2020年高考英语 考前冲刺常考易混淆词汇

2020;2020年高考英语考前冲刺常考易混淆词汇1.be known as,be known for,be known to,be known in辨析(1)be known as作为而著名，其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。Liu Huan is known as a singer.(2)be known for因而著名，其后所接内容表示某人或某物的特点、特长等。Guilin is known for its beautiful mountains and rivers.(3)be known to为所了解/知道，其后接表示人的词语。He is known to all in our village. (4)be know in在某地很著名，其后接表地点的词语。He is well-known in the town where he was born. 2. be/get used to (doing) sth.,be used to do sth.,used to do sth. 辨析(1)be/get used to (doing) sth.习惯于，适用于；可用于多种时态；to为介词。I didnt think I could ever get used to living in a big city after living in the country.(2)be used to do sth.被用来做某事；可用于多种时态；不定式为目的状语。Wood is used to make paper.(3)used to do sth.过去常常，暗含现在已经不那么做了；只用于过去时；used to为情态动词，后接动词原形。I used to smoke,but I gave up a couple of years ago. 3. be made of,be made from,be made up of,be made by,be made in辨析(1)be made of表示“由制成”，指从原料到制成品，没有发生本质变化(属物理变化)。This table is made of wood.(2)be made from表示“由制成”，指从原料到制成品，发生了质的变化(属化学变化)。Paper is made from wood.(3)be made up of表示“由组成”，强调主语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。The team is made up of twelve members.(4)be made by表示“由做”，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调动作的执行者。The kite was made by my grandma.(5)be made in接表时间的数词或名词时，表示“某物何时制造的或何时产的”；接指地点的名词时，表示“某地产某物”。This bike was made in Tianjin.The car was made in 2020;2020.4.sometimes,sometime,some time,some times 辨析(1)sometimes是个频度副词，意为“有时”，表示动作发生的不经常性，常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用。Sometimes I have lunch at school.(2)sometime是个副词，意为“在某时”，指时间上不确定的某一点，常用于一般过去时或一般将来时。I saw him sometime in July.(3)some time是个名词短语，意思是“一段时间”，在句中常与for等词连用。Ill stay here for some time.(4)some times是个短语，表示几倍或若干次数。I have met him some times before.5. bring in,bring up,bring about辨析(1)bring in引入；赚得(2)bring up抚养，养育(3)bring about导致，引起6. run out,go out,give out,leave out辨析(1)run out用完，耗尽(2)go out外出交际；送出，发出(3)give out用完，耗尽；停止运转(4)leave out省去，遗漏；不包括7. buy,cost,pay,spend,take辨析(1)buy指购买。常见搭配：buy (sb.) sth.;buy sth.(for sb./sth.)。(2)cost指花钱、时间、精力等。常见结构：sth.cost sb.sth.。(3)pay指花钱。常见结构：sb.pay for。(4)spend指花时间、钱等。常见结构：sb.spend.(in) sth.;sb.spend.on sth.。(5)take主要指花时间。常见结构：It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.。如：他花了36 000法郎买了这只手表。The watch cost him thirty-six thousand francs.He spent thirty-six thousand francs on the watch/(in) buying the watch.He paid thirty-six thousand francs for the watch.He bought the watch for thirty-six thousand francs.他花了半个小时完成了工作。It took him half an hour to finish the work.He spent half an hour on the work.He spent half an hour (in) finishing the work.8. offer,supply,provide辨析(1)offer指“主动提供”。常见短语搭配：offer sb.sth.;offer sth.to sb.。Josie offered him 500 dollars to do the work.(2)supply指“供应，供给”。常见短语搭配：supply sth.to/for sb./sp.;supply sb./sp.with sth.。 Our farm supplies the market with fruits and vegetables.(3)provide指“提供，供应”。常见短语搭配：provide sth.for sb./sp.;provide sb./sp.with sth.The school provided books for the children.9. opposite,contrary辨析(1)opposite指“(位置，方向，地位，意义等)对立的、相反的”。be opposite to在对面；与相反；in the opposite direction在相反的方向上。His house is opposite to mine.(2)contrary指“(主张，看法，行为等)相反的”， 含有“互相冲突，不一致”的意思，也可以表示 “逆”，如：a contrary wind逆风。This is something quite contrary to my expectations.10. realize,know辨析(1)realize vt. 表示“认识到，意识到；实现，完成”。He didnt realize his mistake until his mother told him.(2)know vt. & vi. 表示“知道；了解，熟悉；认识”。可接段时间作状语。We have known each other for many years.11. late,lately,later,latest辨析(1)late可作形容词或副词，意为“迟(的)，晚(的)”。She is late for school again.(2)lately是副词，意为“最近，近来”相当于recently，常与现在完成时连用。I havent heard from him lately.(3)later为late的比较级，意为“较迟的(地)”；另外，还可用作副词，意为“后来”。He goes home later than anybody.(4)latest为late的最高级，意为“最迟的(地)”，也相当于newest,意为“最新的”。Here is the latest news from abroad.12. cut down,cut off,cut through,cut up,cut in 辨析(1)cut down砍倒；削减(2)cut off打断，中断(供给)(3)cut through开辟(出路或通道)(4)cut up(严重地)割伤，打伤；切碎(5)cut in插嘴13. break out,break down,break away from,break into,break off,break through,break up辨析(1)break out爆发(2)break down出故障，坏掉(3)break away from突然挣脱，逃脱(4)break into强行闯入(5)break off中断，断开(6)break through克服，战胜(7)break up拆开，打散14. separate,divide辨析(1)separate把聚合在一起的事物、东西分开；常与from连用。Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.(2)divide把一个整体分成若干部分；常与into连用。Please divide the apple into two parts.15. struggle,fight辨析(1)struggle挣扎；斗争，指肉体和精神上的搏斗，暗指在艰难处境中奋力挣扎。On arriving at the shore,the girl struggled upthe cliff towards the light she had seen.(2)fight打仗，战斗，主要指肉体上的对抗。引申为一般的斗争，可指“打架”。The soldiers fought bravely in the battle. 16. broad,wide辨析(1)broad着重指某物覆盖面的范围(如肩、背、胸等的宽)，还可表示“宽宏大量”。In point of fact he was broad and heavy,with large hands and feet.(2)wide着重指边沿间相隔的距离以及“广泛的”之意。His reading covers a wide range of subjects.17.occur,happen,take place辨析(1)occur vi.指“发生”时可与happen换用。occur to sb.指“某种思想等呈现于某人的意识中”。It occurred to him that he should go to see a dentist.(2)happen vi.指“偶然发生”时，主语为 “事”；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”。happen to sb./sth.常指不好的事情发生在某人(物)身上。It was unfortunate that this accident should happen/occur.(3)take place vi. 表示“发生”时，可与happen或occur换用，但其后面一般不接to sb./sth.结构；指必然会发生的事情时，多用take place;此外，take place还可表示“举行某种活动”。The official opening of the store will take place next week.18. argue,debate,quarrel辨析(1)argue v.指通过提出理由进行论证；搭配：argue for/against sth.;argue with sb.about/over sth.;argue o doing sth.;argue sb.out of doing sth.。The workers argue for the right for a public holiday.(2)debate v. & n.指正式的辩论；搭配：debate with sb.about/on/upon sth.。(3)quarrel v. & n. 指因愤怒而争吵；搭配：quarrel with sb.about/over sth.。The new couple are always quarrelling about so little family income.19. glance,glimpse,stare,glare辨析(1)glance匆匆一瞥，强调动作；为不及物动词，常借助介词at,over,down等接宾语。She glanced down the list of names.(2)glimpse瞥见，强调结果；为及物动词，可直接接宾语。She glimpsed him through the window when she passed.(3) stare 凝视，盯着看；为不及物动词，常借助介词at接宾语。She stared at him in surprise.(4)glare怒视；瞪眼；为不及物动词，常借助介词at接宾语。They stood glaring at each other.20. normal,common,ordinary,usual,regular,general辨析(1)normal正常的。normal可用作名词，return to normal恢复正常。(2)common常见的；一般的。常用于短语:common sense/knowledge常识。As is known to all,snow is common in cold countries.(3)ordinary普通的，平常的，平凡的。如：an ordinary man普通人，平凡的人。Tom Sawyer was an ordinary American boy who kept getting into trouble.(4)usual通常的，往常的，一贯如此的。常用于短语:as usual像往常一样，照例。Are you returning home at the usual time today?(5)regular有规律的，定期的，经常的。如：regular customers老顾客，常客。(6)general普通的，一般的。The price of the food is a matter of general anxiety.(食品的价格是大家普遍关心的事情，是影响范围较大的全民焦虑的事情)21.country,nation,state,land辨析(1)country国家；国土，侧重指版图，疆域。此外，country含义广泛，适合各种文体，也可代替本组中的任何一个词，有时作“祖国”讲，带有感情色彩。China is a great country with a long history.(2)nation民族；国家，侧重指人民；国民；民族。在国际交往等正式场合，nation语气庄重，比country常用。The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news.(3)state国家；政府，侧重指政权；政体。In our country,railways are state-owned.(4)land国土；国家，带有感情色彩，多用于文学作品中。This is my native land.Ill defend it with my life!22. high,highly辨析两词都可用作副词。(1)high高，在高处。(2)highly赞赏地；非常。He jumped the highest in the Olympic Games and was thought highly of.23. farther,further辨析两者都是far的比较级形式，可用作形容词或副词。(1)farther一般表实际距离的更远。Nanjing is farther from Beijing than Tianjin is.(2)further一般表程度上的进一步或更大范围等。This problem will be further discussed tomorrow.24. death,die,dead,dying,deadly辨析(1)death是名词，既可以作可数名词也可以作不可数名词。He continued to write until his death.There were two deaths on the road.(2)die为不及物动词，且为瞬间动词，不用于被动语态，不能和for引导的时间状语连用。He was badly injured in the accident and died five days later.(3)dead为形容词，与be动词连用表“死了的状态”，可与for引导的时间状语连用。His grandfather has been dead for five years.(4)dying常作形容词用，意为“要/快死了的”。He picked up a dying bird on his way home.(5)deadly作形容词时意为“致命的”。Cancer is a kind of deadly disease.25. call at,call back,call for,call in,call on,call up辨析(1)call at (a place)访问(某地)(2)call back回电话(3)call for(公开)要求，需要(4)call in要求退回，召来(5)call on邀请；请求(6)call up使回忆起，使想起26. damage,destroy,ruin辨析这三个词都有“破坏，损害”的意思，但有所区别。(1)damage损坏，破坏，可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品，一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低，这种损坏是部分性的，通常指损坏的程度不那么严重，还可以修复再用；也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西。Smoking has damaged his health badly.(2)destroy破坏，摧毁，毁灭，通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏”，一般情况下不可以修复再用；另外，它既可表示毁坏具体的物品，也可表示毁坏抽象的东西。The big fire destroyed the whole house.(3)ruin泛指一般性的破坏，指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。The rain will ruin the crops. 27. fit,suit,match辨析(1)fit用作及物动词，意为“与相符，适合”；用作不及物动词，意为“适合，合身”，多指衣物、鞋子等尺寸大小合适。fit可用作形容词，常构成be fit for，意为“适于”。This coat doesnt fit you.(2)suit意为“适合”，多指衣物等的颜色、款式、质地等适合，穿起来协调、好看；也指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件和地位等。suit的形容词为suitable,be suitable for相当于be fit for。This coat doesnt suit you.(3)match表品质、颜色、设计等方面匹配，意为“与相配”。The doors were painted blue to match the walls28. lie,lay辨析(1)lie意为“躺”，过去式和过去分词分别为lay和lain。lie除了有“躺”的意思外，还有“说谎”之意，其过去式和过去分词均为lied。(2)lay意为“下蛋；放置”，其过去式和过去分词均为laid。The boy who was lying under the tree lied to me that he had laid the box behind the door.29. find,found,founded辨析(1)find发现，找到，为动词原形。(2)found既是不规则动词find的过去式和过去分词，又是一个动词，意为“创建，创办”。He has already found his watch.(3)founded为动词found的过去式和过去分词。The school was founded ten years ago.30. on board,on the board,on the boards辨析(1)on board泛指“在船上”，还可指“在飞机(火车、公共汽车等)上”。这个习语也可接船名或船的类型(如：on board the Dongfeng在东风号上；on board a liner在邮轮上)。(2)on the board除可表示“在(具体的)这艘或那艘船上”外，还可表示“在会上讨论”。(3)on the boards中的boards是“舞台”的意思，其原义是“在舞台上”，现常引申为“做演员”或“演出”，常用在连系动词be后作表语。31. care about,care for,take care of辨析(1)care about关心，在意，指由于某事重要，或是因责任所在而关心、在意，一般用于否定句。He doesnt care about his clothes.(2)care for喜欢，照顾。用作“喜欢”时，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。I dont really care for red wine.(3)take care of照料，相当于look after。Take care of yourself!32complete,finish,end辨析这三个词都可以用作动词，并且也全都有“结束，完成”的意思。虽意义相近，但用法上也有一些区别。(1)complete是较正式的用语，常常用于完成预定的任务、工程、建设等。They havent completed the house yet.(2)finish是最一般的用语，通常指结束日常活动，主要指圆满完成或结束自己着手的工作。The man didnt go to bed until he finished his work last night.(3) end是指结束、终止某项活动，而不管这项活动是否达到所期望的结果，常用于讲话、会议、演讲、战争等。His speech ended at 4 oclock.33. besides,except,but辨析三者都可以用作介词。(1)用于肯定句时，except/but意为“除外(不再有)”；besides意为“除外(还有)”。请比较：All of them have seen the film except/but Wu Dong.All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong.(2)except后接名词、代词、动词-ing或不定式时，可以与but互换；except后接副词、介词短语时，一般不能用but替换。34. because of,owing to,due to,as a result of,thanks to辨析这些短语都可以表示原因，但用法不尽相同。(1)because of因为，由于，在句中一般作状语，可置于句首或句末。Because of illness,the boy did not go to school.(2)owing to由于，因为，在句中通常作状语，其所引导的短语必须是修饰全句的，严格地讲，置于句末时应用逗号和主句隔开，而because of 则不用。(3)due to所引导的短语在句中一般作表语或定语，但在很多场合中可以与owing to通用。He was injured due to (owing to) a car accident.(4)as a result of由于。As a result of the war the lives of many people were lost.(5)thanks to幸亏，由于，因为，它所引导的短语可以表达正面的意思(表示谢意)，也可以用于讽刺。Thanks to your rotten ideas,we went the long way.(含有讽刺的意味)35. catch up with,keep up with辨析(1)catch up with赶上，指从后面追上或改变落后的状况。Tom caught up with the German girl.(2)keep up with跟上，指齐步前进，并驾齐驱，不致落后或掉队。另外keep up with还可以表示 “与保持联系”的意思。They tried to keep up with Britain in building ships.36. take the place of,take ones place辨析(1)take the place of sb./sth.相当于take sb.s/sth.s place,即“代替某人或某物”。Tractors have now taken the place of horses and cows in most villages.(2)take ones place就位。Take your place,please.We are about to start.37. hurt,wound,injure辨析(1)hurt既可以指肉体上的疼痛，也可以指精神上的伤害。Dont be afraid I wont hurt you.(2)wound一般指外伤，多指在战争中或战斗中所受的伤，常指刀伤或枪伤。He got a deadly wound in the battle.(3)injure指在意外事故中所受的伤。Five passengers were injured in the accident.38. certain,sure辨析这两个词都有“确定”之意，在大多数情况下都可以互换，但也有不同之处。(1)certain强调所指事情的无可争辩性，而sure用法比较随便。(2)certain和sure的主语都可以为人，但certain还可用于“It is certain that.”句式中，sure不能。He is sure/certain that he can catch the train.It is certain that he can catch the train.39. know, recognize 辨析(1)know认识，熟悉，是延续性动词，可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。They have known each other for more than ten years.(2)recognize认出，辨认出，是短暂性动词，表示通过视觉、听觉或嗅觉认出原来所熟悉的人或物， 不能与表示一段时间的词连用。She had changed so much that I couldnt recognize her at the first sight.40. gather,contain,include,collect辨析这四个词都有“收集”的意思，但在意义及用法上有所不同。(1)gather指把分散的东西集中在一个地方，例如收庄稼等。She gathered her papers and books together.(2)contain可用于表示包含所含之物的全部或部分。 This book contains all the information you need.(3)include只能用于表示所包含之物的一部分。 The price includes postage charges.(4)collect用来指为了一个特定的目的把东西仔细地挑选后收集起来，例如集邮等。The boy enjoys collecting coins. 41. burn down,burn out,burn up辨析(1)burn down (火势)减弱；(被)焚毁。(2)burn out烧尽，熄灭。(3)burn up被烧掉(毁)；烧得更旺。42. how often, how long, how far, how soon辨析(1)how often有“多久一次”的意思，是对做某事的频率提问。对how often的回答一般是：twice a year/three times a week。(2)how long表示“时间多久或物体多长”，表示时间时侧重指“一段时间”。对how long的回答一般是时间段，如for three days。(3)how far是提问“路程有多远”，询问距离的，还可以表示程度。(4)how soon表示“多久之后”，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问。对how soon的回答一般是：in+时间段，如in two days/in five years。43. alive,living辨析这两个词都表示“活着的，有生命的”的意思，但用法有所不同。(1)alive是表语形容词，放在系动词之后，不能放在它所修饰的名词之前。He is the only man alive who could do it.(2)living既可用作表语形容词，又可用作定语形容词，故可放在它所修饰的名词之前。English is a living language.(3)就使用场合而言，alive多用于人，用作比喻或强调时也用于物；living主要用作定语，修饰人或物均可。就词性而言，alive 只能用作形容词，不能作名词；living既可作形容词，又可作名词。44. alone,lone,lonely辨析(1)alone只表示“单独无伴”，不表示心理上的“孤独”，只能作表语或状语，不能作定语。(2)lone也表示“单独无伴”，只用作定语。(3)lonely表示心理上的“孤独”或地点的“荒凉”。He lived alone on a lonely island as a lone man.45. loud,loudly,aloud辨析(1)loud大声地，响亮地，修饰动词一般用loud而不用loudly，尤其是在非正式谈话中。常与loud连用的动词有talk,laugh,speak,shout等。(2)loudly高声地，有时可与loud通用，但更侧重 “喧闹”的意思。Dont talk so loud/loudly.(3)aloud出声地，又有使声音被对方听到的意思，往往与read连用。Please read the passage aloud.46. cross,across,crossing辨析(1)cross作动词用时，意思是“横过”。cross作名词用时，指“十字形的东西”。They are crossing the river.(2)across可作介词或副词，意为“横穿，横过”。They pushed the cart across the bridge.(3)crossing意为“十字路口，人行横道”。They are standing at a crossing.47. at a distance,in the distance辨析(1)at a distance是“从远处”的意思，表示一定的距离、近距离或具体的距离，其不定冠词a 有时可以省略或是改为some。This picture looks better at a distance.(2)in the distance表示“在远处”，强调距离之远。We saw lights in the distance.48. at any moment,at the moment,for a moment,for the moment,in a moment,the moment辨析(1)at any moment随时，任何时候，与at any time及at all times同义。We can ask him for help at any moment.(2)at the moment表示“现在，此刻”的意思，用于一般现在时，也可以说成at this moment,相当于now/at present。I am busy at the moment.(3)for a moment片刻，一会儿。The man was silent for a moment.(4)for the moment目前，暂时。For the moment he didnt know what to say.(5)in a moment立即，马上，表示现在或过去的动作即将发生的时间。Hurry up,the film will start in a moment.(6)the moment用来引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”，相当于as soon as。The moment I saw I knew that there was no hope.49. cause, reason, excuse辨析(1)cause意为“起因，原因”，指引起某种结果的必然原因，即主要事实方面的原因。The cause of the fire was carelessness.(2)reason意为“理由，原因”，指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口，这种理由可能是也可能不是真正的理由，强调逻辑推理方面的理由。 Tell us your reason for changing the plan.(3)excuse指为免受指责或推卸责任而找的理由或辩解，也就是我们常说的“借口”。Too much work is no excuse for absence.50. journey, trip, travel, voyage辨析(1)journey适用的范围较广，可指陆地、海上或空中的旅行，常用于表示长途或短途的常规旅行。(2)trip尤指短途旅行，可与make,take,go on等构成短语。He went on a trip to the nearest seaside his holidays.(3)travel泛指