2020高考英语总复习 经典易错题会诊与试题预测 第二部分单项填空 考点9名词性从句

第二部分 单项填空考点 9 名词性从句名词性从句中连接词的正确选用that引导的宾语从句，wh-引导的宾语从句以及某些特殊词后所跟的宾语从句that和wh-引导的主语从句及形式主语的几种主要句型获that、wh-疑问词引导的表语从句及从属连词引导的表语从句、同位语从句名词性从句中，从句部分的语序要用陈述语序，不能用凝问语序that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别Whether和if在名词性从句中的用法区别经典易错题会诊命题角度 1 名词性从句中连接词的正确选用1 (典型例题)Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.A. why B. wtat C. who D. that考场错解 B或D专家把脉 许多考生都误以为what在本题中充当 failed的宾语，或认为空格后不缺成分，故选B或D。实际上就本题而言，不难看出句意为“玛丽写了一篇关于队伍为何在比赛中失败的文章”，所以应该选用强调原因的why。对症下药 A2 (典型例题 ) A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.A. how B. after C. what D. when考场错解 B专家把脉 很多考生都认为应选after，事实上从句子结构可知，空缺处应填引导宾词从句的引导词，作do的宾语，同时该词还是从句中do的宾语，因此，应该选用what。对症下药 C3.(典型例题) _ made the school proud was more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A. What, because B. What, that C. That, what D. That, because考场错解 A专家把脉 许多考生由于受汉语思维方式的影响，选A.because用来强调原因，构成因果关系。本题主要是考查主语从句和表语从句，What用在句首引导主语从句，充当句子成分，而that不充当句子成分，只起连结作用。对症下药 B4.(典型例题)His ability has never been in doubtthe question is he is prepared to work hard.A. whether B. if C. that D. where考场错解 B专家把脉 很多同学对whether和if的用法一知半解，尽管二者都有“是否”的意思，但在主语、表语或同位语从句中只能用whether，不能用if。对症下药 A5.(典型例题) He cant answer the question hegot the money.A. what B. that C. how D. where考场错解 B专家把脉 许多考生知道这是一个同位语从句，在定性思维中认为同位语从句用出at引导，事实上同位语从句也可用when，where，why等来引导，不一定只用that.对症下药 C专家会诊1.that引导名词性从句时，在从句中无意义，不作成分，只起到连接作用，在宾语从句中可省略。He told me (that) he would leave soon.2.what与出at在名词性从句中的区别。Right:What he said was true.这是一个主语从句，what在从句中作动词said的宾词，意思是:“话”或“事”，此句中不能用that。That he came late made the teacher angry.这个句子还是主语从句。从句中意思完整，所以用that来引导，起到一个标志作用。考场思维训练1 I try to understand _ prevents them from being as happy as one might expect although they are so rich.A. that B. what C. it D. whether答案: B解析:what引导宾语从句。2 Although Mary is happy with her success she wonders _ will happen to her private life.A. that B. this C. it D. what答案: D解析:what引导宾语从句。3 The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and _ I could have the money without delay.A. what B. that C.不填 D. whether答案: B解析:what只起连结词作用，本身无义。1 I have found out _ they will ask to lead the vic- tory march on Saturday.A. when B. where C. whom D. what答案: C解析:whom引导一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中又作ask的宾语。5 It was not until dark he found he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.A. that; what B. that; that C. when; that D. when; that答案: A解析:这是一个带有宾语从句的加强调句型。主句是notuntil句型。命题角度 2 that引导的宾语从句，wh-引导的宾语从句以及某些特殊词后所跟的宾语从句1.(典型例题) As soon as he comes back, I will tell him when and see him.A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come考场错解 B专家把脉 本题是when引导的一个宾语从句，在名词性从句中，其从句部分一律用陈述语序，故应该用you will come。对症下药 A2.( 典型例题庆) The old ladys hand shook frequenfiy, She explained to her doctor _ this shaking had begun half a year before, and , only because of this,she had been forced to give up her job.A. when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why考场错解 B专家把脉 本题考查的是动词explain后引导的宾语从句的引导词选用。第一空用how较易，但第二空很多考生填when，其实在前一分句中已有时间状语，故此处用when明显不对，仍然用how引导，即“她是如何被迫放弃工和的”。对症下药 C3.(典型例题) The leaders of the battle ordered all of us the work on time.A. if;finished B. that;finish C. whether; finished D. what; finished考场错解 A或C专家把脉 许多考生认为A、C答案均讲得通，即“任务是否要以接时完成”，但本题由于受ordered这个词的限制，应该选B。其中finish为should finish的省略形式。对症下药 B4.(典型例题) Most of the university students are confident _ they can get a good job with higher pay.A. whether B. that C. where D. when考场错解 A或C专家把脉 部分考生由于不知confident的含义，因而给做本题造成麻烦，confident为“有信心的，信心十足的”，作表语时其后跟that引导的宾语从句。对症下药 B5.(典型例题都) We find _ necessary _ we practise English every day.A. it;/ B. it;that C. its;/ D. its;that考场错解 A或D专家把脉 许多考生认为necessary是一个形容词，故前面该用be动词。事实上当主语的谓动词为make， find，see等时，用it替换从句，此时it用作形式宾语。对症下药 B专家会诊1.出at引导的宾语从句出at常用来引导宾语从句，通常that可以省略。He has told me that he will go to Shanghaitomorrow他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,hat从句 常用“(should)+动词原形”的结构。2.wh-引导的宾语从句I want to know what he has told you我想知道他告诉了你什么。3.形容词后所跟的宾语从句某些动态形容词(afraid，confident，aware，certain，sure，doubtful等)在句中做表语时，后面可跟宾语从句。例句:I am confident that I can get the job我有信心我可以得到这份工作。考场思维训练1 We cant figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.A.that B. as C. why D. when答案: C解析:考查宾语从句，figureout意为“计算出”。动词和宾语从句之间明显要一个表示原因的关系副词why。2 A modem city has been set up in _ was a waste- land ten years ago.A. what B. which C. that D. where答案: A解析:what此时作介词set up in的宾词并在宾词从句中充当主语。3 Mr Smith suggested that all of the students _ their exercise books.A. handed in B. should hand in C. handing in D. that hand in答案: B解析:尽管动词suggest用了过去式，但suggest后若跟宾语从句，则从句部分应用shoulddo结构。4 After five hoursdrive, they reached _ they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of.A. that B. where C. which D. what答案: D解析:reach后缺少宾语，所以后面接的是宾语从句。在宾语从句中又缺少主语。5 It is certain little Tom can work out such a difficult problem.A. whether B. thatC. if D. when答案: B解析:某些特殊形容词，如sure，certain，doubtful等 后可用that来引导宾语从句。命题角度 3 that和wh-引导的主语从句及形式主语的几种主要句型1.(典型例题)After Yany Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A. where B. what C. that D. how考场错解 C或D专家把脉 本题考查主语从句。首先排除C，因为该主语从句缺成分，而that不充当任何成分的。where和 how只能充当状语成分，而本句缺少do的宾语，因此应选B.对症下药 B2.(典型例题) has been announced that we shall have our final exam next month.A. As B. It C. What D. That考场错解 A或C专家把脉 考生误以为是定语从句，把that后的内容部分当作一句话用作先行词。如果改成: has been announced，we shall have our. ，用As尚可。本句应该用It充当形式主语，真正的主语是that之后的内容。对症下药 B3.(典型例题) It is a shame _ we lost that expensive car.A. that B. when C. as D. if考场错解 B或D专家把脉 很多考生不知道It在本句中作形式主语。本句实际上是It iswas a+名词+that结构。对症下药 A4.(典型例题)_ seems to be a fact he didnt go to attend the meeting.A. That;that B. What;that C. It;which D. It;that考场错解 A或B专家把脉 考生易误以为用that放在句首，来引导主语从句，事实上本题是“It seemshappensappears that.”句型。h在句中充当形式主语。对症下药 D5.(典型例题)_ I have done is only for you.A. What B. Why C. Whatever D. Where考场错解专家把脉 许多考生认为此题用What引导主语从匀，事实上从句意角度分析会发现应该用Whatever，意为我做的任何事都是为了你”对症下药 C专家会诊(1)that引导的主语从句that引导的主语从句既可以放在句首也可以放在句末，在实际应用中常常采用it形式主语形式。That he passed the English test is true.It is true that he passed the English test.(2)形式主语的四个主要句型It + be + 名词 + that从句It is a pity that.可惜的是，用于此句型的名词还有factshamehonorquestion等。It + be + 形容词 + that从句It is certain that.很肯定，可用于此句型的形容词还有clearbetternaturalimportantneeessary.It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句It is said that.据说，可用于此句型的过去分词还有believedknownreported等。It + 不及物动词 + that从句如: It seems that.好像是似乎可用于此句型的不及物动词还有happen，appear等。考场思维训练1 _ there is life on another planet is almost impossible.A. How B. That C. why D. Whether答案: B解析:That引导主语从句。2 _ in the newspaper that the Japanese minister will arrive next week.A. It says B. It is said C. It has said D. He is said答案: B解析:构成hiswas十过去分词+that结构。3 _ is still a secret when the president will make a public speech.A. That B. He C. What D. It答案: D解析:It充当形式主语，when引导主语从句。4 _ China is a developing country is known to all.A. That B. WhenC. If D. Why答案: A解析:本题是一个主语从句.由于主语部分不缺成分，故用that来引导。5 _ the hidden gun was neededA. Where; discovering B. When; to findC. How much; finding D. How, to discover答案: A解析:Where引导的是主语从句，后空考查惯用法，need作“需要”讲时，后接动名词主动或被动结构。命题角度 4 由that、wh-疑问词引导的表语从句及从属连词引导的表语从句、同位语从句1.(典型例题) A stroy goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A. when B. where C. what D. that考场错解 C专家把脉 同位语从句考查。本题若从句紧跟在 story后面，就比较容易看出成分，而为避免句子头重脚轻，把story与它的同位语分隔开了；where，when，what不引导同位语从句，故最佳选项为D。类似的句子还有: Word came that the Mayor would come to visit our school。对症下药 D2.(典型例题京)Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?oh, thats _A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever feels me aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited考场错解 C或D专家把脉 B项本身表达有误。考生选C或D则没有完全弄清本题的含义。答语中表达的意思并不是“如何”感觉，也不是“何时”感觉到兴奋，而是说“那就是使我倍感兴奋的原因(兴奋之处)”。对症下药 A3.(典型例题) There is a feeling in me we will never know what a UFO is like.A. that B. which C. of which D. what考场错解) B专家把脉 考生认为用which来引导一个定语从句，事实上本题是一个同位语从句，中心词是feeling。若理解成定语从句，删去定语部分以后该句句意不通。对症下药 A4.(典型例题江) The question he asked was _ the electrical equipment should be stored.A. what B. which C. where D. because考场错解 D专家把脉 考生忽略了题目所给予的信息，本题空缺处之后部分成分齐全，根据句意，可以用表地点的 where来引导表语从句，句意为“他问电力设备应安置在那儿”。对症下药 C5.(典型例题) The question is we should ask them for help.A. that B. whether C. if D. why考场错解 C专家把脉 从句意角度不难看出应该填表示“是否，能否”这个含义的词，值得注意的是订不能引导表语从句，故选B。对症下药 B专家会诊1.that引导的表语从句基本结构:主语 + 系动词 + that从句例句:The fact is that we have lost the game.2.wh-疑问词引导的表语从句That is why I tell you the news.那就是我为什么告诉你这个消息的原因。3.从属连词as if,boecause,just as等引导的表语从句It is because I have ever heard of the story.那是因为我曾经听说过这个故事。4.同位语从句同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea， information，message，news，order，problem，promise， question，repuest，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。考场思维训练1 The reason she gave for not being present was _ the heavy snow prevented her coming.A. /; because B. why; becauseC. /; that D. why; whether答案: C解析:第一空所填人的词引导定语从句，由于作gave的宾词，可以省去。第二空用that引导表语从句。2 The possbility _ the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.A. which B. / C. that D. what答案: C解析:that引导同位语从句，中心问为possibility.3 He doesnt know is he was born.A. that/where B. that/what C. where/that D. what/where答案: A解析:that，where分别引导宾语从句，表语从句。4 What she wants to know is dress she should buy.A. that B. what C. which D. why答案: C解析:本题考查表语从句用法，从句意看，应该是表选择关系，即“想买哪件衣服”。5 He asked the question _ this material can stand high temperature.A. what B. why C. whether D. when答案: C解析:本题考查同位语从句，用whether引导，意为“这种材料能否耐高温”。探究开放题预测预测角度 1 名词性从句中，从句部分的语序要用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序1.(经典题)These photographs will show youA. what our village looks likeB. what does our village look likeC. how our village look likeD. how does our village look like解题思路 本题中空格部分明显作动词show的宾语，由于look like是及物动词短语，本句中缺少宾语，故应选用能充当宾语的what，排除C、D答案。在A、B答案中，由于what引导的从句作宾语，即是一个宾语从句，所以应该用陈述语序，B项显然是疑问语序。解答 A预测角度 2 that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别2.The news our team won the match was true.A. if B. that C. whether D. why解题思路 在本句中，that在从句中不作成分，删去后为The news was true，意思完整，因此是个同位语从句。判断是定语从句还是同位语从句，关键看出at从句部分有无意义，是否作句子成分。解答 B预测角度 3 Whether和if在名词性从句中的用法区别3. well go camping next week depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where解题思路 尽管whether和if都作“如果，是否”理解，但订不能引导主语从句，同位语从句和表语从句，而 whether却可以引导。解答 B考场思维训练1. Can you tell me _ ?A. who is that woman B. who the woman isC. whom is the woman D. that woman is答案: B解析:who引导宾语从句，应用陈述语序。2. Father made a promise _ I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary.A. that B. if C. whether D. that if答案: D解析:that引导同位语从句，同位语从句中还包含一个if引导的条件状语从句。3. There is some doubt _ she will be able to repay the money on time.A. that B. if C. what D. whether答案: D解析:doubt意为“怀疑”，其后的从句只能用whether而不能用if引导。若前面有否定词，则用that引导。考场思维调练考点高分解题综合训练I单项选择1 The teacher demanded that our examination paper handed in at once.A. be B. must be C. would be D. had to be答案: A解析:某些动词，如demand、suggest、order等后接 that从句时用should do结构，should可以省略。2 We all agree with him on _ he said.A. what B. that C. why D. how答案: A解析:置于介词后的宾语从句一般不用that引导。本句充当said的宾语，故用what。3 We must do well _ the party assigns us to do.A. that B. what C. which D. those答案: B解析:充当do的宾语，作句子成分，此时不能用that。4 I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it.A. whomever B. whoever C. whatever D. wherever答案: B解析:空缺处既作to的宾语，同时又作后一分句的主语，此时只能用whoever。若用whomever，则从句缺少主语。5 Im sorry _ your mother is iii.A. whom B. if C. that D. how答案: C解析:主语+be+形容词+that.结构。6 We think it important _ we should keep the balance of nature.A. whether B. what C. that D. which答案: B解析:that引导宾语从句后置，it为形式宾语。7 I hope _ happy while you are here.A. you to be B. for your beingC. you will be D. you being答案: C解析:希望某人做某事，不可用hope sb to do sth。hope后不接动名词结构，但可接宾语从句。8 We all know the news he told her.A. to which B. / C. what D. at that答案: B解析:定语从句。9 Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. that C. whether D. when答案: B解析:同位词从句，that不充当成分。10 Things were not _ they seemed to be.A. what B. because C. that D. where答案: A解析:what引导表语从句。11 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as ifitA. breaks B. has brokenC. were broken D. had been broken答案: C解析:在as if引导的表语从句中，谓动词有时，可用虚拟语气，如本题中“铅笔似乎断了”实际上未断。12 The reason I plan to go is _ if I dont.A. because she will be disappointedB. that she will be disappointedC. because she will be disappointedD. on account of she will have a disappointed答案: B解析:that引导表语从句13 the old mans sons wanted to know was _ the gold had been hidden.A. That; what B. What; where C. What; that D. What; if答案: B解析:What引导主语从句，Where引导表语从句。14 _ knows the truth will tell you about it.A. Who that B. WhoeverC. Whom that D. That who答案: B解析:Whoever引导主语从句。15 It worried her a bit _ her hair was tunrning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for答案: B解析:it是形式主语，that用来引导真正的主语，此时不可省略。16 is known to all that WTO stands for World Trade Organization.A. Which B. What C. As D. It答案: D解析:it充当形式主语。17 The fact she works hard is well known to us.A. that B. what C. why D. which答案: A解析:同位语从句。18 The mountain is no longer _ it used to be.A. which B. that C. as D. what答案: D解析:what引导表语从句，同时作句子成分，此时不能用that。19 We know little about the young lady except _ you told me.A. what B. that C. how D. /答案: A解析:what引导介词宾语从句，同时作told的宾语。20 _ proves that my advice is right.A. It will happen that B. That has happenedC. What has happened D. When it happened答案: C解析:what引导主语从句。21 I know nothing about her except _ she is from Canada.A. how B. when C. that D. why答案: C解析:that作介词宾语从句。22 What a pity_ is _you didnt arrive by daylight.A. there; because B. it; that C. he ;when D. that; for答案: B解析:it充当形式主语，此句结构可还原成:It is a pity that.23 _ we can? t get seems better than _ we have.A. What; what B. What; thatC. That; that D. That; what答案: A解析:前一个what引导主语从句，且作get的宾语，后一个what作have的宾语。24 Its not yet clear _ of those will be chosen to do the job.A. that B. whom C. which D. whose答案: C解析:Which表选择关系，引导主语从句，让为形式主语。25 It is probable _ he told her everything.A. who B. which C. why D. that答案:D解析:It iswas+形容词+that结构。26 _ you go or stay make any no differences.A. If B. When C. That D. Whether答案: D解析:引导主语从句时不能和If.27 It doesnt matter I rest or not.A. if B. whether C. that D. when答案: B解析:whether和or not连用，if则不可。28 _ is still a secret when the president will make a public speech.A. That B. He C. What D. It答案: D解析:it充当形式主语。29 It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. whether答案: B解析:that引导主语从句，it此时为形式主语。30 _ breaks the law should be punished.A. No matter who B. Whoever C. All D. Who答案: B解析:whoever引导主语从句，no matter who虽语 意相同，但不能引导主语从句。31 _ is to practise using English often.A. That you should do B. Which you should doC. What you should do D. Whatever you do答案: C解析:what引导主语从句。32 I believe youve done your best and_ things will be proved.A. that;/ B./;/ C. what;that D./;that答案: D解析:同一个动词后带两个that引导的宾语从句时，前一个that可省略，但后一个that要保留。33 The fire destroyed _ was in the building.A. all B. what C. that D. which答案: B解析:what引导宾语从句。34 She dresses well,but the trouble is _ the clothes she is wearing dont go with each other very well.A. even if B. whether C. that D. if答案: C解析:that引导表语从句。35 The suggestion _ students should learn some practical English is worth considering.A. if B. which C. / D. that