2020届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great scientists导学案 新人教版必修5

Unit 1Great scientists写得准用得活积得多1.scientific adj. 科学的2.positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的3.attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加4.cure vt.&n. 治愈；痊愈；治疗5.absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心6.suspect vt. 认为；怀疑n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯7.blame vt. 责备；谴责n. 过失；责备8.handle n. 柄；把手vt. 处理；操纵9.expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光10.cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的caution n小心；警告11.pollute vt.污染；弄脏pollution n污染12.instruct vt.命令；指示；教导instruction n说明；传授instructions (pl.)用法说明；操作指南13.conclude vt.&vi.结束；推断出conclusion n结论；结束14.contribute vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿contribution n贡献15.reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection n拒绝；抛弃16.challenge n挑战 vt.向挑战challenging adj.挑战性的17.announce vt.宣布；通告announcement n通知；宣告announcer n播音员18.construct vt.建设；修建construction n建设；建筑物19.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的enthusiasm n热情；热心20.responsible adj.有责任的；负责的responsibility n责任；负责用所给词的适当形式填空1.They didnt draw a conclusion until carrying out lots of scientific (science) experiments.2.You must read the instructions (instruct) before taking the medicine.3.It was concluded that he didnt tell us the truth.I came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)4.The writer personally contributed 5,000 to the earthquake fund.All the contributions will be gratefully received.(contribute)5.The river is polluted and noise is another kind of serious pollution here.(pollute)6.Mary announced to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy.The announcement of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week.(announce)7.The great bridge under construction is designed by Chinese engineers.It will take about a year to construct the large bridge.(construct)8.I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge.Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging.(challenge)1.ic后缀形容词面面观scientific科学的enthusiastic 热情的energetic 精力充沛的dramatic 戏剧(性)的sympathetic 同情的romantic 浪漫的2.“观点；态度”的高频形容词positive 积极的negative 消极的subjective 主观的objective 客观的neutral 中立的critical 批评的doubtful 怀疑的approving 满意的3.“照看/照顾某人”的多种表达attend (to/on/upon) sb.care for sb.take care of sb.look after sb.4.名词用作动词的高频词汇集锦handle n把手vt.处理nurse n护士vt.护理；照顾face n脸vt.面对head n头vi.前往address n地址；住处vt.在写上地址；对发表演说写得准用得活积得多1.put_forward 提出2.draw_a_conclusion 得出结论3.expose_.to 使显露；暴露4.link_.to_. 将和联系或连接起来5.apart_from 除之外；此外6.make_sense 讲得通；有意义7.(be)_strict_with_. 对严格的8.be_to_blame 应受谴责/责备9.look_into 调查10.lead_to 导致；通向11.be_determined_to_do_sth.决定做某事12.slow_down 慢下来选用左栏短语填空1.Recently a number of official crimes have been looked_into by our government.2.Plans have been put_forward to pull down the old buildings and rebuild the area.3.I think that it is I rather than my sister that am_to_blame_ for what has happened.4.Dont waste time thinking about a sentence which doesnt make_sense.5.Eating too much fat can lead_to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.1.draw短语全接触draw a conclusion 得出结论draw ones eye 吸引某人的眼光draw ones attention 吸引某人的注意力draw near/closer 靠近；接近draw up 起草2.由link . to .联想到的connect .with .把和连接起来tie .to . 把拴到mix .with . 把和混合起来combine .with .把和结合起来背原句记句式会仿用1.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。neither .nor .意为“既不也不”。连接两个并列的句子成分。老师和他的学生们都没有碰到过这么难的一个问题。Neither_the_teacher_nor_his_students have come across such a difficult problem.2.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。every time “每次”，作连词用，引导时间状语从句。每次我去看她时，她都全神贯注于研究工作。Every_time_I_went_to_see_her,_she was absorbed in her research work.3.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。“only状语(从句)”位于句首时后面的主句需用部分倒装。只有我们与他人相处得好，才能创造和谐的人际关系，这对我们的学习和生活都大有好处。(2020江西高考书面表达)Only if we get along well with others can_we_create harmonious interpersonal relationship, which is of great benefit to our study as well as life.1conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出经典例句He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.(牛津P342)他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。(1)conclude (从中)推断出conclude sth. 以结束to conclude 最后(2)come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 总而言之He concluded_his_speech_with a famous saying: no pains, no gains.他以一句名言“不劳无获”结束他的演讲。Ive come to the conclusion (conclude) that hes not the right person for the job.我断定他不适合做这项工作。In conclusion, good interpersonal skills are a must for our future social life.(2020重庆高考写作)总之，良好的人际技能对我们未来的社会生活是必需的。2attend vt.出席；参加；照顾 vi.专心；留意教材原句John Snow was a famous doctor in London so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/school/church参加会议/听演讲/参加婚礼/上学/做礼拜attend to 处理；倾听；专心于；照顾Jane cant attend_the_meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.(2020天津高考单选)简不能参加今天下午三点的会议，因为那个时候她正在授课。I cant go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to_attend_to.今晚我不能与你一起外出，因为我有一件急事要处理。3expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临教材原句The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.自来水公司接到指示：不得使人们再受污水的影响。(1)expose . to .使暴露于/面临/遭受(be) exposed to . 暴露于；处于危险中(2)expose sth. to sb. 向某人揭发某事(3)expose sb. to sth. 使某人接触到某物；使某人面临/遭受某事Dont expose your skin to direct sunlight, or youll get sunburnt.不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。It is generally believed that being_exposed (expose) to radiation is rather dangerous.普遍认为暴露在辐射环境里会很危险。Take care not to keep your children exposed (expose) to the bad books, net and magazines.当心不要让孩子接触不良书籍、网络和杂志。名师指津在expose .to .以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词。4blame vt.责备；谴责；把归咎于n.过失；责备教材原句It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。(1)blame sb.for sth.因某事而责备某人blame sth.on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上be to blame (for .) 应承担()责任；该(因)受责备(用主动形式表示被动意义)对负责Instead_of_blaming_each_other,_we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place.(2020江苏高考书面表达)我们应该多交流，换位思考而不是相互责怪。Dont always blame your own failure on others. You should take the blame for failure.不要总把失败归咎于他人，你应该为失败负责。In my view, Li Hua, who broke the school rule, was to_blame (blame)我认为，李华违反了学校的规定，应受到责备。5contribute vt.& vi.捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿高考佳句Doing small things well contributes to building up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.(2020湖北高考短文写作)把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。(1)contribute sth.to . 把某物捐献给contribute to 有助于；导致；投稿(2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献；投稿make a contribution/contributions to 对作出贡献If_you_want_to_contribute_to_our_newspaper,_please send me your article before the deadline.(2020新课标全国卷满分作文)如果你想往我们报纸上投稿，请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people.每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions (contribute) to the class.(上海高考写作)参加比赛对我来说是一次难得的展示我的舞蹈才能的好机会，并对班级作出贡献。联想发散表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有哪些？cause,_lead_to,_result_in,_bring_about等。.基础点全练1单句语法填空Not knowing what was wrong with his car, Martin decided to send for an experienced man to_handle (handle) the problem.It is so challenging (challenge) a job that I cant finish it on my own.Mark is a(n) cautious (caution) shopper who always does some careful research on the market before he buys something valuable.(2020新课标全国卷书面表达)I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to_attend (attend) a summer school during the vacation.Although this medicine can cure you of your illness, it has a bad effect on you.People actively contributed money to the poor and kind mother.2一句多译(1)如果年轻人每天都处于嘈杂的音乐的影响中，他们很可能有变聋的危险。Young people may risk going deaf if they_are_exposed_to very loud music every day.If exposed_to very loud music every day, young people may risk going deaf.(省略句)(2)汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她这件事。Tom was_so_absorbed_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of it.So_absorbed_was_Tom_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of it.(用so . that .的倒装句)Absorbed_in_his_work,_Tom forgot to inform her of it.(用过去分词短语作状语).重难点多练1conclude多棱镜(1)单句语法填空We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion (conclude)John said he could conclude from Janes expression that Jane had stolen his money.(2)高考小作文我从我自己的经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。(2020山东高考写作)I drew_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences that where there is a will there is a way.2blame面面观单句语法填空It was the boy, rather than his teachers, that was to_blame (blame) for what the boy had done.Blamed (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.Whenever he didnt perform well in his studies, he would blame his failure on carelessness.阅读词汇专练根据语境选出动词absorb的词义1Completely absorbed in her new novel, the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours in her study._C_2Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis._A_3I havent really had time to absorb everything that he said._D_4Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day._B_1put forward提出(建议等)；推荐；将提前；将(钟表等)向前拨教材原句Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出的黑洞理论？一词多义写出下列句中put forward的含义As for the problem you put forward in your last letter, I think it is a wise choice for you to buy an edictionary.提出I think he is fit for the position; therefore, Ill put him forward as a candidate.推荐You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.拨快They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将提前put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出put away 放好；积蓄put out 熄灭；生产put down 写下；记下put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿put up with 容忍；忍受Encourage children to put_aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.鼓励孩子们存下一部分零花钱来购买圣诞礼物。2make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通教材原句Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。(1)make sense of 理解；明白make no sense 没意义(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)common sense 常识There is no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理See, your computer has broken down again! It doesnt make_sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.(2020天津高考单选)瞧，你的电脑又坏了！只是为了省一点钱买最便宜牌子的电脑没有意义。What she referred to was so confusing that they could hardly make_sense_of it.她所讲的话如此令人费解，他们搞不明白她是什么意思。In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.你决不应该灰心丧气。继续努力，你迟早会成功的。3Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。(1)neither .nor .“既不也不”，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。To be honest, I have neither time nor money for the ball.诚实地说，我既没有时间也没有金钱参加舞会。Last night neither my wife nor my parents were (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.昨天晚上我妻子和我父母都没能说服我女儿改变主意。(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：either . or . 不是就是not only . but also . 不仅而且not . but . 不是而是As is known to all, not only the nurses but also the doctor is (be) very kind to the patients.众所周知，护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。Either you or one of your students is (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。4So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。every time引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，表示“每当”。I think of the happy hours we spent together every_time_I_see_these_photos.每次看到这些照片，我都会想起我们一起度过的美好时光。名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有： (1)由time构成的名词词组：each time， the first/last time， next time， any time等。(2)the瞬间名词：the minute， the instant， the second， the moment等，意为“一就”。The_first_time_he_came_to_the_city,_he decided to settle there.他第一次来到那个城市，他就决定在那里安家。The_moment_the_famous_pop_star_got_out_of_the_airport,_he was surrounded by his fans.这位著名的歌星一出机场，就被歌迷们围了起来。.基础点全练1单句语法填空/补全句子Generally speaking, parents like the teachers who are strict with their children.Apart from good service the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.Can you make sense of what this American is saying?His careless driving led to the serious traffic accident.In the company, pay increases are_linked (link) to performance.Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others (你才会与他人保持良好的关系)Next_time_you_come_to_Beijing (你下次来北京的时候), be sure to let me know in advance.Every/Each_time_they_went_dancing (每次他们去跳舞), they ended up in a bad mood.2运用所学短语完成下列语段Born in Warsaw Poland, Madame Curie went to attend_college (上大学) in Paris as a young lady, where she met her husband Pierre Curie. They were_absorbed_in (全神贯注于) the research into radioactive matter, which contributed_to (导致) the discovery of radium and polonium. Meanwhile, they put_forward (提出) some new theories about radioactivity. In 1903, they were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. Madame Curie made_great_contributions_to (对作出重大贡献) the development of science, but money and reputation made_no_sense (没意义) to her.重难点多练1put短语点点练介、副词填空(2020新课标全国卷单选)It may not be a great suggestion.But before a better one is put forward,_well make do with it.Tom, could you please put away your toys and books? They are everywhere.Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.(2020全国卷单选)Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can put down almost every word her teacher says.2neither . nor .面面观(1)用所给词的适当形式填空Neither he nor his parents like (like) the new TV series. They all think it boring.Not the passengers but the driver was (be) to blame.It was the drivers fault.(2)句型转换(每空一词)Henry wont see a film tonight. His girlfriend Helen wont, either.Neither Henry nor his girlfriend Helen will see a film tonight.My parents are very strict with me; the teacher is very strict with me, too.Not only my parents but also the teacher is very strict with me.单句语法填空1Will you be able to receive the guests from Germany?I am afraid not. I will_be_attending (attend) an important meeting then.2Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if not handled (handle) properly, may contribute to spreading diseases.3Your face will get burnt if exposed (expose) to the sunlight for a long time.4Keeping prices from going up too sharply is a challenge to China as well as the whole world.5Professor Wang said the reason of shortsightedness is complicated and there is still no cure for it.6I wonder why Ann didnt get offered (offer) the job. She is the right person for it.7The army was welltrained and wellarmed, and had little difficulty d