优化方案（浙江、江苏）2020高考英语二轮复习 题型重组第二十一组

第二十一组(建议用时：45分钟).阅读理解More and more people take part in marathons these daysover 30，000 people will run the London Marathon this weekend, for instance.But its not just the 26 miles and 385 yards that could be a daunting prospect.“I have to admit to being completely frustrated by the blocking and for 1819 miles was just keeping away from people and being held up，” one participant grumbled after the 2020 London Marathon.“I had to overtake a lot of people and ended up with bruised(淤肿的) forearms from all the elbows，” said another.How do such crowding problems arise, and could they be reduced? Some researchers believe that we can find the answers through a more familiar system in which jams appearroad traffic flow.Martin Treiber, of the Technical University of Dresden in Germany, has previously developed models for traffic flow.One of the first attempts to model traffic flow was made in the 1950s by James Lighthill and his collaborator Gerard Whitham of Manchester University.They considered the traffic as a kind of liquid flowing down a pipe, and looked at how the flow changes as the fluid gets denser(浓稠)At first the flow rate increases as the density increases, since you simply get more stuff through in the same period of time.But if the density becomes too high，theres a risk of jams, and the flow rate drops sharply.Treibers model of a marathon uses this same principle that the flow rate first increases and then decreases as the density of runners increases, thanks to an sudden switch from free to crowded flow. He assumes that there is a range of different preferred speeds for different runners, which each maintains throughout the race.With just these factors, Treiber can calculate the flow rate of runners, knowing the “carrying capacity”(承载能力) at each point on the route.This allows Treiber to figure out how blocking might depend on the race conditionsfor example, for different starting procedures.Some marathons start by letting all the runners set off at once (which means those at the back have to wait until those in front have moved forward)Others assign runners to various groups according to ability, and let them start in a series of waves.Treiber has applied the model to the annual Rennsteig halfmarathon in central Germany，which attracts around 6，000 participants.The traditional route had to be changed in 2020，because the police were no longer willing to close a road to ensure that runners could cross safely.It could pass either over a 60m wooden bridge or through a tunnel.Treiber used his model to predict the likely blocking caused in the various options.The model predicted that a mass start would risk an overload of runners if the bridge were to be used.Only by moving the starting point further back from the bridge could the danger be avoidedand even then, if some of the numbers assumed in the model were only slightly inaccurate, there was still a risk of jams at the bridge.On the other hand, no dangerous blocking seemed likely for the tunnel route.The run organizers consulted Treibers team, and eventually chose this option.1What is the worst thing while running a marathon?AThe long distance.BToo many participants.CThe dangerous blocking.DSerious injuries in forearms.2Which of the following statements is TRUE?AJames Lighthill is the first expert trying to model traffic flow.BThe denser the flow is, the faster the flow rate becomes.CThe flow rate increases in the beginning because fewer people passed together.DThe flow rate increases first and then decreases later when the flow is too denser.3What is NOT true about the Rennsteig?AIt has much less participants than the London Marathon in 2020.BIt has a shorter distance than the London Marathon.CThe route was changed because the traditional one is not safe any longer.DThe participants running this marathon will pass a tunnel because this choice is safer.4Whats the main idea of the passage?AMake a comparison between marathon and road traffic.BRunning a marathon is somewhat dangerous if it is not well organized.CIntroduce a new technology to solve the blocking problem in marathon.DSome advice for people who are to run a marathon.任务型阅读AGet started!BForget your failures.CFind and use your positive voice.DThink about how far you have come.ESpend time with people who inspire you.FAccept failure as a positive learning experience.Realizing your dreams is not a matter of possibility; its a matter of motivating yourself to focus on the right things.You know you should be doing something, but sometimes you just dont feel like doing anything.This discouraging situation can last a long time if you dont head it off and take action.Here are some daily motivation tricks that might work for you.1_This is by far the most important tip in this article, because in the end, all of the other tips in the world wont make as much of a difference as this simple and timeless instruction：Sit down and get a move on! Do you feel the pushback of laziness? Reading more about motivation wont help. Reviewing your todo lists wont help. Only doing actually helps get everything going. So stop thinking about how hard the task is going to be or how long its going to take you.Not starting is failing.Tell yourself, “As soon as I get going, Ill feel more motivated.” And youll realize its not nearly as hard as you thought it would be.2_Be aware of your selftalk and stay confident.You have the choice to replace negative selftalk with a more encouraging and friendly voice.A voice that will consider your aim as not just a possibility, but a probability; A voice that does not look at the possibility of success before taking action, but rather uses selfbelief as its driving force; A voice that all things are possible to those who commit to their dream.Tell yourself over and over again that you can do it. See what effect it has. Persist with this kind of possibility and eventually youll feel better about whatever it is you want to get done, and youll even start to fool yourself into believing its true.3_There is no better way to recharge yourself for improvement than spending time with someone who motivates you.They are smart and can always encourage you to be better.Study their qualities.Study their habits.Surround yourself with them, talk to them, learn from them; they are already living and producing results at a level you admire and expect to.Compare stories, successes and failures.Let their inner light guide you.4_You have made so much progress, you just dont realize it.Open your eyes and give yourself credit for all that you have done.Think about it.Write down your past successes.Consider using a journal to keep track of them.Youll probably be pleasantly surprised when you review your results.Its a great motivator to see how much you have improved and how far you have come.Be happy with your progress and move on.5_Do not judge unsuccessful attempts and mistakes as an indication of your future potential, but as part of the growth process.Something does not have to end well for it to have been one of the most valuable experiences of a lifetime.When times get tough, take a deep breath, and know that most great things come when you least expect it.Being defeated is a temporary condition; giving up is what makes it permanent.And most people that gave up didnt realize how close they were to success.Push through!.书面表达假定你是李华，将于2020年7月从新华外语学校毕业。你从报纸上得知某公司正招聘一名英文秘书，你很感兴趣，请给该公司负责人写一封求职信，信的内容包括以下几个方面：1.年龄；2.学习情况及英语水平；3.兴趣和特长；4.性格特点。注意：1.信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.词数100120。Dear Sir/Madam，I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary._Im looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely，Li Hua.阅读理解1解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“I have to admit to being completely frustrated by the blocking and for 1819 miles was just keeping away from people and being held up”以及下文内容可知，马拉松跑步比赛中最糟糕的事是遇到有危险的阻碍。故C项正确。2解析：选D。正误判断题。根据第二段最后两句“At first the flow rate increases as the density increases，since you simply get more stuff through in the same period of time.But if the density becomes too high，theres a risk of jams，and the flow rate drops sharply.”可知，开始时，流动速度加快，随后当水流变稠时流动速度减慢。故D项正确。3.解析：选C。正误判断题。根据最后一段第二句“The traditional route had to be changed in 2020，because the police were no longer willing to close a road to ensure that runners could cross safely.”可知，改变传统道路的原因是交警不再愿意关闭道路以保证长跑者安全通过，故C项与原文不符。故选C项。4解析：选C。主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句“Treiber has applied the model to the annual Rennsteig halfmarathon in central Germany，which attracts around 6,000 partic