接受He will have none of yourempty promise.have trust in 相信She had trust in him.have ( no ) difficultyin(没)有困难He has difficulty in doing thework.have a word with同谈话I want to have a wordwith you.have trouble in 在有麻烦She had trouble in the matter.have a look at看一下Let me have a good look at it.have words with 同口角（争吵）He had words with his wife.have (show) interestin 对有兴趣He has great interest in thiskind of film.have (deep) effect on 对有（深远）影响The book has great effect onhis life.have mercy on 同情，怜悯He has no mercy on the poorold man.have ( take ) pity on 同情He has great pity on thesick boy.have the honour of有幸He has the honour of meetingher there.help oneself to请吃，自用Please help yourself to somefruit.keep a record of 记录She kept a record of her dailylife.make friends with 同交朋友He made friends with a foreign girl.make fun of 取笑Don t make fun of him.make ( the ) best use of 充分利用They made the best use of themoney.make(good,full) use of (很好，充分）利用You should make good use ofyour time.make an apology to向道歉He made an apology to her.make one s way to 走向He made his way to thehouse.make preparations for 准备She is making preparations forthe holiday.make a dive for 猛冲The dog make a dive for thebone.make a mistake about 为产生误会Don t made a mistakeabout her.make a study of研究，学习I shall make a study of theplan.pay attention to 注意He paid much attention to herlife.pass a judgement on判决The court passed a judgementon the case.put ones heart and into 全神贯注于She put her heart and soul into the work.set fire to 放火、点火They set fire to the house.show respect for 尊敬They show respect forthe old.show mercy to 同情Never show mercy to the enemy.say good-bye to 向道别They said good- bye toeachother.say hello to 打招呼He said hello to the students.set an example to树立榜样He set an example to theyoung.shake hands with 握手They shook hands with eachother.take aim at 瞄准He took careftd aim at thetarget.take the side of支持，站在一边They took the side of the government.throw light on 阐明，使人明白His explanation threw light onthe poem.take pride in 因而自豪She took pride in her success.take part in 参加They took an active part insports.take delight in 以为乐He took great delightin travel.takd a message for 捎个口信Please take a message for her.add up to 总计为The income adds up to 1,000dollars.break away from 改掉；与脱离关系He has broken away from thebad habit.be up to 就由，轮到It is up to her to answer thequestion.cut down on 削减He has cut down on expense.catch up with 赶上I can catch up with them.beat down on 直射The sun beats down on e up to达到 ( 标准), 比得上The result didn t come up toour e up against遭到( 反对，困难)The plan came up against abit of opposition.do well in在做得好He does well in the work. drop in at sb. 顺便来He drops in on us sometimes.drop in at sp. 顺便Tom often drops in at the museum.do away with 废除They have done away with theold law.face up to面对 ,承担We must face up to the fact.fit in with 适合,符合The clothes fit in with her.fall back on 依靠He has a good friend to fallback on.get through withThey have got through withthe work.get down toLet s get down to business.get on ( along ) with 进展，相处He got on well with peoplehere.get out of从出来，摆脱He got out of debt.go on with 继续They went on with the meeting.go ahead of 先行He went ahead of them.go back of 背信,He went back of his promise.go in for 参加，爱好He has gone in for the long jump.grow out of 产生自The tail tree grows out of asmall seed.go ahead with进行，继续下去He went ahead with the workand got it done.keep up with 跟上She cant keep up with others.live up to 不辜负We shall live up to his teachings.look out for提防,照看Look out for ears when crossing the street.look up to尊敬, 仰望They all looked up to him astheir leader.look back upon 回He likes to look back uponhis school days.look down upon不轻视,重视Dont look down upon him.look forward to 盼望He looks froward to seeing her.put up with忍受,容忍 ,I just cant put up with thatkind of man.run up against 遇到We often run up against newwords.run out of 用完I have run out of ink.think highly ofThey think highly of his newnovel.watch out for当心,提防Watch out for thieves in thestreet.work hard at 努力He works hard at his lessons.arrive at a conclusion 得出结论They arrived at a conclusionat last.burst into pieces成为碎片The glass has burst intopieces.burst into tears突然大哭She burst into tears at thenews.burst into laughter突然大笑The girls burst into e to sbs help(aid) 前来援助某人Some boys came to her e to the rescue前来营救The firemen came to the e into use开始使用，实施The new tool came i