2020届高考英语一轮复习 知识手册 02 写作微课堂 北师大版（通用）

写作微课堂1主语句子的主体主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。Nowadays, afterclass activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools.现如今，在高中课外活动变得越来越流行。(名词短语作主语)(2020江西高考)Besides, developing a good habit of learning can help you improve your learning effectively.另外，养成良好的学习习惯能帮助你有效地提高你的学习。(动名词短语作主语)(2020浙江高考)What we need most are popular science books.我们最需要的是科普书。(从句作主语)2谓语主语的行为谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。谓语只能由动词(短语)充当，有人称、数和时态的变化。(2020安徽高考)I have long been interested in space exploration and I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.长期以来，我一直对太空探索感兴趣，我相信我可以从他那里学到很多知识。(实义动词作谓语)(2020湖南高考)The watch is necessary in our daily life, but its function is too simple and dull.手表在我们日常生活中是必要的，但它的功能太简单呆板了。(系表结构作谓语)3宾语动作的对象宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等。(2020重庆高考)If you could provide more information, I would be grateful.如果你能提供更多的信息，我将不胜感激。(名词作宾语)(2020四川高考)And I started to see this as a timewasting activity!我开始把这看作是一项浪费时间的活动！(不定式作宾语)(2020湖北高考)Compared with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.与逃逸的司机相比，我为所做之事感到自豪。(从句作宾语)4表语主语的特征表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。(2020安徽高考)I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.我十分愿意采访他，因为他不仅仅是第一个到太空的中国人，还是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。(名词短语作表语)(2020四川高考)So I am quite confident that I can help you learn Mandarin.因此，我有信心帮助您学好普通话。(形容词作表语)5定语名词的修饰语定语是用来描述名词或代词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。(2020陕西高考)As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates.作为一个外向型的女孩，我和同学们相处得很好。(形容词作定语)(2020北京高考)Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman.最后，我们把我们制作的面人放在桌子上并和老匠人拍照。(从句作定语)6状语句子的美容师状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等。(2020广东高考)Amazingly, she earned respect from her students, all of whom later grew to be confident, considerate and wellbehaved.令人感到惊讶的是，她获得了学生的尊敬，后来这些学生都变得有自信、体贴他人、举止优雅。(副词作状语)He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头结果砸了自己的脚。(不定式作状语)7补足语有了你，句子才完美补足语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。可以用作补足语的有：形容词、名词、不定式、分词和介词短语等。(2020全国卷)Well also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.我们也将用些时间一起来唱歌、跳舞、玩游戏，我们希望这些有趣的活动会让他们感到高兴。(形容词作宾语补足语)(2020浙江高考) Popular science books can help us students (to) become more interested in science and nature.科普类图书能帮助我们学生对科学和自然更感兴趣。(不定式作宾语补足语)8同位语不是藤，而是树对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。(2020天津高考)I am Li Jin, president of the Student Union from Chenguang Middle School.我是李津，来自晨光中学的学生会主席。(名词短语作同位语)(2020湖北高考)I was so hurt that I almost accepted the fact that our friendship came to an end.我是如此受伤以至于我几乎接受了我们的友谊结束了的事实。(从句作同位语)1SV句式：主语谓语(不及物动词)SV句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。(2020北京高考)I am writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.我写信是想告诉你我的激动人心的暑假计划。Bathed in the sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy.沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。2SVO句式：主语谓语(及物动词)宾语SVO句式句型特点为：谓语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当)，即动作的承受者，才能表达完整的意思。名师指津该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词，后面一定要跟介词构成及物词组。(2020广东高考)Last but not least, studying_in_group can share our experience in solving problems more efficiently.最后但同样重要的是，小组学习可以分享我们高效解决问题的经验。(2020江西高考)Finally, we should take part in sports and outdoor activities frequently.最后，我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。(2020江苏高考)Nowadays, people in many big cities are complaining about the heavy traffic当今，许多大城市的人们在抱怨交通拥堵。3SLP句式：主语系动词表语SLP句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词)，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。(2020重庆高考)As a student in senior high school, the_most_important_task is to study hard, which determines our future.作为一名高中生，最重要的任务是努力学习，那决定着我们的将来。(2020全国卷)In a word, my_life will be much richer and more colorful总之，我的生活会越来越丰富多彩。(2020山东高考)In my opinion, a_person without friends can never be happy依我来看，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。4SVOO句式：主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语SVOO句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。(2020北京高考)This camp will open on July 20th. It offers teenagers like you and me a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.这个训练营将在7月20日开始。它给我们这样的青少年提供了一个欣赏体育运动和学习中国文化的机会。(2020湖北高考)Two years ago, our_teacher offered us an answer to a difficult math problem in class.两年前，课堂上老师给我们提供了一个数学难题的答案。5SVOC句式：主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语SVOC句式中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。(2020北京高考)If you are interested in it, let me know and Ill send you more information.如果你对此感兴趣，请告知，我会发给你更多信息。(2020北京高考)Last Tuesday, our_class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines.上周二，我们班邀请了一位老匠人来教我们怎样做面人。As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject作为一名高中生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。1不一定简单的简单句如果句子中只包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，它就是简单句(不管句子是长是短)。两个或更多的主语可以共用一个谓语，也是简单句；两个或更多的谓语可以共用一个主语，也是简单句；两个或更多的主语和两个或更多的谓语也是简单句。(2020江苏高考)In spite of the largescale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years.尽管我们大规模地建设道路、公路，但是由于近年来日益增长的汽车数量，对于这个问题还有很大的提升空间。(2020安徽高考)This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself.这是一个很好的发泄愤怒的方式，不会伤害到别人或自己。(2020江西高考)In the next three years of your senior high school life, you will face more and more challenges.在你随后三年的高中生活中，你将会面对越来越多的挑战。2“剪不断、理也不乱”的并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句。并列句的各个简单句彼此独立、互不依从，但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系。并列连词之前可用逗号，也可不用逗号。(2020浙江高考)Without hesitation, I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.毫不犹豫地，我决定接受他们的建议而且那一天我们的确玩得非常开心。(2020上海高考)As middle school students, were not familiar with foreign cultures, while Chinese culture isnt fit to appear in an English newspaper.作为中学生，我们不熟悉外国文化，而中国的文化也不适合出现在英语报刊中。(2020江西高考)Firstly, as a student, the most important thing is to study, so it is necessary for all of you to build an effective method in your study.首先，作为一名学生，最重要的是学习，因此你们所有人都有必要在学习中建立一个有效的方式。3不一定复杂的复合句复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是全句的主体，通常独立存在，从句则只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。复合句中的从句包括定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)。(2020广东高考 )DNA test, a new technique, which is tested by analyzing saliva sample (定语从句), appears in the foreign medical industry.DNA检测，一种新的技术，通过分析唾液样品进行测试，将出现在外国医疗行业。(2020陕西高考)I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher (状语从句)我如此擅长英语以至于我被选为英语老师的助手。(2020四川高考)In addition, what may interest you most (主语从句) is that I am really nervous and upset (表语从句) when taking the exam.另外，可能最使你感兴趣的是，考试时我真的紧张烦躁。(2020湖南高考)As is known to all (定语从句), shoes play an important role in our life, for they can protect our feet from being hurt (状语从句)众所周知，鞋子在我们的生活中起着非常重要的作用，因为它能保护我们的脚免受伤害。.24个升级版必备词汇词汇的升华写作最基本的要求是考查考生遣词造句的能力，遣词的原则是表达准确、地道自然、生动形象。如果考生在掌握了最基本词汇的基础上，能够将一些常用词汇进行升华，就将成为高考作文获得高分的亮点之一。1名词：chanceopportunity; choicealternativecoursecurriculum; peopleindividualsresultconsequence; shortcomingdrawbackDifferent individuals have different opinions about the safety of food.不同的人对食品安全问题有着不同的看法。To put this problem to an end, we have no alternative but to follow these steps.为了解决这个问题，我们没有别的选择只好按这些步骤走。2动词：havepossess; developpromotereplacesubstitute; bearput up withconsidertake into account/considerationunderstandmake sense of/figure outWell try our best to promote the traditional friendship between us.我们应尽全力发展我们之间的传统友谊。(2020浙江高考)I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account.我真诚地希望你能考虑我的建议。3形容词：enoughadequate; usefulavailabledifficultchallenging; properappropriateimportantvital/significantinterestingabsorbing/striking/appealing(2020江西高考)In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging.在随后的三年里，我们的学校生活将会是具有挑战性的。This phenomenon may lead to significant changes towards environmental protection.这种现象会引发对环境保护问题看法的重大改变。4副词：finallyeventually; hardlybarelyimmediatelyin a flash; nowadayscurrentlyEventually your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult.最终，你的孩子会离开家，作为一个完全独立的成年人过她自己的生活。No one knows how many people currently surf the Net.没人知道现在有多少人在网上冲浪。5连词：sotherefore; andas well asTherefore, its extremely important to guarantee that children have enough time to play.因此，要保证孩子们有足够的时间玩耍，这是非常重要的。(2020陕西高考)I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because, by offering my service, I will be able to improve my organisational ability, communication skills as well as my confidence in speaking English in public.我的确想要获得这次宝贵的机会，因为，通过提供我的服务，我将能提高我的组织能力、交流技巧和在公共场合说英语的自信。.26个升级版加分词汇写作的高级装备掌握了26个升级版加分词汇，就像在构建写作大楼的时候，找到了结实、保暖、耐用的空心砖，它们像五颜六色的彩石，不仅耐用，更能装点文章，让文章文采飞扬。1表达关注的名词：attention, focus, concern(2020四川高考)As for speaking Mandarin, its better to pay much attention to the pronunciation.关于说普通话，注意发音是更好的。Currently, the problem of corruption crimes has become the focus of the public.当前，腐败犯罪已成为公众关注的焦点。2表达争论的名词：discussion, debate, argumentFaced with such an argument, different individuals may come to different opinions.面对这样的一个争论，不同的人可能有不同的观点。3表达现象的名词：phenomenon(2020重庆高考)The sentence suggests a common phenomenon: many teenagers care more about their phones than their friends nowadays.这个句子表明了一种常见现象：当今许多青少年关注他们的手机胜过关注他们的朋友。4表达优缺点的名词：advantage, disadvantage, strength，weakness(2020广东高考)Besides, every student may have different weak and strong subjects, so they should learn from each other so that they can have more advantages than disadvantages.此外，每个学生可能有不同的弱科和强科，因此他们应该互相学习以便于比起劣势来他们拥有更多的优势。5表达增长或下降的动词：increase, accumulate, decrease,declineLong hours of surfing the Internet would lead to declining health.长时间上网将导致健康状况下降。6表达导致后果的动词：result in, result from, bring about, contribute toComputers have brought about many changes in the workplace.电脑给工作场所带来了很多变化。7表达支持、反对的动词：approve of, be in favor of, object toThe majority of the senior citizens dont approve of the proposal of celebrating western festivals in China.大多数老年人不赞同在中国庆祝西方节日的提议。8表达可能性的形容词：likely(2020天津高考)If you come to our school, you are likely to meet some difficult problems in your life.如果你来我们学校，很可能会遇到生活中的一些难题。9表达有好处的形容词：beneficialFrom my point of view, our library should buy some popular science books and literary books because they are beneficial to us.按照我的观点，我们的图书馆应该买一些科技类和文学类图书，因为它们对我们大有益处。10表达强调的副词：particularly, especiallyThe more people earn, the more they seem to want, particularly when others earn more than they do.人们赚得越多，似乎想要的也越多，尤其是当其他人赚得比他们多的时候。.“启”创造良好开端1常用表示“启”的过渡词语(常用在段落或文章的开头)：first, firstly, first of all, above all, to begin/start with, today, now, at present, currently, generally speaking, according to, with the development of .等。(2020北京高考)First, he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines.首先，他向我们展示了制作面人的基本步骤和技巧。(2020天津高考)Firstly, Id like to tell you something about the weather in my city, which is often windy and very cold in winter.首先，我想给你们介绍一下我们城市的天气，多风而且冬天非常寒冷。2常用表达“启”的句型： As the proverb says/As the saying goes, .; As can be seen from the table, .; It goes without saying that .; There is no denying that .; It is well known that .; As is known to all, .等。(2020湖南高考)Theres no denying that only if we deal with and overcome large numbers of difficulties in a correct way, will we achieve our dreams.无可否认，只有当我们用正确的方式处理并克服大量困难，我们才会实现我们的梦想。.“承”顺势承上启下1常用表示“承”的过渡词语：second/secondly, besides, in addition, whats more, furthermore, moreover, whats worse, still less, to make matters worse, worse still, for example, in other words, additionally, especially, particularly, obviously, at the same time等。(2020四川高考)Besides, you must take notice of the handwriting.此外，你必须注意书写。(2020安徽高考)Moreover, listening to some soft music does relax your mood and give you a new start.另外，听一听轻音乐能使你心情放松，给你一个新的开端。2常用表达“承”的句型：take . for example, .; what is more serious is that .; as far as I am concerned, .；the reason why . is that .等。What is more serious is that we dont cherish wildlife.更严重的是，我们不珍惜野生动物。.“转”巧妙转折过渡1常用表达“转”的过渡词语：but, yet, however, while, otherwise, or (else), on the contrary, on the other hand, in any case, though, although, as, even if/though, despite, in spite of, regardless of等。(2020广东高考)It is said that the test will enhance the examinees consciousness of health, but on the contrary it will also be more likely to result in overanxiety.据说，该测试将增强被测者的健康意识，但相反它也将更有可能导致过度焦虑。(2020湖南高考)He also said I set a good example to all of my classmates and that I memorized all the words of unit 3 even though I was not good at English.他也说我为同学们树立了一个好榜样，而且说虽然我不擅长英语但是我记住了第三单元所有的单词。2常用表达“转”的句型：But for me, I would never .; However, it is a pity that .等。However, it is a pity that many pay more attention to the empty slogans rather than actions.然而，让人感到遗憾的是很多人更关注空洞的口号而不是实际行动。.“合”完美结束全文1常用表达“合”的过渡词语：in short, in brief, in conclusion，in a/one word, to sum up, all in all, on the whole, in general等。All in all, traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges.总的来说，旅游是充实自己、准备迎接新的挑战的最好的方式。2常用表达“合”的句型：We can, therefore, came to the conclusion that .; It can easily be safely concluded from . that .; We, therefore, can make it clear from the above discussion that .; Only with combined efforts can we .; It is (high) time that .等。It is high time that we did something to prevent the environment from being polluted.确实到了我们采取措施阻止环境被污染的时候了。there be句型表示某物存在与否，句中的there起引导的作用，句子的真正主语是谓语动词be后面的名词。因此be的单复数由其后的名词决定。该句型的be还可换成stand, exist, lie等。此处我们介绍了许多there be句型的变式，希望对大家的写作有所帮助。1There be .(be可用各种时态)(2020广东高考)According to the above passage, we know when Sally found there were so many problems among her new students, she didnt lose heart.根据上文，我们知道当Sally发现她的新学生中有如此多的问题时，她没有失去信心。(2020四川高考)There are some pieces of information that Id like to share with you.有几条信息我想与你分享。2There 情态动词be .There are too many cars on the road. I think there should be tight restrictions on car numbers.路上的车太多了，我想应该对车的数量进行严格的限制。3There stand/lie/exist/remain/come/go .There remains some doubt among the public as to whether the policy will work.公众依旧担心这项政策是否有效。4There seems/appears/happens/used to be .There happened to be a lot of people by the road. They helped us pull the car out of the big hole.路边恰好有很多人，他们帮助我们把车从那个大坑里拉了出来。5There be sb./sth. doing sth.There are many fans waiting to see the famous singer outside the airport.机场外有很多粉丝正等着见那位著名的歌手。6There be sth.to do/to be done .There is still much to discuss/to be discussed. We shall, therefore, return to this item at our next meeting.还有许多事情要讨论，因此，我们将在下次会议上再次讨论这项内容。7There be no doing .(doing主要是tell, say, talk, joke, deny等的ing形式)There is no denying that the fact that more and more plastics will come into use in our daily life.不可否认，越来越多的塑料将用于我们的日常生活中。8There be no use/good/sense/point/need/doubt/possibility .(2020四川高考)There is no doubt that I will get good grades.毫无疑问，我会取得好的成绩。There is no need to worry about it as the government is now making every effort to provide more jobs.没必要担心，因为政府正在尽一切努力提供更多的工作岗位。9There being .There being no further business, the chairman declared the meeting closed.由于没有其他的事情，主席宣布散会。10There be no such thing/person as .There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world; you must work hard.世上没有免费的午餐，你必须努力工作。1It takes (sb.) some time/energy/effort . to do sth.It took them about half an hour to work out the difficult maths problem.他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。2It is/was形容词of/for sb. to do sth.(2020天津高考)Of course, I guess it is not so easy for you to learn it.当然，我猜想对于你来说学习它并不简单。3It is/was形容词that .(2020重庆高考)It is true that a smart phone plays an important role in our daily life.真的，智能手机在我们日常生活中扮演重要的角色。4It is/was名词to do sth.(2020江苏高考)It is everybodys duty to observe traffic rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track.遵守交通规则，靠右行走，保持社会秩序井然有序是每个人的责任。5It is/was名词that .It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century dont attract visitors.很遗憾，这些建于十九世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。6It is/was过去分词that .(2020四川高考)Its known to all that “Where is a will, there is a way.”众所周知，“有志者事竟成。”7It seems/happens that .It happened that he was a doctor, so the sick man was saved.碰巧他是个医生，因此病人得救了。8It hits/strikes/occurs to sb. that .Did it ever occur to you that you would end up in prison if you continued behaving like that?你就没想到过继续这样做最终会被关进监狱吗？9It benefits sb. to do sth.(2020江西高考)It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught in class.课前预习、课堂上专心听讲并复习课堂上所学的东西使我受益匪浅。10It is/was ones turn to do sth.It is your turn to pick up the kids from school this afternoon.今天下午轮到你去学校接孩子了。11It is/was time for sb. to do sth.I know it is time for me to set out to do my homework, but I just cant resist playing computer games.我知道是开始做作业的时候了，但我就是忍不住要玩电脑游戏。12It is/was (about/high) time that .It is high time that the government took measures to fight against crimes in economic field.确实到了政府采取措施与经济领域的犯罪做斗争的时候了。13It is/was no use/good/useless doing sth.It is no use trying to solve the problem by force. Peace talks are the only solution.试图用武力解决问题是没用的，和平谈判才是唯一的办法。14It is no wonder that .The Internet keeps us informed of the latest news and also