American music.ppt

AmeicanMusic,Musicismorethanjustsound-itisawayofthinking!Whenwelistentomusic,singanddance,orplayaninstrument,wearealsobecomingbetterthinkers.Musicintelligenceisoneofoureighthumanintelligences.Wecanlearnlanguagefromsongsandchants咏唱.Somepeoplestudybetterwithmusicon!,Music,MusicoftheUnitedStates,ThemusicoftheUnitedStatesreflectsthecountrysmulti-ethnicpopulationthroughadiversearrayrei一系列ofstyles.Rockandroll摇滚乐,blues,country,rhythmrim韵律andjazz节奏爵士,pop流行音乐,andhiphopareamongthecountrysmostinternationally-renownedgenres.TheUnitedStateshastheworldslargestmusicindustryanditsmusicisheardaroundtheworld.Sincethebeginningofthe20thcentury,someformsofAmericanpopularmusichavegainedanearglobalaudience.,StylesofAmericanMusicJazzR&BRockHiphop/rapPopCountrymusic,JAZZ-爵士樂,Part1Jazz,Jazzisastyleofmusicthatoriginatedatthebeginningofthe20thcenturyinAfricanAmericancommunitiesintheSouthernUnitedStatesfromaconfluenceknflu:ns汇集ofAfricanandEuropeanmusictraditions.,Fromitsearlydevelopmentuntilthepresent,jazzhasincorporatedmusicfrom19thand20thcenturyAmericanpopularmusic.,Origins,Africanmusicwaslargelyfunctionalforworkorritual,andincludedworksongsandfieldhollers叫喊.TheAfricantraditionmadeuseofasingle-linemelody曲调andcall-and-responsepattern,butwithouttheEuropeanconceptofharmony.RhythmsreflectedAfricanspeechpatterns,andtheAfricanuseofpentatonic,penttnik五音的scalesledtobluenotesinbluesandjazz.,ElementsofJazz,Jazzisveryhardtodescribebecausetherearenowmanydifferentstylesofjazz.CommoninstrumentsusedinJazzmusicaretrumpet小号,piano,andsaxophoneImprovisationm,prvzen即兴创作isakeyelement.Scat-singing拟声唱法isalsocommon.,Jazz,BACK,Thoughoriginallyakindofdancemusic,jazzhasbeenamajorpartofpopularmusic,andhasalsobecomeamajorelementofWesternclassicalmusic.JazzhasrootsinWestAfricanculturalandmusicalexpression,andinAfricanAmericanmusictraditionsincludingbluesandragtime切分乐曲,aswellasEuropeanmilitarybandmusic.,Part2Rock&roll,Rock&rollmusicisakindoftype,originatedinthe1940sand1950sendofearlyAmericanpop,quicklybecamepopularintheworld.Rockwithitsflexibleboldexpressionandpassionmusicrhythmexpressionofemotion,iswidelyacceptedbytheyoungpeoplearoundtheworld.,Rockandrolldevelopedoutofcountry,blues,andR&B.Rocksexactoriginsandearlyinfluenceshavebeenhotlydebated,andarethesubjectsofmuchscholarship.Thoughsquarelyinthebluestradition,rocktookelementsfromAfro-CaribbeanandLatinmusicaltechniques.Rockwasanurbanstyle,formedintheareaswherediversepopulationsresultedinthemixturesofAfricanAmerican,LatinandEuropeangenresrangingfromthebluesandcountrytopolka波尔卡舞曲andzydeco柴迪科舞曲.Rockandrollfirstenteredpopularmusicthroughastylecalledrockabilly山区乡村摇滚乐(起源于美国东南部),whichfused融合thenascent初期的soundwithelementsofcountrymusic.Black-performedrockandrollhadpreviouslyhadlimitedmainstreamsuccess,butitwasthewhiteperformerElvisPresleywhofirstappealedtomainstreamaudienceswithablackstyleofmusic,becomingoneofthebest-sellingmusiciansinhistory,andbroughtrockandrolltoaudiencesacrosstheworld.,EventhoughRockmusickeepschangingthroughtheyears,thedrumsandelectricguitararealwaysthere.MostRockfansarewhitepeople,ElvisAronPresley：LoveMeTenderHeartbreakHotel,猫王,BillHaley,BillHaleywascalledthefatherofrock,founderoftherock.,BillHaley被称之为摇滚乐之父，也是摇滚乐的创始人。,heavymetal重金属coryphaeus,krifis主唱者guitar吉他drum-set架子鼓keyboard键盘bass贝斯,Crazy疯狂,Passion激情,Part3Countrymusic,Countrymusicisakindofcontemporarypopmusic,originatedinthesouthernUnitedStatesandAppalachiamountains.Countrymusicisrootedinthe1920sfromthetraditionalfolkmusic,integratedwithGospelmusic福音音乐,Celticmusicandclassicalmusic.Themelodyofcountrymusicisgenerallyverysmooth,beautifulandthephrasingstructurealsoissimple.,HistoryofCountryMusicInthe1950s,Americanmusicwasaboutotherthings,forexample,loveandmoney.Inthe1960s,songswereoftenfullofanger,andsomeofthemmadefunofthepoliticalleaders.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.SongwritersarenolongerwritingaboutthemodernvaluesoftheUSAmoney,successorexpensivethingstobuy.Insteadtheyarewritingoncemoreaboutthingsthatarecommonforeveryone.mostpopularintheUScountrysideandsomewhatpopularinthecitiesbutnotverypopularoutsidetheUS.Commonthemes:lifeinruralAmerica,love,crime,andprisonlife.,CountryMusicInstruments,Commoninstrumentsusedincountrymusicincludethefiddle(violin),banjobnd班卓琴/五弦琴,andslide-guitar滑棒吉他.,Todaycountrymusichasbecomeabigbusiness.Itbringsinalotofmoney.Now,ithasreachedallpartsoftheStates,fromLosAngelesinthewesttoNewYorkintheeast.Itremainsmuchthesameasbefore.Onesubjectis“thegoodolddays”.In“thegoodolddays”peoplethoughtwellofeachother.Peoplelovedlifeintheopenair.Theybelievedthatthebestthingsinlifewerefree:sunshine,laughing,walksinthebeautyofthecountry,friendsandmusic.,JimmieRodgers,Countrymusicsfather,JimmieRodgers对美国乡村音乐的影响是巨大的，尽管他的演艺生涯大部分是在美国经济最不景气的时期度过，而他的演出又常集中在最贫穷的地区，但当我们在他的纪念专辑封套上读到：“在他的全盛期，手头并不宽裕的村民踏进商店，买了一些生活必须品之后，全都会再要一张他的最新唱片”时，我们不会不为之感动他是“村里会唱歌的小伙子”，也是老百姓心中的英雄,JimmieRodgerstoAmericancountrymusicsinfluenceishuge,althoughmostofhiscareerintheU.S.economyistheweakest,andhespenttimeandoftenfocusontheperformanceofthepoorestregions,butwhenweareinhisalbumcoversread:“inhisheyday全盛期,notbounteousbanti:s,慷慨的villagerssteppedintothegrocerystoreandboughtsomenecessities.Allwillhaveanotherofhislatestalbum,”.Heis“thevillagesingguy,butalsopeoplehero.,Accordion手风琴,Autoharp竖琴,Harmonica口琴,Piano钢琴,Drums鼓,Fiddle小提琴,Americancountrymusicindifferenttimes,1)feelingaloneinthemodernworld,2)thevalueofhavinggoodfriends,love-gettingorlosingaboyfriendorgirlfriend,2)moneywasalsothoughttobeimportant,1)wereoftenfullofanger,2)oftenmadefunofpoliticalleaders,1.bigbusiness,2.bringsinalotofmoney,Nashville纳什维尔(美国田纳西州首府),Tennessee,allpartsoftheworld,notjustfromtheStatesbutfromallovertheworld,alotofelectricalequipment,thegoodolddays,Americancountrymusictoday,sorts,EarlyCountry早期乡村乐Cowboy牛仔音乐WesternSwing西部摇摆BlueGrass兰草音乐Honkyu-Tonk酒吧音乐Rockabilly乡土摇滚TheNashvilleSound纳什维尔之声Country-rock乡村摇滚Outlaw叛道运动NewTraditionalCountry新传统主义NewCountry新乡村音乐Retro回归音乐,representativepersonage,JohnDenver,1943burninNewMexico,helearnedarchitectureatuniversity.1971HecametothefrontforTakeMeHome,CountryRoads（乡村之路）.Hissongswerefullofhislovetothehometown,therespectofnature,theadmireoflifeandthehopeofabeautifulworld.1997Whenhedrivedhispubble-jumper,theplanefell.Thenhelefthisfunsforever.Hisfamoussongs:TakeMeHome,CountryRoadsRockyMountainHigh高高洛基山AfricanSunshine非洲的黎明,GeorgeStrait,1952.5.18BurnatTexas.Hewasoneofthemostfamouscountrymusicsingersin1980s.1971Hejoinedthearmy.1973Heboughtacheapgeta.HeformedabandnamedRamblingCountry.1975HegonebackhomeandwenttoSounthwestTesxasuniversitystudyingagriculture.1979HerecordedhisfirsealbuminMCA。Afterthat,Straitstayedonthetopforalongtime.1992HetakepartinthefilmPureCountry.Foursongsofthisfilmwenttothetopofbroadcast.Hisfamoussongs:ISawGodTodayItJustComesNaturalGoodNews,BadNewsMurderOnMusicRow,ShaniaTwain,1965.8.28BurninOntarioCanada，shewasthemostpopularmordencountrymusicsingerafterGarthBrooksinthemiddleof1990s.Shebegantolearnguitar,creativeandsingingwhenshewasveryyoung.。,1993firstalbumShaniaTwain1996RecivedthevillageGrammyAwardsinger(格莱美最佳乡村女歌手奖)byAnymanofmine.Herfamoussongs:WhatMadeYouSayThat(1993)是什么让你说起那些AnyManOfMine(1996）我的男人YouarStillTheOne(1999）你是我的唯一FromThisMomentOn就从此刻起,TaylorAlisonSwift泰勒斯威夫特,Americancountrymusicfemaleartist,willuseacousticguitar,piano.美国乡村音乐女创作歌手，会用木吉他、钢琴演奏。,FavoriteFemaleCountryArtist最受欢迎乡村女艺人,BestNewArtist最佳新人奖,（Rhythm&Blues）节奏布鲁斯,R&B,Part4,R&B的全名是Rhythm&Blues，一般译作“节奏布鲁斯”(R&B)，时至今日，R&B已经成了黑人流行音乐的代名词，尽管它更多的是作为一种区别于说唱乐(Rap)、灵魂乐(Soul)、都市歌(Urban)的音乐种类被特殊的听众和唱片界人士提及。,RhythmandBluesisthefulltranslationof“R&B”.Today,R&Bmusichasbecomethepronounofblackpopular,althoughitismoreofakindofdifferenceinRap,Soul,Urbansong(musicbythesituation)typesofspecialaudienceandrecordcirclesmentioned.,R&B,Rhythmandblues,oftenabbreviatedtoR&B,isagenreofpopularAfricanAmericanmusicthatoriginatedinthe1940s.ThetermwasoriginallyusedbyrecordcompaniestodescriberecordingsmarketedpredominantlytourbanAfricanAmericans,atatimewhen“urbane,rocking,jazzbasedmusicwithaheavy,insistentbeat”wasbecomingmorepopular.,早期的摇滚乐就是以R&B为基础的，它是由受流行音乐影响的“乡村和西部音乐”延展而来。R&B不仅仅是在布鲁斯和摇滚乐之间的一种重要的过渡音乐，它还是布鲁斯和灵魂乐之间最重要的音乐分支。,Earlyintherock,R&B,itisthebasisforthepopularmusicinfluencecountryandwesternmusic.R&Bisnotonlyinthebluesandrockmusicisakindofimportantbetweenthemusic,itstilltransitionbetweenBruceandsoulmusicisthemostimportant.,RKelly,罗伯特凯利，美国R&B巨星，1967年1月8日出生于美国最大的湖港城市，伊利诺伊州芝加哥市的南部地区，全球卖出超过一亿五千万张专辑的惊人销售量、一千五百万张的单曲销售数字、13首单曲排行冠军纪录，R.Kelly成为90年代至今最具代表性的畅销天王之一。,R.Kelly是美国R&B和说唱音乐中最出色的歌手，制作人和词曲作者之一，由他制作的音乐总能很好的把说唱音乐，R&B音乐以及灵魂乐完美的融合在一起并创造出优美的旋律，因而能够得到R.Kelly制作的专辑决不会让歌迷的耳朵受罪，同时他本人还是90年代专辑销量最好的男歌手之一。,MariahCarey,最佳灵魂乐/R&B女歌手,Thebestsoul/R&Bsinger,格莱美音乐大奖,Grammy,R&Bsingerglobalsalesofthebest,全球销量最佳R&B女歌手,Part5HipHop嘻哈说唱,Hip-Hop,HiphopfirstemergedamongyoungurbanblacksinNewYorkCityduringthelate1970s/early1980s.Bythelate1990sHip-hophadbecomemorepopularthanRockmusicinAmerica.,hip-hop是20多年前始于美国街头的一种黑人文化，也泛指rap（说唱乐）。hip-hop文化的四种表现方式包括rap（有节奏、押韵地说话）、b-boying（街舞）、dj-ing（玩唱片及唱盘技巧）、raffitiwriting（涂鸦艺术）。因此rap（说唱乐）只是hip-hop文化中的一种元素，要加上其它舞蹈、服饰、生活态度等才构成完整的hip-hop文化。,说唱起源于60年代，而作为音乐理解的HipHop则起源于70年代初，它的前身是RAP(有时候会加一点R&B)。这是一种完全自由式即兴式的音乐。这种音乐不带有任何程式化，拘束的成分。在任何时间，任何地点你都可以炫Hiphop只要你high。HipHop从字面上来看，Hip是臀部，Hop是摇摆，加在一起就是轻扭摆臀，是以前美国的蹦迪。原先指的是雏形阶段的街舞(也就是我们以前说的霹雳舞)，后来才逐渐发展成一种巨大的概念我们现在说的HipHop文化还包括了那些宽大的衣服、沉甸甸的纯金饰品、平时说起话来就“YoYo?whatsup？men！”的口语习惯总之就是那种美国贫民街区里黑人的生活方式以及他们的“范儿”。,Jay-ZRapgodfather（说唱界教父）RealName（本名）ShawnCoreyCarterAmericanhip-hopmusicartist,entrepreneur.InApril2008withBeyoncemarriage.MostNBAplayersarelisteningtosongsofJAYZ美国嘻哈音乐艺术家、企业家，于在2008年4月4日与碧昂丝结婚。NBA大部分球员都是听着JAY-Z的歌长大的,冠军专辑数：11张（历史第二，超越猫王，仅次于披头士）在新一周的Billboard200专辑榜中，东海岸说唱达人JayZ的新作AmericanGangster为他赢得了他在Billboard专辑榜中的第十个冠军。据NielsenSoundScan统计，AmericanGangster在美国上市第一周的销量为42万5千张。至此，JayZ已经追平了“猫王”埃尔维斯普莱斯利(ElvisPresley)10张冠军专辑的纪录。目前，JayZ和ElvisPresley仍落后于披头士乐队(TheBeatles)19张冠军专辑的最高纪录。自从1998年以来，JayZ的全部八张个人专辑全部都在Billboard200专辑榜中夺魁，而他和林肯公园乐队(LinkinPark)合作的CollisionCourse以及同R.凯利(R.Kelly)合作的专辑UnfinishedBusiness也都非常轻松地在Billboard200专辑榜中称霸。Jay-Z是美国说唱界的超级明星，同时是The40/40体育酒吧连锁店的合伙人，DefJam唱片公司的前任首席执行官，Roc-A-Fella唱片公司的三位创始人之一，并开创了Rocawear品牌服饰。,Thefourelementsofhip-hop,Rapping,DJ-ing,Breakdancing,GraffitiArt,Part6PopMusic流行音樂,PopMusic,Popmusicishardtodescribebecauseitsjustmusicthatispopularatanygiventime.PopmusicmaybeverysimilartoRap,R&B,RockorevenCountrymusicbutitisdesignedtohavemassappeal.,Popmusicisoftenafusionofstyles,Part7ClassicalMusic古典乐,DevelopmentHistory,MedievalPeriod中世纪时期(1450年前)Majorinpoetry主要以诗篇为主Baroque巴洛克时期(约为公元16001750)Fantasia,overture幻想曲、序曲Classical古典主义时期(约公元17501820)Sonata奏鸣曲Romanticism浪漫主义时期(约为公元18201900)Thisperiodofmusicpaymoreattentiontoexpressonesmentalstateandsubjectivefeelings,thenaturalsceneryoftheperformancealsoincreasinglyprominent,thecreationofethnicandfolkmusicontheuseofmoreattentionandfrequent.这一时期的音乐更注重表达人的精神境界与主观感情，对自然景物的表现也愈加突出，创作上对民族和民间音乐的利用更加重视与频繁。,LeonardBernstein伦纳德伯恩斯坦（19181990)Themostoutstandingmusiccommandmaster美国最杰出的音乐指挥大师,Heisaconductor,composers,performerscollection,educators,theoristsintheartworldmasters,itsartisticattainments.Theinternationalpublicopinionthinks,“heleftblankisdifficulttofillthe”.他是一位集指挥家、作曲家、演奏家、教育家、理论家于一身的艺术大师，其艺术造诣举世推崇。国际舆论认为，“他所留下的空白是难以填补的”。,TheGrammyAwards(originallycalledtheGramophoneAwards)orGrammysarepresentedannuallybytheNationalAcademyofRecordingArtsandSciencesoftheUni