2020年高考英语二轮复习 非谓语动词学案

课题名称二轮复习-非谓语动词学习目标：1 分类2 各自在句子中充当的成分重点和难点：1做状语、定语、补语的区分2非谓语动词时态和语态的正确选择参考资料： 创新教程217-219，233-235，248-2491非谓语动词在类别上大致可分为三类。【第一类】：“ing”类型，在语态上,“ing”分词表主动。在时态上，分为一般式和完成式。考点解析：非谓语动词“ing”类，考简单一点，可以直接考语态，也就是考察学生对事或物与动作之间主动或被动关系的理解。如1. In April, 2020;2020, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked解析：这道题主要考察了非谓语动词中的语态问题。显然President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao与mark应该是主动关系，所以这里用marking the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.在句中作结果状语。所以选A。当然，也可以将时态的考察放进去。例如，04年江苏卷2.The old man, abroad for twenty years , is on the way back to his motherland.A. to work B. working C. to have work D .having worked解析：此句用现在分词作后置定语，注意for twenty years，所以应该用分词的完成式。故选D。【注意】：分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只能作状语。但是非限制性后置定语则可用分词的完成式。【归纳总结】：一看语态，二看时态，三注意语法上的限制。【第二类】：“ed”类型，在语态上表被动。在时态上，一般只有一般式。考点解析：“ed”类型在语态上的考察与“ing”类是一样的，主要考查学生对主动，被动的辨别力，但有所不同的是在时态上，“ed”类型的非谓语动词在作状语时一般不强调时间的先后，只说明原因条件等，但这不是绝对的，有时题目中会有明显的时间点，我们就要考虑时态的变化。例如，09年北京卷第34题3. _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten解析：此题中，postman与bite应该是被动关系，其次考虑时态，显然这里是作状语表原因，并且也没有很明确的时间点，所以用bitten就可以了。所以选B。但也不是绝对的，例如我们可以说Having been told several times, he couldnt understand what I meant. 也可以说Told several times ,he couldnt understand what I meant.一般题目不会同时出现这两个选项，如果出现，就要观察句意是否着重强调时间的先后。例如，Being used by me now, the bike cant be lent to you.这句中就着重强调了所处的时间段“now”，所以the bike cant be lent to you！【归纳总结】：一看语态，二看时态，仔细斟酌。【第三类】：“inf”类型，不定式的考察主要聚焦在它在句中所作的成分以及所对应时态的理解。时态上，不定时有一般式（与谓语动词几乎同时发生），完成式（先于谓语动词之前发生），和进行式（在谓语动词发生时正在进行）。如，4. _ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completedD. To complete解析：此题考察了不定式在句中作目的状语，由题意可知complete应在work之后，所以只需用一般式就可以了。所以选D.5 5 I can hardly imagine Peter _across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A sail B. to sail C. to be sailing D. to have sailed解析：很显然，sail 应该在imagine之前就发生了，所以选D.同时在动词不定式的考察中还会涉及到一些小的语法知识点，现归纳如下1.“only+动词不定式”常表示未预料到的结果，令人失望的结果。2.动词接不定式或ing形式意义不同，例如forget to do 和forget doing，regret to do 和regret doing 等等。3.分词作状语时，注意动词不定式的逻辑主语与主句中的主语是否一致4. 注意动词不定式在句中的成分，一般动词不定式可以作主语、定语、状语、宾语和宾语补足语等等，理解其成分有助于解题。5 .have letmake 使役动词，notice、observe, see, observe等后接sb+do.【归纳总结】：把握题意，关注时态，注意语法细节。非谓语动词除了时态，语态上要注意，它们各自在句中的成分分析也不容忽视，这往往也是解题的关键。一、【对动词不定式和动名词作宾语时的考察】(07安徽)6.Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _his advice!A. to take B .taking C .not to take D. not taking解析：regret doing 意为后悔做过某事，显然这里成立,taking his advice在句中作regret 的宾语，not直接加在前面就可以了。二、【对非谓语动词作定语的考察】(07湖南)7.Things _never come again! I couldnt help talking to myself!A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost解析：对句意的分析可知，此处应用lost作后置定语来修饰things.所以选A.三、【对动词不定式和分词作状语的考察】(09江西)8. _ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars.A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given解析：本题考查了不定式作原因状语。Give 与 soccer players应是被动关系，所以选D.四、【对动词不定式和分词作补足语的考察】（07全国）9.I smell something _in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt解析：本题考察分词作宾语补足语。宾语something与补足语burn应是主动关系，所以选A.【注意】：谓语动词hope, agree等不能接动词不定式作宾语补足语。经典高考题1. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost2. The patient was warned _oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating3. The Olympic Games, _ in 776B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4. I would love _to the party last night but I have to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay6. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading7. Robert is said _abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make9. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects10. _late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep11. Tony was very unhappy for _to the party.A. having not been invited B. not having invitedC. having not invited D. not having been invited12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out13. I really appreciate _to relax with you on this nice island.A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time14. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _everything.A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told15. _to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed16. -How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _the problem is to meet the demand _by the customers.A. to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made17. The research is so designed that once _nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun18. Generally speaking, _according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.（副作用）A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken19. The teacher asked us _so much noise.A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked21. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _as the plane was making a landing.A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating22. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents_.A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry23. _the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completedD. Having not completed24. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _the exam.A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing25. The flowers _sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt26. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss.A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned27. He looked around and caught a man _his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting28. This company was the first _portable radios as well as cassette tapes recorders in the world.A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced29. _with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing30. The storm left, _a lot of damage to this area.A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused31（09安徽）The play_ next month aims mainly to reflect the _ local cultureAproduced Bbeing produced Cto be produced Dhaving been produced32(09北京) For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm.A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow33（09福建） _not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded34（09海南）Now that were discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions _? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take35（09湖南） Every evening after dinner, if not _ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A. be