2020届高考英语二轮复习 第1部分 单项填空 专题5 动词与动词短语精品学案 新课标（通用）

专题五 动词与动词短语专题导读1动词短语为主，动词为辅在近几年所考查的动词与动词短语的题中，考查动词短语的占多数。2考查动词的词义辨析包括常见动词用法辨析，近义词辨析，词形相近词辨析，用法相近词辨析。3考查动词短语辨析主要包括同根动词短语的辨析、同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析、 不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及“动词副词介词”短语的辨析。在动词短语的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词的考查，出现频率较高的词有：get，turn，make，put，go，give，break，cut，come，look，keep，bring，show，pick，hold，fall，carry，pull，catch，call，take等。技巧点拨：动词与动词短语的考查实际上是词汇知识与语言环境的考查，因此我们要注意以下两个问题：1熟记考试大纲词汇的意义与用法分析近几年的高考试题，我们发现，尽管动词与动词短语的考查非常丰富，但是万变不离其宗，都没有脱离考试大纲，因此对考试大纲中动词与其短语的熟练掌握是我们解决问题的关键。在动词与短语单项填空题中我们出错的原因大部分是对其意义掌握不全面。2分析语言环境，做到对症下药在搞明白了各选项的意义后，我们要充分分析题干，然后依据题干所含的语境确定选项。真题典例【解析】 B句意：我可以忍受房子不整洁，但是如果不干净的话我会厌恶。考查动词短语辨析。put up with忍受。come up with想出；turn to转向，求助于，翻到；stick to坚持。（）1. 2020;2020课标全国卷 I can _ the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.Acome up with Bput up withCturn to Dstick to（）2. 2020;2020课标全国卷 William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to _.Adisappear BfallCfail Ddamage【解析】 C句意：威廉发现阅读越来越难，因为他的视力开始衰退。考查动词的词义区别。fail在这里表达“（指健康）衰退，变弱”，符合题意。disappear消失；fall落下；damage损坏，毁掉。（）3.2020;2020陕西卷 Some insects _the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.Atake in Btake offCtake on Dtake out【解析】 C句意：有些昆虫呈现出和周围环境一样的颜色，目的是保护自己。考查动词短语辨析。四个选项的意思分别如下：A欺骗，吸收；B脱掉，起飞，成功；C呈现；D拿出。因此选择C项。（）4.2020;2020全国卷 Mary, I _John of his promise to help you.Atold BremindedCwarned Dadvised【解析】 B句意：玛丽，我已经提醒过约翰他答应过帮你的事情。考查动词搭配。tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事； remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事，使某人想起某事； warn sb. of sth.警告某人关于某事；advise sb. to to sth.建议某人做某事。故选B。（）5.2020;2020湖北卷 Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also _our thinking.Adirect BlimitCchange Dimprove【解析】 B句意：我们要想成功，知识和学习是很重要的，但它们也可能限制我们的思考。考查动词词义辨析。direct指导；limit限制；change改变；improve改进。由but可知，前后意义上是转折关系，故选B项。（）6.2020;2020湖北卷 The minister said, “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but well never _ with criminals.”Anegotiate BquarrelCargue Dconsult【解析】 A句意：部长说：“我们准备和任何合法政党开展商讨，但决不会与罪犯谈判。” 考查动词词义辨析。negotiate谈判；quarrel争吵；argue辩论；consult咨询。根据句意应选A项。【解析】 D句意：临床证据开始增多，表明这种新药物较以往在动物身上做实验所预测的有更广泛的有益的用途。考查动词词义辨析。operate操作；strengthen加强；approve赞成；accumulate积累，积聚。根据句意可知应选D项。（）7.2020;2020湖北卷 Clinical evidence began to _， suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.Aoperate BstrengthenCapprove Daccumulate（ ）8.2020;2020湖北卷 The government has taken measures to _ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.Atake down Bbring downChand down Dtear down【解析】 B句意：政府已经采取措施来降低日用品的价格，以保持市场稳定。考查动词短语辨析。take down写下，记下；bring down降低，减少；hand down把传下去，宣布；tear down拆除。根据句意可知应选B项。（）9.2020;2020山东卷 They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic.Aput off Bspeed upCturn on Dwork out【解析】 B句意：他们正拓宽桥面来加快车流量。考查动词短语辨析。put off推迟；speed up加速；turn on打开，接通；work out算出，弄懂，产生结果。由题干中的关键信息broaden和the flow of traffic可知此处填speed up。（）10.2020;2020江西卷 You cant predict everything. Often things dont_ as you expect.Arun out Bbreak outCwork out Dput out【解析】 C句意：你不能预言一切事情。有些事情的结果常常和你期待的不一样。考查动词短语的辨析。run out 耗尽；break out突然爆发；work out 解决，产生结果；put out 扑灭。新题预测（）1.The news has _ that an earthquake will arrive before daybreak.Agot out Bgot roundCgot up Dgot away【解析】 1. B“消息传开了：地震在天亮之前到来。”get round在这里的意思“（消息）传开”。（）2.Because of the poor harvest, wheat prices have _ in the last six months.Aadded BjumpedCraised Dgathered【解析】 Bjump在这里是“上升”的意思，相当于rise。A、C均有一定干扰性。add意思是“增添”，指把某物（数）加到某物（数）上。raise也有“提高”的意思，但raise是及物动词，因此应该用被动语态have been raised。（）3.When my grandpa was young, he had to _ several miles a day to school since he had no money to take a bus.Acover BtakeCget Dmake【解析】 A语意：我爷爷年轻的时候，他不得不每天走几英里到学校，因为他没有钱乘公共汽车。cover意为“行走（一段路程）”，符合语意。（）4.Old memories are often _ when you hear a particular song or a piece of music.Acalled in Bcalled onCcalled out Dcalled up【解析】 D“当你听一首特别的歌或一段音乐时，旧的回忆经常被勾起来。”call up意思是“征召（服役）；召唤；传（讯）；使人想起；提出（议案等）；打电话给”；call on 意思是“号召，呼吁，请求，约请”；call in 有“召集，召来，招请；收回，来访”等意。call out 有“出动，唤起，引起，大声叫出来”等意。（）5.Thats a lovely dress.Do you think so? My aunt gave it to me for my birthday, but I dont _ the color.Ainterest in Bcare forCplease with Dfond of【解析】 Bcare for 在这里是“喜欢”的意思。也可以用be interested in，be pleased with, be fond of, 因此其他答案不正确。（）6.The folk song concert was so well _ that all the tickets had been sold out on the first day.Aaccepted BrecognizedCreceived Dpromised【解析】 Creceive在这里是“对作出反应”。A有一定干扰性，accept表示主观接受某物，因此不合题意。（）7.The square is so large that hundreds of cars can park there and still leaves room to _.Aspare Bspend Cstore Dsave【解析】 7. A句意：广场非常大，成百上千辆车停在那里，还有地方空出来。spare在这里是“空出，抽出（时间）”等；spend 意思是“花费”，store “储存”，save“节省”，因此A项正确。（）8.John _ almost all of his records to his friends, but he still had a very few left.Aput away Bset asideCturned in Dgave away【解析】 D句意：约翰几乎把他所有的唱片都馈赠给了他的朋友们，但他还剩一些。put away 把收拾起来放好；set aside 搁置一边；turn in 上交，交还；give away 赠送。结合题意，此处选用gave away。（）9.He looked through as many daily newspapers as he could to_ what they said about his latest book.Ahear of Bsee toClook up Dfind out【解析】 Dfind out查清，弄明白；hear of听说；see to 处理