2020高考英语 分项突破训练阅读理解精析精练04 社会文化类

2020;2020高考英语分项突破训练阅读理解精析精练社会文化类【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案Giving bad news is a difficult ball game. To help you get through an already difficult situation, try these tips when you have to tell someone bad news.Think about your audience. People respond differently to bad news. Think about who youre talking to and how best to pass on unpleasant information to that person.Consider the news. Are you the best person to give this news? If not, then you should consider letting others do it. Remember, however, that if youre talking to someone about your relationship, there is no other choice. It is something you yourself have to face.Look for an appropriate moment to break the news. You cant tell the bride her grandfather died right before she walks down the passage. Wait until the time is right and you are at a private place where you wont be interrupted.Find a chair. No one should be standing when receiving bad news.Go straightforward. Give bad news the same way you take off a bandage: QUICKLY. Say that you have bad news and then tell it. Dont leave the receiver twisting in the wind.Let it sink in. Many people mentally shut down when hearing bad news. Theres no reason to keep talking if someone cant hear you any more.Be ready for anything. Your audience may do nothing or may instead scream and throw things when you give unwelcome news. You just never know. If things get out of hand, you may need to temporarily excuse yourself or seek the help of friends or relatives.Offer your help. Let people know you are there for them. If youre breaking up with someone, however, you should consider skipping this step, because the last thing shell want is your help.（1） The proper way to express your dissatisfaction with your best friend is to .A. think about his reaction and avoid letting him know itB. consider you are the best person to tell the truthC. try to find someone else to pass on your dissatisfactionD. go to your friend and let him know your dissatisfaction（2）What is the best way for you to break the bad news to a bride?A. To let her stand up. B. To wait for a right time.C. To release it quickly. D. To shut down her mind.（3） If your friend loses control of himself after hearing the bad news, youd better_.A. stay there and do nothing B. scream and throw thingsC. quit and ask others for help D. stay there and keep talking（4）What does the underlined sentence really mean?A. She hates accepting any of your help B. She will need your help later onC. You should have helped her earlier D. She will refuse any offered helpI find some of the ways in which Chinese parents show love for their children rather surprising. Obviously there are some pretty big differences between our behaviors and theirs in this respect. Most Chinese children seem to get whatever they want, from ice creams, sweets and toys to endless attention from the adults around them. Is this a sort of spoiling or love? I wonder.Most westerners would think it is a sort of spoiling rather than love. We think love means educating your children and bringing them up to lead an independent life. That includes learning to accept the fact that he cant get everything he wants. As an adult, he will not always get the quite expensive car he hunts for; she will not always manage to acquire the beautiful dress she longs for. So we try to teach our children early to cope with the disappointment of not getting what they want.I find too much such kind of love for the children can actually spoil them. To my surprise, it seems that the life of a Chinese child is rather hard. Without doubt, the child is the very center of a whole circle of adults, but on the other hand he or she is also expected to start studying according to adults wishes. Many children of my sons age take piano lessons, painting classes and even English lessons. It looks as if Chinese adults think that just playing without learning anything is a waste of time. So in this respect our children appear spoiled, just because they are allowed to play. But without this sort of play how can western children develop such free and rich imaginations? In fact the connection between this imagination and the creativity is so important in the childrens future life.（1）In which way do most Chinese children seem to be spoiled?A. They can be supported by their parents.B. They can play whenever they want.C. They need not behave themselves.D. Their demands can always be satisfied.（2）In the authors opinion, the life of a Chinese child is .A. rather hard B. rather easy C. independent D. colorful（3）The author thinks Western children appear spoiled because .A. they can manage time by themselvesB. they can have the freedom to playC. they can take piano lessonsD. they may have expensive toys（4）The best title of the passage could be .A. Chinese childrens early educationB. How to develop kids imaginationC. What is the real love for childrenD. The imagination and creativity【文章大意】作者对中国的儿童在家中受到的是溺爱还是关爱表示疑惑。并陈述了自己对教育孩子的看法。（1）D 推理判断题。从文章第一段的倒数第三句和第二段的第一句可知，大多西方人认为满足孩子的一切要求是一种溺爱。（2）A 事实细节题。由第三段提到的it seems that the life of a Chinese child is rather hard及下文对中国孩子生活的描述可知，中国孩子的生活是很累的。（3）B 事实细节题。根据文中第三段的So in this respect our children appear spoiled，just because they are allowed to play可知，西方的孩子有很多自由时间来玩，看起来这是溺爱的表现，故B项正确。（4）C 主旨大意题。通读文章可知，文章主要通过对比中西方对孩子的不同的教育方式来说明什么是对孩子的真正的爱。The Friday after the American holiday of Thanksgiving is called Black Friday. Its said that its the day that store ledgers(分类账)move into the black and companies become profitable.On that day, retailers slash prices to get consumers to buy. It is also a time when many Americans start their Christmas shopping. VOAs Elizabeth Lee tells us how the economy may affect consumers on that bargain day.“Its just the deals, the sales and everything you can get for a lesser price,” said Sandy Thomas, a shopper. But its a nightmare for others. “I think its crazy. Ive done all of my shopping throughout the week so I dont have to go out on Friday,” she said. Its called Black Friday, the start of the traditional Christmas shopping season in the United States. Every year its the day after the Thanksgiving holiday. Stores open before sunrise and there are deep discounts everywhere you look.While the day leading up to Christmas is known as the season of giving, Black Friday can get ugly.Last year a crowd of bargain-hunters killed a Wal-Mart worker in a New York suburb. This year, many stores are increasing security while they slash prices. “This is a huge time for the retail stores,” said Fred Joutz from George Washington University. “This is when they begin making their profits for the year.”Economics professor Fred Joutz says how Americans spend the weekend after Thanksgiving is a good indication of how consumers feel about the future.With the unemployment rate above 10 percent, Joutz says Americans are saving more and spending less. “Credit is still strictly controlled whether through credit cards or through borrowing from banks,” he said. Some retailers are attracting consumers by opening on Thanksgiving Day, when shops are traditionally closed. Other stores open their doors anywhere from midnight to four in the morning.And shoppers will be lining up in front of the doors in order to be one of the first ones to walk through and get a big discount. Electronics like flat screen TVs are usually the first items to go. Sandy Thomas says its an annual family tradition and well worth it. “I just save maybe half of what I would have spent on a regular, you know, shopping trip,” she said.Economists say U.S. consumers will spend money this Black Friday, but they will spend it more carefully.（1）The underlined word “slash” in the first paragraph probably means _.A. reduce B. raise C. increase D. change（2）The sentence “This day should be a shoppers dream.” should be placed between _.A. paragraph two and paragraph three B. paragraph one and paragraph twoC. paragraph three and paragraph four D. paragraph five and paragraph six（3）Why are many stores increasing security according to the passage?A. Because there are too many people saving more and spending less.B. Because its a time when they begin making their profits for the year.C. Because last year a crowd of bargain-hunters caused an accident.D. Because many stores open their doors from midnight to four a.m.（4）What can we learn from the passage?A. Christmas shopping is a non-traditional time and this year it is no exception.B. Electronics like flat screen TVs are usually least discounted.C. The economy only affects consumers on that bargain day.D. Thanksgiving is a good indication of how consumers feel about the future.【文章大意】 感恩节过后的周五在美国通常被称为“Black Friday”，意思是“盈利的周五”，这一天商家为了吸引顾客会将商品打折出售，而买家也会抓住这个时机开始他们的圣诞购物。（1）A 考查词义猜测。根据本段最后一句中的bargain day和第二段中的a lesser price，deep discounts可知，商家常用降价来吸引消费者。故A项和画线词语意思最接近。（2）B 考查文章的结构。根据文章中第一段中的最后一句可知下面内容要阐述这一天对消费者的影响，再结合第二段中的“Butits a nightmarefor others”可知“This day should be ashoppers dream，”应该放在第一和第二段之间，起着承上启下的作用。（3）C考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的“Last year a crowd of bargain-hunters killed a Wal-Mart worker in a New York suburb可知商场增加安全措施是因为去年发生的这起事故。（4）B 考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段中的前两句话可知平板电视类的电子商品在平时打的折扣最少，因此这个时候抢购这类商品的人才最多。Traffic jam and cities, it seems, go hand in hand. Everyone complains about being stuck in traffic; but, like the weather, no one seems to do anything about it. In particular, traffic engineers, transportation planners, and public officials responsible for transportation systems in large cities are frequently criticized for failing to solve traffic jam.But is traffic jam a sign of failure? Long queues at restaurants or theater box offices are seen as signs of success. Should transportation systems be viewed any differently? I think we should recognize that traffic jam is an unpreventable by-product of successful cities, and view the “traffic problem” in a different light.Cities exist because they promote social interactions and economic transactions.Traffic jam occurs where there are lots of people but limited spaces. Culturally and economically successful cities have the worst traffic problems, while decaying cities dont have much traffic. New York and Los Angeles are Americas most crowded cities. But if you want access to major brokerage houses (经纪行), you will find them easier to reach in crowded New York than in any other large cities. And if your firm needs access to post-production film editors or satellite-guidance engineers, you will reach them more quickly through the crowded freeways of LA than through less crowded roads elsewhere.Despite traffic jam, a larger number and wider variety of social interactions and economic transactions can be made perfect in large, crowded cities than elsewhere. Seen in this light, traffic jam is an unfortunate consequence of prosperity, not a cause of economic decline and urban decay.So while we can consider traffic jam as increasing costs on the areas of big cities, the costs of inaccessibility (交通不便) in uncrowded places are almost certainly greater.There is no doubt that traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places like Bangkok, Jakarta, and Lagos. But mobility is far higher and traffic jam levels are far lower here in the US, even in our most crowded cities. Thats why, for now, we dont see people and capital streaming out of San Francisco and Chicago, heading for cities like California, and Illinois.（1） We can conclude from the first paragraph that_.A. traffic jam and weather are the two factors preventing the development of the big cityB. traffic jam seems to be very difficult to deal withC. if traffic engineers try their best, traffic jam can be solvedD. public officials are always criticized for misusing their power（2）According to the passage, whats the authors opinion towards traffic jam？A. In cities, traffic jam is unavoidable.B. Traffic jam is both a sign of failure and a sign of success.C. Traffic jam is the consequence of successful cities.D. For a successful city, traffic jam is not unpreventable.（3）By saying “decaying” (in Para. 4), the writer probably means_.A. declining B. developing C. rich and successful D. strong and healthy（4）According to this article, which statement about “New York” and “Los Angeles” is true?A. The traffic jam in the two cities has been worsened.B. New York and Los Angeles are the least successful cities in the US.C. It is easier to reach major brokerage houses in the two cities than in other cities.D. Despite the traffic jam in LA, youll find a satellite-guidance engineer more quickly there.（5） What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Traffic jam has caused terrible bad effects in cities such as Bangkok and Lagos.B. The traffic jam in San Francisco has resulted in the capital becoming empty.C. The traffic jam level in Jakarta is lower than that in the US.D. California is as crowded and successful as San Francisco.（1）B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容可知。，虽然每个人都在抱怨交通堵塞，但是就像对待天气一样，人们似乎并不能对此做些什么，因此选项B正确。（2）C 推理判断题。根据第二段第四句可知，作者在此明确提出了自己的观点，即交通拥堵是成功城市所不可避免的副产品。选项C中的consequence表示“结果”，与文中的byproduct意义相近。（3）A 词义理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，句中用while引起前后对比。前半句指出在经济和文化上都很successful的城市拥堵情况最严重，所以decaying应该是与successful意义相反的词。选项declining表示”衰落的”，与题意相符。故A项正确。（4）D 由文章第四段内容可知，如果你想找到一位卫星导航工程师，你会发现即便是通过洛杉矶拥挤的高速公路也要比通过其他地方不拥挤的公路快得多。因此选项D正确。（5）A 细节理解题。交通拥堵给曼谷、雅加达以及拉各斯带来的严重的经济和环境危害是不能否认的。因此选项A正确。When I say “work is rest”, some people will say Im crazy. But thats the way it iswe need to rest. Without rest, we will die. At a minimum, we wont have the energy to work.Nobody forces us to be so stupid about this. We just dont know how to rest properly. We rest in ways that are not restful, even stressful. Some of our ways of rest interfere (妨碍) with our working energy. Instead of sleep, we go to the movies and clubs, drink or have a smoke with friends. This is because we misunderstand the meaning of “rest.”We should remember that rest means not working, both physically and mentally. Only then is it real rest. When tired, rest. Its simple. Actually, dogs and cats are smarter about this than people. People are stupid enough to rest in ways that destroy their capacity (能力) to work.Rest and work always go together. There must be a balance: work during the day and rest at night. When the sun comes up, one has plenty of strength to work well and enjoy it. In other words, rest is a kind of investment, so that one has the strength and energy to continue working. So we need rest to work, recognizing that we cant have one without the other. Rest is what recharges our batteries. We need enough time to charge up adequately to the tasks we undertake. Thus, we need to rest correctly; otherwise, illness will occur and also can affect the efficiency of our work.Rest cant be skimped. Without enough rest, good work is impossible. This is why we say that rest is another kind of work.（1）Which of the following is the best rest according to this passage?A. Going to the movies and clubs.B. Drinking or having a smoke with friends.C. Sleeping at home.D. Playing cards with family members.（2）The underlined word “skimped” in the last paragraph most probably means _.A. not supplied with enough of what is neededB. strengthened in spite of the conditionsC. recharged during the time of workingD. invested without any of the cost（3） We can know from this passage that _.A. dogs and cats are smarter than human beingsB. rest can make us work more efficientlyC. its not proper to sleep in the daytime for people.D. rest is more important than work for people（4）Which of the following is the main idea of this passage?A. Rest is another kind of work.B. How to form the habit of sleeping.C. Sufficient rest leads to success.D. Why people need to rest.This October, the Internet celebrated its 40th birthday. In the past 40 years, this great invention has changed our lives in many ways, including our shopping habits. * A big attractionNot long ago, I became an online shopper. I had heard about online shopping before, but I had no intention of following the trend. It was not until my mom bought some cosmetics via the Internet and both mom and I tried them and were satisfied with the purchase that I finally decided to register for Taobao, Chinas leading e commerce website. Soon, I found cyberspace to be a shopping paradise, There are a lot of cheap daily necessities such as clothes, books, stationery, etc. Lots of choices, lower prices and great convenience make shopping online a big attraction.* A new platformGenerally speaking, Im satisfied with goods Ive bought online, but it doesnt mean that I can fully trust e shopping. On many BBS forums, online shoppers bitterly condemn a few e shops for selling low quality goods and cheating them of their money. Since no one likes being cheated, some people have turned to a new platform for e shopping. They have started to buy and sell goods via social networking websites for example, two of my classmates have recently set up an e store on Renren to sell colored contact lenses (镜片). There is little risk of being cheated, since the sellers are the people we know well.* A good suggestionAlthough there are many advantages of doing business via social networking websites, I think its improper for high school students to do business with schoolmates.First, doing business means shouldering huge responsibilities, and were not mature enough to have them. Second