大学英语四(综合教程)第六单元

大学体验英语四（综合教程）Unit 6Psychological HealthListen and TalkLead inAre you feeling really sad, tired, and worried most of the time? Are these feelings lasting more than a few days? If yes, you may have depression. Depression is a (S1) medical illness that (S2) the brain.You may want to know why you feel depressed.” There may be (S3) causes. Depression may happen because of (S4) in your brain. Depression runs in some (S5) . This (S6) that someone in your family such as a grandparent, parent, aunt, uncle, cousin, sister or brother may have depression. Sometimes (S7) events or losses such as deaths can lead to depression. Sometimes the cause of depression is not clear.Dont wait. Talk to your doctor about how youre feeling (S8) . If you dont have a doctor, check your local phone book. (S9) . Call one near you and ask for help. (S10) . Ask your doctor which type is best for you. Some people need both treatments to feel better.Key:(S1) serious; (S2) involves; (S3) several; (S4) changes; (S5) families; (S6) means; (S7) painful; (S8) Get a medical checkup to rule out any other illnesses that might be causing signs of depression. (S9) Go to the government services pages and look for health clinics” or community health centers.” (S10) There are two common types of treatment for depression: medicine and talk” therapy.Passage A: Is It Healthy to Be a Football Supporter?2. Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the passage. 1. Psychologists often describe die-hard fans as _. A) those who suffer fewer bouts of depression than others. B) those who are considered to be disturbingly different from others C) those who demonstrate a fierce and unbreakable bond D) those who never search for self-esteem by identifying with a team2. To the die-hard fans, a football match _. A) is a fight to protect their city or country B) is a light-hearted display of athletic prowess C) is the best way to gain respect from their rivals D) is a good chance for them to show their enthusiasm for football3. Which of the following statements is WRONG about the die-hard fans? A) They tend to blame their teams failures in a biased referee. B) They get more psychologically aroused at games. C) They are likely to abandon a team when its doing badly. D) They spend more money on tickets and merchandise.4. Why do some fans remain loyal through thick and thin despite the repeated failure of their teams? A) Because they are much more optimistic about their favorite teams. B) Because they tend to blame their teams failures on bad luck. C) Because they have higher self-esteem than those uninterested in sports. D) Because they desire to belong to a group or a society.5. The author thinks that _. A) being a die-hard football fan can be good for your health B) football makes many families break down C) all human beings share the basic psychological need to belong D) die-hard fans suffer from a kind of psychological disease6. The word void”in the last sentence means _. A) family bond B) psychological need to belong C) religious group D) self-satisfaction7. We may conclude from the passage that the authors attitude towards the football fans is _. A) positive B) negative C) indifferent D) neutral Answer: 1.B, 2.A, 3.C, 4.D, 5.C, 6.B, 7.A3 Answer the following questions with the information from the passage. 1. What kind of people do psychologists portray die-hard fans as?Lonely misfits searching for self-esteem by identifying with a team.2. Compared to people who never watch a football match, what does the study mentioned inPara.3 suggests about the football fans?They suffer fewer bouts of depression and alienation3. Why does the author say that the fans connection to a team is fickle? (Because they say) We won (when) describing (the teams) victory, and they lost (when) describing (its) defeat.4. Highly-identified” fans tend to blame their teams failure on a biased referee or on bad luck, rather than _. on their teams mistakes or the other teams skill.5. Is a deep attachment to a team healthy according to the passage?Yes in most cases.4.Complete the summary of the text. The first letter of the missing word has been given to you. Die-hard football fans are often 1) p as lonely misfits, but a study has 2) r that football fans suffer fewer bouts of 3) d and alienation than people who never watch the 4) g . The research shows that through football matches, fans can win 5) a not for their own achievements, but through their 6) c to a team that wins. More surprising is that they have higher self-esteem than people 7) u in sports. Some ardent fans remain 8) l to their teams through thick and thin, and this can be explained by the desire to belong to a group or a society. All human beings 9) i football fans ?share the basic 10) p need of belonging.Anwser: 1.portrayed 2.revealed 3.depression 4.game 5.admiration 6.connection 7.uninterested 8.loyal 9.including 10.psychological5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. primitive attachment arouse achievement abandon sharp confrontation crucial intense soar 1. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great _ . 2. Improved consumer confidence is _ to an economic recovery. 3. It is a _ instinct to flee a place of danger. 4. Later, some of his findings _ much popular interest in his book. 5. Psychologists believe that separation from the parents during the sensitive _ period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose it to emotional problems in later life. 6. The issue has caused great tension between the two countries and could lead to a military _ . 7. The introduction of computerized information systems has _ changed management control in many companies. 8. Most of the students have already felt the pressure of _ inflation. 9. Dozens of homes have had to be _ as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. 10. The _ study of German helps Mark know more about German culture and customs. Answer: 1. achievement 2. crucial 3. demonstrate 4. aroused 5. attachment 6. confrontation 7. sharply 8. soaring 9. abandoned 10. intense6. Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage.1. Go ahead with it, and we will stand by you _ . 2. Last Sunday evening we went to the school playground to _ the school football team.3. The new evidence _ my argument that they took advantage of the chance. . 4. The garden has _ our family for a long time.5. For 12 years, weve sought to _ this ultimate threat of disaster.Answer:1. through thick and thin 2. root for 3. backed up 4. belonged to 5. stave off7.The following games related words occur in this passage. Find 5 pairs of near synonyms and 2 pairs of near antonyms.conflictpsychologicalclashmentaldepressionlight-harted feeling sad back up harmfulself-worth intense support self-esteem helpful Synonyms 1 _ is similar in meaning to _. 2 _ is similar in meaning to _.3 _ is similar in meaning to _. 4 _ is similar in meaning to _.5 _ is similar in meaning to _. Artonyms 1 _ is nearly opposite in meaning to _. 2 _ is nearly opposite in meaning to _.Synonyms Antonyms 1 conflict; clash 1 light-hearted; intense 2 mental; psychological 2 helpful; harmful 3 feeling sad; depression 4 self-esteem; self-worth 5 back up; support8. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.她将她的少年时代描绘成一个幻想和发现的时期。(portray as)She portrayed her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery.2. 试验表明，不抽烟的人比抽烟的人在工作中犯的错误要少。(fewer than)Experiments showed that non-smokers committed fewer errors than smokers.3.球迷经常受到人们的重视，不是因为他们自身的成功，二十因为他们支持的球队获得了胜利。(not but)Football fans are often highly regarded not for their own achievement, but through their connection to a team that wins.4. 尽管演技高超，这部长达3个小时的电影还是未能抓住我们的注意力。(despite) Despite the wonderful acting, the three-hour movie could not hold our attention.5.王教授是我唯一指望能救我儿子的大夫。(rely on)Professor Wang is the only doctor I can rely on to save my son.9. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 1. Die-hard football fans hit the heights when their team wins and reach the depths of despair when they lose. hit the heights when the depths of despair when .2. It reveals that football fans suffer fewer bouts of depression and alienation than people who never watch Match Of The Day. fewer than . 3.This means you can be highly regarded not for your own achievement, but through your connection to a team that wins. not but . 4. Not only that, they tend to blame their teams failures on a biased referee or on bad luck, rather than on Arsenals mistakes or the other teams skill. blame on rather on .5. That applies to all ardent sports fans. applies to 1. Arsenal fans hit the heights when Arsenal wins and the depths of despair when it loses. 2. In the test of short-term memory, non-smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. 3. Not that she forgot to do her homework, but that she was busy nursing a sick classmate. 4. They blamed the failure of the exam on difficulty of the paper, rather on their own mistakes.5. The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings.Passage B:A Working Man Is a Healthy Man12. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the passage.1. In the sentence (Para. 1) now the only question is when”, here when” means _. A) when to devote yourself full-time to golf B) when to marry a rich wife C) when to retire D) when to have a vacation.2. Men who keep working late into geezerhood _. A) usually work for a living B) usually dont like recreational activities C) usually get into trouble D) can live longer than men who retire early.3. Work is good for men because _. A) all working men are healthy and happy B) men who are married to homemaker” wives are more likely to have upwardly mobile careers C) more women coming to work may lead to the rising rates of suicide and depression in men D) raising children and housekeeping are stressful for men4. Which of the following statements isnt the good reason not to retire? A) Family life affects the benefits a man obtains from work. B) You can regain whatever you may have lost by retiring. C) You can devote yourself to golf. D) Men should work to support the family.5. Which statement is not true according to the passage? A) We dont suffer any ill effects from work. B) A successful and accomplished man is a healthy and happy man. C) Newly retired men experience more marital conflict than non-retired men. D) Men who retired early experience the lowest morale and most depression.Answer: 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A13. Answer the following questions with information from the passage. 1. What thought is dreadful according to the author?You are only 30-years-old - or maybe even 40 or 50 - and are already fantasizing about retiring.2. What will happen if we fill our days with nothing but recreational activities?We get in trouble - we might get beaned by a shanked golf ball, fall off a fishing boat after a beer too many, that kind of thing.3.In what way we suffer some ill effects form work?Men are the victims of more than 90 percent of all job-related accidents. Our highly competitive instincts also propel us to advance in our professions and climbing the ladder can be stressful.4. What other things also cause stress besides work? Raising children is stressful. Unemployment is really stressful. Vacations can be stressful. Driving in Milan is a nightmare.5. What kind of men are more likely to have downwardly mobile careers?Men married to women who work full-time are more likely to have downwardly mobile careers.6. Can you give us an example about A working man is a healthy man”?Open14. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.recreation victim propel depress financial equivalent nothing instinct regardless beneficial 1. Black is a cunning man, but he has finally become a _ of his own scheming.2. They feared that rising inflation would further _ the economy.3. Is there a French word that is the exact _ of the English word home.4. Wang Lin may become a diplomat because he has an _ for tact and diplomacy.5. In the Mediterranean, there is a temperate climate _ to health.6. You cant accept _ drug use and expect to control the drug problem.7. John is a person _ by ambition.8. Many computer software corporations are experiencing _ reverses.9. Dont worry about my illness; what I need is _ but a days rest.10. We will persevere _ of past failures. Answer: 1. victim 2. depress 3. equivalent 4. instinct 5. beneficial 6. recreational 7. propelled 8. financial 9. nothing 10. regardless 15. Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions chosen from the passage. Change the form where necessary.1. Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, a tiny power pack, in the patients chest.2. I quite what you said, though I dont believe that you can put it into practice.3. Which sport has the most expenses training equipment, players personal equipment a