2020届高考二轮专题复习 语法资料精品集之特殊句型

2020;2020届高考二轮专题复习英语语法资料精品集之特殊句型高中英语涉及的特殊句型包括强调句、倒装句、省略句和反意疑问句。高考对于这四种句型的考查很灵活。学习的关键是记准确各个句型出现的条件。2020;2020年高考考生应特别注意1、基本的句型条件；2、句型中的时态。交际用语的考查重点应注重文化差异，在平时的学习中注意英语的交际规则和交际模式，防止母语思维定势的干扰和影响，形成英语思维方式。强调在使用英语时，有时要突出或强调某个词、词组或句子，这时就要用到强调结构。1、强调句基本句型：“It is/ was + 被强调部分 + that/ who + 其他成分”强调句型可以强调一个句子的主语、宾语、表语及状语等成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，可以用that或who(whom)连接其他成分；被强调的成分是表示人以外的词，例如表示事物、时间或地点的词，用that连接其他成分。一般疑问句：Is /was +被强调部分 + that/ who + 其他成分.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is /was + that/ who + 其他成分.（2020;2020陕西卷）23It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _ benefits our work most. 【C】Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhat（2020;2020重庆卷）32Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? Of course, I haveIt was in our village it was made【A】Athat Bwhere Cwhen Dwhich（2020;2020四川卷）15Was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after the boat went famous【B】Awhere Bthat Cwhich Dwhat2、not until 也可用于强调句型（2020;2020江西）6. It was _ he came bank from Africa that year _ he met the girl he would like to marry. 【C】A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when3、Its + 地点状语+ that（强调句）Its +地点名词+ where (定语从句)It is the town where I was born.(the town 为地点名词，定语从句)It was in the town that I was born.(in the town为地点状语，强调句型)4、Its + 时间名词+ when(时间状语从句)Its + 时间状语 +that(强调句)It was at 8 oclock that he returned.(at 8 oclock是时间状语，强调句)It was 8 oclock when he returned.(8 oclock 是时间名词，时间状语从句)5、借助助动词do对谓语动词的强调要借助于助动词do加动词原形，而且do有人称、时态和数的变化。这种强调形式主要用于祈使句以及一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。（2020;2020四川）19If you have a job， yourself to it and finally youll succeed【A】Ado devote Bdont devote Cdevoting Dnot devoting二、倒装句英语通常的语序是主语在前，谓语在后。如果谓语的一部分或者全部提到主语之前，这种语序就是倒装。如果把全部谓语放在主语之前，就称为完全倒装；如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，则称为部分倒装。完全倒装1）、用在以here, there, now, then等副词开头的句子中（2020;20200陕西）17.John opened the door . There _ he had never seen before. 【D】A. a girl did stand B. a girl stoodC. did a girl stand D. stood a girl如果主语是人称代词，则主语和谓语的位置不变。Here it is.2）、为了强调，或为了紧密衔接上下文，常将表语放在句首，颠倒主语和谓语的次序。Present at the meeting were Mr. Smith, Mr. Green and many other celebrities.3）、为了使句子生动、流畅，可把in, out, down, over, off, away之类用作状语的副词放在句首，采用完全倒装。句中的谓语动词多是行为动词，而且是不及物动词。Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes4）、当介词短语位于句首作地点状语时，也常常用完全倒装。（2020;2020重庆）33. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_, one of the ten largest cities in China. 【A】A. lies ChongqingB. Chongqing liesC. does lie ChongqingD. does Chongqing lie2、部分倒装1）、用在省略了if的虚拟条件句中（把were, had或should移至主语前），采用部分倒装。Were she here, she would help us.(=If she were here, she would help us.)2）、在表示祝愿的句子里，谓语动词或谓语动词的一部分，要放在主语的前面。May you succeed!3)、用在以so开头、表示谓语所述情况也适用于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中，表示“也一样”，“也这样”。结构为：so + 系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语或者由neither, nor引导的，表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人（或东西）的句子（否定句），表示“也不”He can speak English, so can we.They havent prepared their lessons. Nor/Neither have I.注意：so + 人称代词（同一主语）+ 助动词，这种结构中的主谓是正常语序，用以重述前面的情况，以表示赞同或强调。-It was cold yesterday.-So it was.注意：so it is/was with + 另一主语，这种结构表示这一主语的情况也如此。主要用于上文出现两个以上句子（情况），而在逻辑上这些句子表现同一主语，通常是有肯定和否定的混合句。或有两个（以上）谓语。Mike likes Chinese but he is not good at Chinese. So it is with Tom.注意：主语+ 动词do(某种形式)+so, 此句型用以避免重复前文所述动词及其宾（状）语，表示该句型中的主语做了前文中已提到的动作，此句型中的主语可与前句主语相同，也可以是另外的人。She asked me to speak louder and I did so.4）、以never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, by no means, nowhere, at no time, not a +名词等表示否定或半否定意义的副词或词组开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。（2020;2020福建卷）29-Its niceNever before such a special drink!-Im glad you like it【C】AI have had BI had Chave I had Dhad I（2020;2020江西）33 Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.【A】A did he begin B had he begunC he began D he had begun5）、often, many a time, always, once等表示时间的频度副词放在句首时应用部分倒装。Many a time has he been to Paris. 他去过巴黎多次。6）、以only开头的句子（only后面为副词、介词短语或状语从句），采用部分倒装，即把谓语的助动词放到主语之前，谓语用原形。（2020;2020湖南卷）32 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _a decision 【B】Athey reached Bdid they reachCthey reach Ddo they reach7）、as/ though引导让步状语从句时，常将句末的表语、动词、副词提至句首。（2020;2020重庆）16. Unsatisfied with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.【B】A. thoughwashe B. thoughhewasC. hewasthough D. washethough三、省略在语言运用中，尤其是在口语中，省略是常见的语言现象。1、在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的should可以省略。这些句子一般包含如下动词一及其派生词：一坚持(insist)，二命令(order, command)，三建议(suggest, propose, advise)，四要求(demand, require, request, ask)Janes pale face suggested that she was ill and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination.It is necessary (important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that.等主语从句中。It is necessary that the problem be solved at once.2、定语从句中的省略（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, who (whom)常可以省略。The man I saw is called Tom.Where is the pen I bought this morning?（2）关系副词when, where, why及that在the time when, the place where, the reason why, the way that结构中引导限制性定语从句时，在非正式场合下，可以省略关系副词when, where, why和that等。I shall never forget the day we first met.The reason he came so early is his own affair.I dont like the way you speak to your mother.3、状语从句中的省略（1）当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。（2020;2020江苏卷）33It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine , wed better take it to the garage immediately【D】AOtherwise BIf not CBut for that DIf so（2）虚拟条件句中,含助动词、情态动词、动词be或have等,若将它们提到句首,则需省略if。Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit till next week.（3）在as(so). as., than引导的比较状语从句中。I know you can do better than Peter.This car doesnt run as fast as that one.（4）在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略。Child as he is, he knows a lot.4、动词不定式中的省略1）有些动词，如believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be + n./ adj. 中的to be可以省略。I consider him stupid.His mother found him a clever boy.2） 感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。They made the boy go to bed early.The boy was made to go to bed early.3) 动词不定式在prefer，refuse，decide, mean, intend, try，promise, like, love， care，want，hope，wish，expect等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复,常承前省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号 to。I have asked her to come，but she does not want to注意：want，like用在 when，if, what，as 引导的从句中，其后的to也常可省略。Ive decided to do what I likeIll teach you if you like4）在can not but, can not choose but, can do nothing but., cant help but., prefer to do rather than do., would do. rather than. 之后的动词不定式一般不带to；but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 而且其宾语是something，nothing，anything和everything等不定代词时，也不带to, 否则要带to。We have nothing to do now but wait. I can not but admire his courage.He has no choice but to accept the fact.5）在并列结构中为了避免重复，后一个to省略。Im really puzzled what to think or say. 但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略。I came not to scold but to praise you.6）在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。Why talk so much about it? Why not try it again?7）动词不定式与be able to，be going to，have to，ought to，used to等构成复合谓语时，不定式结构常可省略，但要保留不定式符号to。I dont want to wait for him， but l have toWhy didnt you come to our party？I was going to，but l had a report to write8）动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。Dont go till I tell you to.9）动词不定式在ask，warn，tell，advise，force，wish，expect，allow，permit , invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，常可省略。Youd better give a performance if you are asked toHe didnt come, though we had invited him to.10）动词不定式在happy， glad， eager，anxious，willing， ready等形容词等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。Will you join me in a walk？Ill be happy to注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have。Are you a doctor?No, but I used to be.四、反意疑问句1、反意疑问句的结构形式：反意疑问句提出情况或看法，问对方同不同意，这种问句都由两部分组成，前一部分用陈述句的形式，后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句，中间用逗号隔开，如前一部分为肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式，前一部分为否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式，两部分的时态要一致。You are to go home via Hongkong, arent you?（肯定的陈述句+否定的反意疑问句）They didnt raise many questions at the press conference, did they?（否定的陈述句+肯定的反意疑问句）2、反意疑问句的答语在回答反意疑问句时，应根据事实来回答，如果事实是肯定的，前面要用yes,否则用no, 在第一部分为否定句时要特别注意，这时英语回答和汉语回答是不一致的。-You are not going out today, are you?-No, I am not.你今天不出去，是吗？是的，我今天不出去。（“不出去”属于否定的事实，所以在英语中应用“no”来表示此义，不要用 “yes”来回答。）构成反意疑问句时应注意的问题：1）、当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时，反意疑问句部分中的主语常用they (有时也可用he.)Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didnt they?No one was hurt, was he?2）、当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, nothing, something等表物的不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语常用it.Everything has been done on how to prevent the pollution, hasnt it?3）、当陈述部分的主语是one时，反意疑问部分的主语常用one或you。One should study hard, shouldnt one/ you?4）、当陈述部分的主语是man(人类)时，反意疑问部分的主语常用he。Man is the master of his own fate, isnt he?5）、当陈述部分是there be结构时， 反意疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。There used to be a shop, didnt there?6）、当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词应用肯定形式。Few people know him, do they?Bob rarely got drunk, did he?You have nothing else to say, have you?7）、当陈述部分中含有im, in, dis, un等否定前缀或less等否定后缀时，应把陈述部分看成是肯定的，反意疑问部分要用否定式。Your mother dislikes seeing you with me, doesnt she?He is unfamiliar with this type of computer, isnt he?8）、当陈述部分是Im 结构时，反意疑问部分常用arent II am late, arent I?9）、 当陈述部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代词通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。If you dont start early, you will be late, wont you?Peter believes that his dream will come true some day, doesnt he?10）、当陈述部分的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine等结构时，反意疑问部分往往与从句保持一致，而且要注意否定转移。I think he is a thief, isnt he?I dont think he can do it well, can he?11）、当陈述部分含有have，而且have作“有”解时，反意疑问部分用have/has或借助助动词do, does, did等来完成；如果陈述部分中的have是实义动词，则反意疑问部分应需借助助动词do, does, did等来完成。He hasnt a lot of time to spare, has he?He doesnt have an English dictionary, does he?12）、当陈述部分的谓语动词包括have to, had to时，反意疑问部分通常用do的适当形式。You had to take the early bus, didnt you?We have to do it, dont we?13）、当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，反意疑问部分可用used to形式或did形式。He used to get up late, didnt/ usednt he?14）、当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分常用will you.Help me to do it, will you?Dont go there, will you? Lets 和Let us都表示“让我们”，但用法上不同。前者包括听话人，后者不包括听话人。正因如此，它们的反意疑问句的形式常常不同：以Lets 开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用shall we.以Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用will you.Lets go now, shall we?（我们去，你也去）Let us go shopping, will you?（我们去，你不去）15）、当陈述句部分含had better/best, would like to, would rather等约定俗成特殊短语时，反意疑问部分应保留第一个词。He had better do more speaking, hadnt he?16）、当陈述句部分是强调句或类似强调句的结构时，反意疑问部分常和句首的It is/was保持一致。It is the first time that he has gone there, isnt it?17）、当陈述句部分为感叹句时，反意疑问句部分常用否定形式，且问句部分的动词常用be.What a cold day, isnt it?18）、当陈述部分含有情态动词must, may, cant, 且表示推测时，反意疑问部分不能用must, may, cant自身，应和后面的实义动词保持一致； must/ may/ cant + do 表示对现在情况的推测，反意疑问部分用一般现在时。He cant be Mr. Chen, is he?（相当于I dont think he is Mr. Chen.）He must be very tired, isnt he?(相当于：I believe he is very tired.) must/ may/ cant + have done +过去时间状语，表示对过去情况的推测，反意疑问部分常用一般过去时。You must have seen the film last week, didnt you?(相当于：I think you saw the film last week.)It cant have snowed last week, did it?(相当于：I dont think it snowed last week.) must/ may/ cant + have done , 反意疑问部分常用现在完成时。You may have been to Tibet, havent you?(相当于：Maybe you have been to Tibet.)He cant have known the news, has he?(相当于：I dont think he has known the news.)You must have waited for a long time, havent you?（相当于：I think you have waited for a long time.）19）、当陈述部分含有情态动词mustnt表示“禁止”时，反意疑问部分常用must.You mustnt walk on grass, must you?20）、当陈述部分含有情态动词need, dare时，反意疑问部分有两种形式：作情态动词时保留自身；作实义动词时反意疑问句应借助于助动词do/does/did来完成。He needs to start at once, doesnt he?She dare not go out alone at night, dare she?21）、当陈述部分含有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问部分常用oughtnt (有时也可用shouldnt.)The child ought to be punished, oughtnt he?【2020;2020全国卷I 22】Try_ she might, Sue couldnt get the door open.A. if B. when C. sine D. as【答案】D【考点】本题考察倒装。【解析】As引导的让步状语从句，应将状语、表语甚至谓语提前构成形式上的倒装。题目前半句说，她试过；后半句说Sue不能打开门，明显前后两句意思相反。As表示虽然，尽管。【2020;2020全国卷I 28】Only when he reached the tea-house _it was the same place hed been in last year.A. he realized B. he did realize C. realized he D. did he realize【答案】D【考点】本题考察倒装句。【解析】Only引导的状语从句位于句首，应把主句中动词的助动词提前构成部分倒装。【2020;2020福建卷29】Its nice. Never before_ such a special drink!Im glad you like it.A.I have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I【答案】C【考点】考查时态及倒装。【解析】never是否定副词，置于句首，句子要部分倒装；由语意可知说话人以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料，应该用现在完成时，故选C项。【2020;2020湖南卷32】Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _a decisionA. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach【答案】B【考点】本题考察only前置的倒装句。【解析】Only引导状语从句前置，主句主谓要部分倒装。又因为从前文中的had discussed判断出是过去时间，故选B；句意：只有在他们讨论这个问题好几个小时之后他们才作出决定。【2020;2020四川卷15】Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down?A. where B. that C. which D. what【答案】B【考点】考查强调句。【解析】此处强调的是句子的地点状语on a lonely island，是强调句的一般疑问句句型：Was it + 被强调部分+ that +句子？句意：“他是不是在小船沉没一个月后在一个孤岛上被营救的？”【2020;2020陕西卷23】It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_benefits our work most.A. who B. which C. that D. what【答案】C【考点】考查强调句。【解析】强调句型:It is/was +被强调部分+that连接句子的其他部分。答案选择C。【2020;2020重庆卷28】I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, _ ?A. could he B. didnt I C. didnt you D. could they【答案】B【考点】考查反义疑问句。【解析】反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述部分为肯定，故附加部分为否定，本句含有一个宾语从句且主句为“I told them，所以选择B。句意：我告诉他们并非每个人都可以跑得和你一样快，不是吗？【2020;2020重庆卷32】Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? Of course, I have. It was in our village _ it was made.A.that B.where C.when D.which【答案】A【考点】考查强调句。【解析】问话人询问对方是否看过山楂树之恋这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。本句是强调句，被强调的部分是地点状语in our village。强调状语in our village。【2020;2020湖南卷35】Its not what we do once in a while _ shapes our lives, but what we do consistentlyA .which B. that C. how D. when【答案】B【考点】本题考察强调句型。【解析】本题考察强调句型。强调主语。故选B。句子意思：决定我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。【2020;2020全国卷II13】Jane wont join us for dinner tonight and .A. neither wont Tom B. Tom wont eitherC. Tom will too D. so will Tom【答案】B【考点】考查特殊句式。【解析】句意：简不会来参加我们今晚的宴会，汤姆也不会来。此处是否定句，故使用either，而too一般用于肯定句中。此处也可以用so倒装的否定式，即neither/nor will Tom注意A项中neither表否定意义，所以不能用wont。【2020;2020江苏卷33】It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._ , wed better take it to the garage immediately.A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so【答案】D【考点】考查省略和替代。【解析】句意：听起来车的发动机好像有问题，如果那样的话，我们最好立刻把它弄到汽修厂去。前后两句话之间是顺承关系。Otherwise否则，要不然；if not要不，不然；but for that若不是因为那件事；if so若是这样。【2020;2020辽宁卷33】_ a strange plant! Ive never seen it before. A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether【答案】B【考点】考查感叹句。【解析】句意：多么奇怪的植物啊！我以前从没见过。此处为“What+a/an十adj.+n+it is/was”的省略结构，故B项正确。【2020;2020上海卷 30】It doesnt matter if they want to come to your party, _?A. doesnt itB. does itC. dont theyD. do they【答案】B【考点】考查反义疑问句。【解析】反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述部分为否定，故附加部分为肯定，句意：他们是否来参加你的派对，没有关系，是吗？10全国I have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my progress as she is now .A. so B. very C. too D. rather答案A考点此题考查soas.的固定结构解析句意：我很少看到妈妈像现在一样为我的进步如此开心。此题考查soas.的固定结构, 题干中的关键词是as, 译为 “像.一样, 正如.一样”。因此选择A。10安徽It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.A. where B. that C. when D. which答案B考点本题考查强调句型。解析迷惑点在于强调部分中含有一个定语从句that she had bought in the village。10湖南Johns success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work has made him what he is today.A. why B. when C. which D. that答案D考点考查强调句型。解析题干为强调句型, 被强调部分为years of hard work, 故选D项。10江苏I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in vain. w_why not consult with Frank? You see, _.A. great minds think alikeB. two heads are better than oneC. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bushD. its better to think twice before doing something答案B考点考查谚语。解析表示三个臭皮匠凑成诸葛亮./ A 英雄所见略同./C 一鸟在手胜于二鸟在林./ D.三思而后行.10江苏Is everyone here?Not yetLook , there_ the rest of our guests!A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming答案A考点倒装句解析谓语动词根据后面的主语10四川If you have a job, yourself to it and finally youll succeed.A. do devote B. dont devote C. devoting D. not devoting答案A考点考查谓语动词的强调及 “祈使句+and+将来时句子”的固定搭配。解析此处应是祈使句, 又有谓语动词的强调要借助助动词do, 故选A。句意为：“如果你有了一份工作, 付出努力去做它, 最后你定能成功。”10四川We laugh at jokes, but seldom about how they work.A. we think B. think we C. we do think D. do we think答案D考点考查倒装。解析seldom为否定副词放句首, 用部分倒装, 故选D。句意为 “我们因笑话而笑, 但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。”100陕西John opened the door . There _ he had never seen before.A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl答案D考点考查特殊句式。解析Here, There, Thus, Then等副词位于句首, 且当句子的主语是名词时, 句子用全部倒装句, 选D。10浙江The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve our health.A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out答案C考点本题考查if条件句中的省略情况。解析本句的句子的主语是the experiment；谓语动词是shows；that引导宾语从句, 宾语从句的主干事：proper amounts of ex