2020年湖南省株洲四中高三英语《12.动词的语态》复习教案

12.动词的语音语音有两种类型：主动语音和被动语音。主题是动作的发送者时活动的声音。主题是动作的接受者时被动语态。注：1)感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是没有to的不定式。如果是手动语音，则必须在不定式前添加to 。例如：the teacher made me go out of the class room .老师逼我走出教室。-I was made to go out of the classroom。we saw him play fooball on the playground。我们看见他在牧场上踢球。-he was seen to play fooball on the playground。2)情态动词过去分词构成被动语态。例如：cool can be used to produce electroicity for agriculture and industry。煤能生产工业和农业所需的电力。使用12.1 let1) let后只有一个单音节动词，被动语态时可以使用没有to的否定式。例如：They let the strange go。他们放走了陌生人。- The strange was let go。(2) let后镗孔较长时，let通常替换为allow或permit，而不是手动语音。例如：the nurslet me go to see my class mate in the hospital。那个护士让住院的同学去参观。-I was allowed/permitted to see my class mate in the hospital。12.2句法动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，后面的介词或副词不能扔掉。例如：my sis ter will be taken care of by grandma。我弟弟由奶奶照顾。such a thing has never been heard of before。我从没听说过这种事。12.3默认情况下包括believe、consider、declare、expect、feel、report、say、see、suppose、think和understand例如：It is said that .称为It is reported that .据报道It is believed that .大家都相信It is hoped that .我们都希望It is well known that .我知道It is thought that .大家都是It is suggested that .根据建议It is taken granted that .被认为是理所当然的It has been decided that .大家决定吧It must be remember that .一定要记住12.4没有手动语音(1)自动动词或自动动词短语，例如appear，die disappar，end (VI)。结束)、fail、happen、last、lie、remain、sit、spread、没有手动语音，如Stand、breakout、comtrue、fall asleep、keep silence、lose heart和take place。示例：after the fire，very little remained of my house。着火后，我家几乎没有着火。比较：rise、fall和happen是动词。Raise，seat是动词。(无效)The price has been risen。(右)The price has risen。(无效)The accident was happened last week。是的，最后一周。(无效)The price has raised。The price has been raised。Please seat。Please be seated。要正确使用被动语态，要注意哪些动词是事物，哪些动词是不可动词。特别是多维动词有两个用途。要解决这个问题，更多地关注学习过程中的积累。2) fit、have、hold、marry、own、wish、cost、notice、watch agree with、arrive at/in、shake hannotice例如：This key just fits the lock .这把钥匙只有这把锁。your story agrees with what had already been heard .你说的和我们听到的一致。3)系动词是appear、bebebebecome、fall、feel、get、grow、keep、look、remain、seem、smell、sound例如：It sounds good。看起来不错。4)具有同族宾语的和物动词不能用于die/death、dream/dream、live/life等，反身代词、相互代词、相互代词、被动语态。例如：She dreamed a bad dream last night .昨晚做了噩梦。5)对象为否定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如：She likes to swim。(错误)To swim is liked by her。12.5主动形式表示被动意义(1) wash、clean、cook、iron、look、cut、sell、read、wear、feel、draw、write、sell等。例如：The book sells well。这本书卖得好。This knife cuts easily。这把刀运转得很好。2)blame、let、remain、keep、rent、build等。例如：I was to blame for the accident。出了事故，我应受责备。Much work remains。还有很多工作要做。3)在need、require、want、worth(形容词)中，deserve后面的名词必须是积极的形式。The door needs repairing。=the door needs to be repaired。门需要修理。This book is worth reading。这本书值得读。(4)特殊结构：make sb。heard/understood(使别人能听到或理解自己)等。例如：explain it clearly and make your self undersodd。为了让别人理解你的话，请再解释清楚一点。12.6消极形式包括be determined、be pleased、be graduated (from)、be prepared (for)、be occupied (in)、Get married等。he is graduated from a famous university。他毕业于著名的大学。注：marry sb。或get married to sb。可以和结婚。例如：He married a rich girl。他娶了一个有钱的女人。He got married to a rich girl。12.7 need/want/require/worthNeed、want、require、be worth后接doing表示被动意义。例如：Your hair wants cutting。你的头发整理好了。The floor requires washing。地板需要洗。典型的例子The library needs _ _ _，but it ll h