2020高考英语总复习 经典易错题会诊与试题预测 第五部分短文改错

第五部分 短文改错总体概述短文改错题旨在考查考生发现、判断、纠正语篇错误的能力。它要求考生具备扎实的语言功底，相当高的语言运用能力；此题涉及到词汇、语法、惯用法、篇章结构、行文逻辑等各个方面。但是，这种试题并不是检测语法知识的，而是检测考生写作能力中的校验能力。这种能力是进行书面表达的必备能力，写作的成效需要良好的写作程序的支持，而在写作程序中，检验能力是不可缺少的要素。把短文改错当作语法练习是对高考中短文改错的误解。一、短文改错题的解题步骤1.通读全文，掌握大意短文改错不是单句改错，每一句的语意表达，结构选择是受土下文制约的。如谓语动词时态的选择，代词的指代功能等都要依照上下文的线索进行判断。因此，考生应立足:于上下文，正确理解作者意图，把握短文的题材、体裁、时态主线，人物和主要情节等，从整体上把握全文。2.整句理解，逐行推敲通读全文，了解文章大意、写作方式之后，要细致分析每一个完整的句子。应把主要注意力放在句子层次上，判断句子的表达是否符合行为逻辑，是否符合语法规范。从历年高考题来看短文改错绝大多数题目还是句子层次的问题，侧重语言的准确性，所以句子结构正确与否的审查是关键的一步。在正误判断的基础之上，根据语法规则改正句子中错误之处。改错时应注意改错设计规律，如:有一项正确，九项错误；每一行只有一个错误；改动之处只能有一词，或删掉或增词，或修改。3.复读全文，检查核对错误改完之后要通读全文，以检查改错过程中是否有因上下文制约疏忽导致的误改。核对改后的答案能否使全文流畅、语言规范和准确。二、短文改错题的命题角度一般情况下，短文改错题会出现以下十个命题角度。1.一致关系的错误短文改错题所涉及的一致关系主要包括主渭一致、时态一致、代词指代一致、动词时态与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致等。2.连接手段的错误高考英语短文改错命题的一个重要方面就是考查连接手段。连词使用不当会造成上下文无法衔接。英语中的词与词、句与句必须使用并列或从属连词将其连接起来，要判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是让步，从而选择相应的连词。若为复合句，首先判断属:厂何种从句，然后根据主从句之间的关系判断连接词的使用是否准确或是否有遗漏或多余的现象。3.平行结构的错误在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词对应，形容词与形容词对应，分词与分词对应，不定式与不定式对应，短语与短语对应。它经常借助于并列连词and，or，but或连词词组not only.but also.，not.but.，either.or.，neither.nor.，as well as等。4.非谓语动词形式上的错误主要考查不定式符号to的多余或遗漏；to是介词还是不定式符号的辨认(后跟动词原形还是动名词)；现在分词与过去分词的区别。5.多余词汇的错误主要考查程度副词或频率副词，如much，more，often等是否多余。关系代词或关系副词所代替的词是否重复出现。6.冠词使用的错误由于汉语中没有冠词，学生对它的用法感到难以掌握，所以高考英语短文改错对冠词的考查几乎年年都有。常见的错误类型有:不可数名词泛指时前面多冠词；单数可数名词前少冠词；不定冠词a与定冠词the的错误使用；固定搭配中的冠词错误等等。7.名词的数与格的错误汉语中的名词在形式上没有复数的变化，而通过在其前加数词来表示。英语则不同，除了在名问前加数词外，如果是可数名词，还须将该名词变成复数形式。近几年NMET常考查考生对名词单复数的掌握情况。8.词语搭配的错误主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词与动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后缺少介词，英语中的一些固定句型及习惯搭配等。9.词性分辨的错误词在句中的位置及与其他词所形成的修饰与被修饰的关系决定了其正确形式，词在句中不同的句法功能要求使用与之相匹配的词性。10.行文逻辑上的错误短文改错中的行文逻辑错误是最难改的一种错误。因为要识别和改出某种错误，考生必须细读全文，在理解短文中心思想、掌握全文逻辑发展顺序的基础上，作出正确判断。下面，我们以典型例题试题中几道有代表意义的短文改错题来分析一下这些种类的错误形式。1. (典型例题)短文改错My car just wouldnt move any further. It was complete1.dead, and I was a few miles far away from anywhere on a cold2.wet night. I decided walk around a little before accepting Id3.have to spend the night in the ear. Maybe I can find a4.telephone. Actually, I didnt have to walk far before I5.found a small house standing on a field with a light6.shone from the sitting room. I knocked at the door and7.was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the8.door but listened to my story carefully. He said he had9.no telephone, and it wasnt one within walking distance,10.but offered to come and look at my car.试题分析1.complete改为completely.词性分辨的错误。这里应该是副词修饰系表结构。2.去掉far.多余词汇的错误。a few miles已经表示了距离。3.walk前加to.非谓语动词形式上的错误。动词 decide后接不定式而且符号不省略。4.call改为could.一致关系的错误。文章是叙述过去发生的事情，应用过去时。5.此行正确。6.on改为in词语搭配的错误。in a field是习惯搭配。7.shone改为shining.非谓语动词形式上的错误。结构with a light shining中宾语light和宾补之间是主动关系，用现在分词。8.delighting改为delighted.非谓语动词形式上的错误。这类词汇当主语是人时，该用过去分词做表语。9.but改为and.连接手段的错误。两个动作之间不是转折关系。10.it改为there.一致关系的错误。这里当是表示“存在有”的there be句型。2.(典型例题改错)My sister found a bird on the roadside. We named himJack and keep him for about three years. He would greet us1.in a tree outside our bedroom, calling “Hello” as we lay in2.bed in a morning. He also passed Hello to the cats when3.they came into the room. We often played a trick on himself.4.Wed throw a coin as far as possibly. Jack would fly away5.and bring it back for us throw again. He would also catch6.the food throwing to him from the other side of the room and7.sing happily. But for the most wonderful thing about Jack8.were his musical ability. Leaving him at home all day, we9.would return at night to hear that hed picked up from theradio in the day.10.试题分析1.keep改为kept.一致关系的错误。文章是叙述过去发生的事情，应用过去时。2.此行正确。3.a改为the.冠词使用的错误。这里是表示“在早上”，短语中应使用定冠词。4.himself改为him.词性分辨的错误。是指“他们捉弄鸟”。5.possibly改为possible.词语搭配的错误。短语as far as possible是习惯搭配。6.throw前加to.非谓语动词形式上的错误。不定式作目的状语，符号to不能省略。7.throwing改为thrown.非谓语动词形式上的错误。过去分词作定语表示被动。8.去掉for.多余词汇的错误。按照文章的意思是表示转折的but，而不是表示“要不是”的but for。9.were改为was.一致关系的错误。主语是表示单数意义的the most wonderful thing.10.that改为what.连接手段的错误。宾语从句中 pick up 缺少宾语。3.(典型例题)Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over1.the world men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. Since2.long ago, many adults and children called their friends together3.to spend hours, even days play games. One of the reasons people4.like to play is that sports help them to live happily. In otherwords,5.they help to keep people strong and feel good. When people are6.playing games, they move a lot. That is how sports are good activities7.for their health. Having fun with their friends make them happy.8.Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play. In American9.big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.10.试题分析1.and改为but连接手段的错误。短语not but意为“不是而是”。2.woman改为women平行结构的错误。短语men andwomen表示“男男女女”。3.Called 前加have一致关系的错误。根据文章语境，这里应用完成时。4.Play改为playing.非谓语动词形式上的错误。句型spend time in doing sth。5.此行正确。6.feel改为feeling.非谓语动词形式上的错误。短语keepfeelinggood，keep省略了。7.how改为why.连接手段的错误。按照文意是表示“为什么”这样。8.make改为makes一致关系的错误。非谓语动词充当主语时，谓语动词用单数。9.去掉the冠词使用的错误。短语the others是“其余的人”，这里指的是“别人”。10.sell改为buy行文逻辑上的错误。根据文意是“买票看球赛”。4. (典型例题)短文改错Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often1.broke down. So he decided to make a best car himself,2.and in 1904 he produced his first new model. Charles Rolls,3.a car maker, was very interested in Royces car, but soon4.Rolls arid Royce go into business together. One of their first5.model was the Silver Ghost. In 1907, a Silver Ghost broke the6.worlds record by drive 14,371 miles without breaking down7.once. After the drive, it was cost just over 2 to put the car8.back into perfect condition. This is not surprising that the Silver9.Ghost was regarded “the best car in the world”. 10.试题解析1.that改为which.连接手段的错误。非限制性定语从句的引导词不能用that.2.best改为better.一致关系的错误。意为“好一点的”，不是最好的，用比较级。3.此行正确。4.but改为and.连接手段的错误。两个动作之间不是转折关系而是递进关系。5.go改为went.一致关系的错误。故事发生在过去时间，用过去时。6.model改为models.名词的数与格的错误。在one of结构中，名词当是复数形式。7.drive改为driving.一致关系的错误。介词by后用动名词短语作宾语。8.去掉was.一致关系的错误。动词cost表示“花费”时，不用于被动。9.This改为It.一致关系的错误。这里是形式主语it10.regarded后加as固定搭配的错误。短语regard as意为“把认为看作”。5.(典型例题卷I, )短文改错There are advantage for students to work while1.studying at school. One of them was that 2. _they can earn money, for the most part. 3.students working to earn money for their own 4. _use. Earning their own momey allow them 5. _to spend on anything as if they please. 6. _They would have to ask thier parents for 7. _money or for permission to do things by 8. _the money. Some students may also to save 9. _up for our college or future use. 10. _试题分析1.advantage改为advantages.名词单复数错误。此处 advantage表示“利益，益处”，可数名词。2.was改为is时态错误。根据上下文，此处时态应用现在时。3.正确4.working改为work.非谓语动词用法错误。此处应用谓语动词。5.allow改为allows.主谓一致错误。非谓语动词作主语时谓语用单数形式。6.去掉if连接词错误。as if意为“似乎”。7.would后加not.逻辑意义错误。自己挣钱就没有必要向父母要钱了。8.by改为with.介词用法错误。“用这些钱”当用介词with。9.去掉to.非谓语动词错误。情态动词may后用动词原形。10.our改为their.代词一致错误。从文可以看出作者称学生们时用第三人称。6.(典型例题卷)短文改错Dear Mr. Brown,I am writing to thank you with your kind help.1.Before you came to teach us, I had not interest in2.English. My pronunciation was terribly. I could 3.only speak a few words. But one and a half year later.4.I now think English fun to learn. I got a lost from your5.encouraging words. I will always remember what you6.said, “If you try to, you can be No. 1 !”I hope youve7.had peasant journet home and will come to China 8.again sometimes in the future. I will write again 9.and send you the photos we take together. 10.Yours sincerely,Li Min试题分析1.with改为for.固定用法错误。thank sb. for sth为固定短语。2.not改为no.否定词用示错误。ho修饰后面的名词interest。3.terribly改为terrible.形容词副词用法错误。系表结构中当用形容词。4.year改为years.名词的数与格的错误。一年半是复数形式。5.Engish后加is.句子结构错误。think后宾语从句中缺谓语。6.正确。7.去掉to.非谓语动词用法错误。此处应该省略to。8.journey前加a.冠词用法错误。journey是可数名词。9.sometimes改为sometime.副词用法错误。Sometime表示未来的某个时候。10.take改为took.时态用法错误。寄去的照片是以前照的，故用过去时。Passage 1Many many years ago there had a merchant 1.答案: had改为waslivednamed Abul. He was the richer man in the 2.答案: richer改为richestcountry. He had large, strong boxes filling 3.答案: filling改为filledwith gold, and his storehouses were full of 4.答案: 正确value goods. He owned land and houses and 5.答案: value改为valuablegardens. But though he was such rich, he 6.答案: such改为sospent least than the poorest beggar in the 7.答案: least改为lesscity. He ate only dates and breads, and wore 8.答案: breads改为breadhis clothing for scores of years before he bought 9.答案: clothing改为clothesnew ones. He had not bought new shoes since 10.thirty years.答案: since改为forPassage 2During this summer holiday I took part in special1.答案: special前加asummer camp with some of my classmates. Where we2.答案: Where改为Theremade some new friends who were senior students from3.答案: 正确Canvey, a town in the Thames, lying to the east of London.4.答案: in改为onAs hosts, we showed them around many places of interests5.答案: interests改为interestin Beijing, such the Palace Museum, the Great Wall and6.答案: such后加asthe Summer Palace and we tell them about the changes7.答案: tell改为toldwhich had been taken place in Beijing. They said that8.答案: 去掉beenBeijing was quite different with what they had heard of and9.答案: with改为fromit was as beautifully as Canvey. I think the summer camp10.is of great value.答案: beautifully改为beautifulPassage 3My dream is always to visit to London, England. I1.答案: 去掉第二个toimagined London like a big city with some of the best2.答案: 1ike改为asart shows in the world. This summer my dream come true3.答案: come改为camewhen I spent a week in London. I lived in a hotel in the4.答案: 1ived改为stayedtheatre area, but on the first day I took several long walks5.答案: but改为andthrough the city staring all the famous buildings. Because6.答案: staring后加atthere is wide variety of programs, I could go to a different7.答案: wide前加atheater every night to see different shows. The best was when8.答案: 正确I went to see a playing by the most famous writer in the English9.答案: playing改为playlanguage-Shakespeare. This is was my mostly enjoyable vacation.10.答案: mostly改为mostPassage 4During the summer holiday, I think I should do something1.答案: think改为thoughtmeaningful instead touring. So I got a job at a fast food2.答案: instead后加ofrestaurant and worked there as cleaner. I worked 7 hours a day3.答案: cleaner前加afor three weeks. The job was hard and bored and seemedendless,4.答案: bored改为boringit made me so tired that I nearly stopped it half way.5.答案: 第一个it改为whichAfter all, I stuck to it with determinations. Every day I started6.答案: determinations改为determinationoff for work early in the morning and went to home late in the7.答案: 去掉toevening. Finally, I finished the job after the new school term8.答案: after改为beforebegan. Now, I understand that labor means. I think it is really9.答案: that改为whata successful experience, which is worth remembering for ever10.答案: 正确Passage 5My swimming experience is extreme interesting. There was1.答案: extreme改为extremelya time when I swam like a rock. This went on to one day2.答案: to改为untilwhen I was fishing with a friend of mine at nearby pond.3.答案: nearby前加aI slip into it. If my friend had not come to my rescue,4.答案: slip改为slippedI would have been drowned. Ever since then, I have come5.答案: 正确to know the importances of learning to swim. I didnt6.答案: importances改为importanceattend to any training class but learned it on my own. Strange7.答案: attend改为go或去掉toto say, I have no difficulty swim at all now. Though my8.答案: swim改为swimmingself- invent styles look awkward(拙笨的), at least they can9.答案: self-invent改为self-inventedkeep my floating. Thinking of this, I am more than satisfied.10.答案: my改为mePassage 6I was used to complain about my English teacher for1.答案: 去掉Washer bad English. I was also tired with her teaching methods,2.答案: with改为ofwhich were always slow and bored. However, my attitude3.答案: bored改为boringtowards her began to change after one afternoon. It was raining4.答案: 正确heavily and I didnt attend to school. Around 5: 30 pm I received5.答案: attend改为go或去掉toa phone call. “Are you all right?” asked my English teacherin quiet6.答案: in后加avoice. On hearing his words, I was shocked and my mind was7.答案: his改为herflooded with mixed feelings. She is showing her concern for8.答案: is改为wasme, though I had not been happily with her! Was she just acting,9.答案: happily改为happyand should I smooth away my past misunderstanding of her?10.答案: and改为orPassage 7When I walked into the classroom, the teacher was handing in the test papers. I was feeling very nervous. I had not studied 1.答案: in改为outat all the weekend as I had thought it would be easy test.2.答案: easy前加anI went trough the test formanytimes but I could only an swer3.答案: 去掉forthree out from the twenty questions. I did not want to fail4.答案: from改为ofthe exam. Then, I put my book under my desk, opening it5.答案: opening改为openand started looking for the answer. The teacher wasnt6.答案:answer改为answerslooking at me, but I copied something. Suddenly, I felt a hand7.答案: but改为andsoon my shoulder! The teacher caught me cheating. I dont8.答案: dont改为didntknow what to say. Luckily, the teacher did not punish for9.答案: for前加mecheating but instead gave me a second chance. 10. _答案:正确Passage 8Dear Linda,Our city changed a lot in the past 5 years. More highways1.答案: changed前加hashave been built, that makes it very convenient for people2.答案: that改为whichto travel. Many high buildings have been appeared, which3.答案: 去掉beenare modem and beautiful. As the result, peoples living4.答案: the改为aconditions have been greatly improved. Many families have got5.答案:正确cars of their own. And they can enjoy them traveling on holidays.6.答案: them改为themselvesThey lead a rich and colorful life. Mobile phone and computers7.答案: phone改为Phonesare very usual now. So it is easier for people to keep in touch8.答案: usual改为commonwith each other than ago. More and more foreign companies have9.答案: ago改为beforestarted factories here. Living here is almost the same as America, I think.10.答案: America前加inBest wishes.Yours truly,Li HuaPassage 9I wonder if I can get some help of you. I was so careless1.答案: of改为fromthat I forgot my case on the No. 213 train from Beijing to Tianjin2.答案: forgot改为leftin August 24th, 典型例题y case is square. It was made in China.3.答案: 第一个in改为onIt is a brown in color. I have my name and address on the case.4.答案: 去掉in或aInside the case, I have a umbrella, some books, two shirts,5.答案: a改为ana cake of soap, a tube of toothpaste or a toothbrush. I also6.答案: or改为andhave a pair of trousers, a cap, a cup and a pair of shoes.7.答案: 正确I have got an alarm clock with me, and a pair of glass.8.答案: glass改为glasossesAnd I have a small radio in the case. Thats that Ive9.答案: 第二个that改为what或前加sal1got in my case. I will be very pleasing if I can get it back.10.答案: pleasing改为pleasedPassage 10Dear Tom,Im glad to hear that you are coming soon. I had just1.答案: had改为haveread an ad for house sale, which you might be interesting2.答案: interesting改为interestedin. Im writing to tell yourself about what it says.3.答案: yourself改为youGreen Square lies in Chaoyang District. It is next the4.答案: next后加toGreat Wall Hotel, and just one kilometer away from the5.答案: 正确expressway. There are also the schools, restaurants, a6.答案: 去掉thehospital and a shop center as well. The kitchen and7.答案: shop改为shoppingthe bathroom are especial convenient. Hot water is8.答案: especial改为especiallyprovided for 24 hours, but lifts work day and night.9.答案: but改为andIf you need further information, calling 010 -77465329.10.答案: calling改为callWith best wishes.Yours truly,JohnPassage 11I will graduate out from university this year. Now I1.答案:really know what the saying “how time flies” mean.2.答案: mean改为meansI still remember clearly the first day which I entered the3.答案: which前加on或 which改为whenuniversity. I miss the days that have passed, But in the4.答案: in改为onother hand, I must consider what I should do in future.5.答案: future前加theIn my opinion, Id like to work for one and two 6.答案: and改为beyears and then I will be able to see that what kind7.答案: 去掉thatof knowledge I lack and am able to go back to study8.答案: am改为bewith a definite aim. Now Im in a dilemma. 9.答案:正确And I really do not know what way is better. 10._答案: what改为whichPassage 12Every child has his own dream. Every child hope to be1.答案: hope改为hopesa adult. All of them think it is a good thing to grow up.2.答案: a改为anHowever, is it true like what they imagine? As a boy3.答案: true改为trulywho lives in modern times and in a modem city, I felt4.答案: felt改为feelgreater pressure on me with the citys development.5.答案: 正确Although we seldom worry about money, but we still6.答案: 去掉buthave a lot of other such as competition among classmates7.答案: other改为othersand expectations from parents. These experiences very8.答案: very前加arehelpful to our future. But in the fact, they really give me9.答案: 去掉thehuge amounts of stress. Lets have the encourage to face10.these worries and try to solve them.答案: encour