2020高考英语总复习 经典易错题会诊与试题预测 第二部分单项填空 考点6动词的时态和语态VIP

第二部分 单项填空考点6 动词的时态和语态常见的八种时态及其延伸时态的含义和基本用法.主动语态、被动语态的含义和用法.情态动词 + have + 过去分词结构动词时态是高中语法的重点和难点，当然也就是高考的命题热点了。判断时态的关键在于正确认定行为动作发生的时间。根据时间状语直接地判断时态比较简单，但必须牢牢掌握与各种时态连用的时间状语。同时，正确分析试题的时态语境是非常重要的。这里的“语境”是指上下文的时间信息，入是题干所提供的对话，或是单句，找出信息词，确定行为动作发生的时间，从而判断句子的时态。这仍然是命题的焦点。经典易错题会诊命题角度 1 常见的八种时态及其延伸时态的含义和平共处基本用法1 (典型例题北 ) He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide考场错解 C专家把脉 前面的was hoping有很大的干扰，考生以为是过去的动作，从而错选C。but之后的句意为:他的父母决定，除非他从银行借钱，否则他们是不会支持的。那么是已经决定，过去发生的动作，对现在造成了影响，符合现在完成时的含义与用法。对症下药 B考场错解 C2.(典型例题苏) They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we it as no good results have come out so far.A. had been working; are still workingB. had worked; were still workingC. have been working; have workedD. have worked; are still working专家把脉 本题有两个不同的语境。前者是在我加入以前他们已经干了一个星期，是过去的过去，用过去完成时；后者则用现在进行时来表示目前仍然处于的状态。时间状语so far是修饰动作come out的。对症下药 A3.(典型例题) Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea. He _ it this morning.A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done考场错解 A专家把脉 这里的时间状语this moring很容易让考生误选一般过去时。句意为:Sam今天写完作业了吗?我不知道，他今天上午在做着呢。应该使用过去进行时，表示上午当时正做着，但不知是否完成。状语this moming前加上by，则可用过去完成时。对症下药 C4.(典型例题国 ) The window is dirty.I know. It for weeks.A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned考场错解 B专家把脉 题干中的时间状语for weeks是某段时间。根据后者所说:我知道，它已经好几周没擦了。窗户应该是被擦，而且过去的动作影响到现在，所以应该用现在完成时的被动语态。对症下药 D5.(典型例题国 )Thank goodness, you are here! What_ you?Traffic jam.A. keeps B. is keeping C. had kept D. kept考场错解 C专家把脉 根据语义Youre here(你终于到了)，那么后面是叙述在到达之前所发生的事情，说明动作已经终止，用一般过去时。如果说强调对现在的影响，也只能是现在完成时，所以C项是错误的。对症下药 D6.(典型例题庆) The crazy fans patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait考场错解 A、C、或D专家把脉 题于意思为:那些疯狂的影迷已经耐心地等了两个小时，而且他们会一直等到那位影星的出现谓语是针对过去某个时候而言一直持续的状态，故需要用过去完成进行时 不是过去某个时候正在发生的动作 (A)或即将发生的动作(D):若选C，最好是不再继续等待。对症下药 B7.(典型例题宁 )Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _ such a beautiful palace.A. can you find B. you could tlnd C. you can find D. could you find考场错解 D专家把脉 这里并非是疑问句中could表示委婉语气，排除B、D、本题but后的并列简单句是以nowhere else这个否定词开始，故要用倒装语序，从时态一致的角度考虑，选A。对症下药 A8.(典型例题 ) The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuade B. will persuaded C. be persuaded D. are persuaded考场错解 B专家把脉 尽管句中是指将来的事情，但条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，在这时“如果人们被说服或被劝告”，含有被动之意，所以选用一般现在时的被动语态，对症下药 D9.(典型例题京) Now that she is out of job, Lucy going back to school, but she hasat decided yet.A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to considered考场错解 C专家把脉 从题干中得知，Lucy失业，从主句的后半句得知她还没有决定是否回学校，因此，前面是指她一直在考虑着回学校，符合现在完成进行时的含义，对症下药 B专家会诊使用各种时态时的注意事项1.一般现在时(1) 有计划的动作常用来表示计划、安排好了的将来动作，如go，come，start，leave，take off(起飞)，arrive，return等。例如:I leave for Beijing next Monday.The meeting begins in a minute.(2) 在here，there，in等开头的倒装句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:I leave for Beijing next Monday.There goes the bell.In came the teacher.(3)表示感觉、状态、思想或理解的动词，如see ，hear，think，hope，wish，know， forget，understand，like，hate，mean，be feel，fit 等常有可用于一般现在时。例如:I feel a sudden pain in my head.2.一般过去时在口语中，want，hope，wish，wonder，think等动词可用一般过去时表示现在的一种委婉的语气或一种试探性的态度；情态动词的过去式could， should，would，might也可用于现在或将来时表示一种委婉语气。例如:I wanted to ask if you could help me.Could you lend me your dictionary?Would you like to have a walk in the garden with me?What should I do now?3.一般将来时(1)条件状语从句中，will可以用作情态动词，表示“意愿”。Will还可以用作表示一种倾向或习惯动作。例如:If you will wait for me, I shall go with you. (表示意愿)Crops will die without water. (表示倾向性)Where there is water, there will be life. (表示习惯性)(3) be doing限于某些非延续性动词，如go， come，leave，start，finish等，表示按计划安排要发生的事。例如:I am finishing my homework.He is coming.They are leaving for Tibet.4.现在进行时(1)用来表示现阶段正在进行的动作，尽管此刻这一动作不一定正在进行。例如:How are you getting along with your work these days?(2)在时间、条件状语从句中，有时可用进行时来代替一般将来时。例如:Dont mention this when you are talking with the manager.(3)现在进行时与always，all the time，forever， constantly等词连用时，表示感叹、惊讶、厌恶等情绪。例如:He is always thinking of his study. (表示赞许)Tom is talking his past all the time. (表示厌恶)(4)连系动词look，feel，smdl，taste，sound等，表示心理的动词want，like，prefer，have等一般不用于进行时态，也没有被动语态。但是，turn，become，get，grow，go等表示由一种状态进入另一种状态时，用进行时。例如:She feels worse today.The fish smells good.The rich man is becoming poorer and poorer.(改变状态)Its getting darker and darker.(改变状态)5.般过去时和现在完成时的区别(1)一般过去时所表示的一个和一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连。所表示的事情纯属过去，和现在的情况没有关系。Who pointed out the mistake?He will never be what he used to be.He went to town yesterday. ( 过去某次 )When I was young, I took bath regularly. (过去经常)I would tell him the great changes when I was in his home. (经常发生的动作)现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的现在以前的过去某个或某段时间，所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。例如:Have you ever been to Shanghai?He has gone to the library.(2)一般过去时常用的时间状语有yesterday， last night，two days ago，at that time等；例如:At that time, he was very poor.I finished my homework two days ago.现在完成时常用的状语，副词有already，just， yet，never，ever，before等，与表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语连用，如today， now，lately，recently，in the lastpast few days weeksyears，since then，up to now，so far等。例如:I have never seen such a big apple.He has remembered 500 words this month.He has been there for five months.I havent seen him since 典型例题 I havent seen him since he left.I wont believe you until I have seen it with my own eyes.比较下面句子，体会两种时态的不同:He served in the army from 1999 to 典型例题指过去的一件事，现在不是军人)He has served in the army for 6 years.(现在还在服役)He wrote many novels when he was at college. (写许多小说是读大学时的事情)He has written many novels。(写过许多小说，还在写)I saw War and Peace lastyear.(去年看的)I have seen War and Peace before.(以前看过)6.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时的动作发生在过去，对现在有着影响；现在完成进行时则强调延续或直接结果。例如:You look so tired ,what have you been doing?We have been discussing the problem but we havent drawn a conclusion.考场维训练1 I _ with my uncle and aunt because my parents have gone abroad for a holiday.A. stayed B. am staying C. have stayed D. was staying答案: B解析:从后文可知父母还在度假，那么是现在正在和叔叔一起住。2 At last we got the letter we _ long _A. had; been expecting B. were; expecting C. had; been expected D. have; been expecting答案: A解析:根据语境，我们一直期待的信，用过去完成进行时。3 Whats the weather like tomorrow?Well, I _ it, for the scenic pictures drew my attention as the weather forecast was going on.A. was missing B. missed C. will miss D. had misse答案: B解析:错过了是过去的事情。4 May I speak to your manager at four o clock this afternoon ?Im sorry. He to a conference long before then.A. will have gone B. had gone C. would go D. has gone答案: A解析:在那个时候已经发生了，将来完成时。5 Has George returned from Japan yet? Id like to meet him.Im terribly sorry, but he _ back here only for last weekend.A. has been B. would be C. had been D. was答案: D解析:这里时间状语for last week并不是表示一段时间，只是说明一个过去的情况。命题角度 2 主动语态、被动语态的含义和用法1 (典型例题庆) Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused考场错解 B专家把脉 损失是暴风雨造成的，所以应该是被动。但如果被题干中的过去时迷惑而用过去完成时的B项就错了。暴风雨是昨晚发生的事情，但由此造成的影响还在继续，所以应当用现在完成时的被动语态。对症下药 A2.(典型例题 )Why did you leave that position?I _ a better position at IBM.A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered考场错解 C专家把脉 动词offer常用在offereb.sth.结构中，这里主语是I，故用被动语态。又因为动作发生在过去，因此选D。对症下药 D3.(典型例题 ) Sarah,hurry up. Im afraid you wouldnt have time to _ before the party.A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change考场错解 D专家把脉 本题考查系表结构。“get changed是换衣服的意思，changed是过去分词做表语。类似的还有 get dressed，get seated等。对症下药 A4.(典型例题国)According to the art dealer, the painting to go for at least a million dollars.A. is expected B. expects C. expected D. is expecting考场错解 D专家把脉 句意为:按绘画经纪人的话来说，这幅画预料至少值100万美元。句子的主语是painting，不能发出预料的动作，应该是“被指望、被预料”，所以用被动语态。对症下药 A5.(典型例题京)The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2020;2020.A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed考场错解 D专家把脉 题干中有明显的时间状语by 2020;2020，是一个将来的时间。短语by+将来的时间和将来完成时连用，同时construction和complete是被动关系，故用将来完成时的被动语态形式。对症下药 C6.(典型例题)Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will fresh for several days.A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed考场错解 A专家把脉 一方面题干的意思说明“可以保留好几天”，是将来时态，一方面动词stay这里用作连系动词，不能用于被动语态，所以选B。对症下药 B专家会诊1.在口语和非正式场合下为了强调动作，常用“get+过去分词”结构。有时带有不愉快、不顺利 的含义。其否定和疑问句要借助动词do来构成。有时也会出现“become+过去分词”的结构。例如:He got wounded in a battle.She got married last week.The patient gets treated once a week.Did you get scolded yesterday?He became seized with a deep sorrow.2.短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态形式短语动词的被动结构中，构成短语动词的介词或副词不能省略。情态动词的被动语态形式是:情态动词 + be + 过去分词。例如:The old woman was often laughed at.The doctor has been sent for.Time must be made good use of.The plan will be given up.Bad habits have been done away with.The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.3.主动形式表示被动意义的情况:1)某些连系动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如look(看上去)，smell，taste，sound，feel，appear (似乎)，prove(证明)，后面接形容词或名词做表语。例如:The roses smell sweet.The theory proved true.The examination turned out easy.2)某些具有及物意义的不及物动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如read，write，translate，record， lock，shut，open，wash，clean，run，sell等，此时主语大多指物，并且一般和副词连用。例如:Your composition reads well.His voice records well.The door locks easily.The coat wears well.3)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin， finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，rna，move等。例如Work began at 7oclock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m. everyday.4)少数动词用于进行时，主动形式表示被动含义，如print，build，cook，fly，hang，make等。例如:The books are printing.The meat is cooking.My coat is hanging behind the door.(5)某些不及物动词(短语)的主动形式表示被动的意义。常见的有:happen，take place，break out，belong to，go out，run out等。例如:The accident happened yesterday evening.The Anti -Japanese War broke out in 1937.The fire went out gradually.All of our food has run out.考场思维训练1 the Christmas card Mr. White ?No. Its still on the desk.A. Has; given B. Was; given C. Has; been given D. Will; be given答案: C解析:强调有没有被送去。2 Only when your identity has been checked, _.A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in答案: D解析:将来的事情，被许可。3 Do you know anyone in Paris?No, but Ill make friends once _A. Im settled B. Ill be settled C. Ive been settled D. I had settled答案: A解析:动作并未发生，不能用完成时，这里be settled表示状态。4 The high standard of the nations literature and art _ widespread attention.A. was attracted B. have attracted C. has attracted D. has been attracted答案: C解析:表示“某事吸引某事”，主动代替被动，同时主语是不可数名词standard。5 Slowly the old woman took out her pocket book, and an old photograph _ out of it.A. dropped B. was dropped C. was dropping D. had been dropped答案: A解析:这里drop是不及物动词。6 These shoes are of high quality and _ long.A. are worn B. are wearing C. are worn out D. wear答案: D解析:表示穿的时间长，主动代替被动。命题角度 3 情态动词+have+过去分词结构1 (典型例题) When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain.A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid考场错解 D专家把脉 如果误解为“waswere doing. when.”(即将突然)句型，就会错选D。从句意看 hide的动作在start之前就已经开始了，应当用过去完成时来表示过去的过去。对症下药 A2.(典型例题京)Scientists think that the continents _ where they _ today.A. arent; are B. arent; were C. werent; are D. werent; were考场错解 A专家把脉 单纯看时间状语好像是用现在时态，但语境告诉我们的是今天各个大陆板块的位置与过去的不同，因此，前者是一般过去时，后者才是一般现在时。对症下药 C3.(典型例题国) Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions.A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached考场错解 C专家把脉 考查“祈使句 + orand + 陈述句”结构的用法。一般陈述句中是一般将来时。根据本句的意思:咱们还是抓住要点(别跑题)，否则就永远得不出结论(做不出决定)，应选一般将来时。对症下药 A4.(典型例题徽)That was really a splendid evening. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. when B. that C. before D. since考场错解 A专家把脉 看起来似乎是连接词的选择，本题暗含了句型“It ishas been+一段时间+since从句”，且 since从句中一般用一般过去时，如果前面是was，则since从句中用过去完成时。对症下药 D专家会诊固定句式中的时态和语态的情况:1.在if, unlless，evenif 引导的条件状语从句中，在when，until(till)，as soon ss，the moment，once引导的时间状语从句中，no mater whatwhowhichwhenwherehow或whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhowever引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句是将来时(往往出现wilL shallcanmust)或主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:Ill not go unless I am invited.Tell him the news as soon as he comes.2. “be + to do”表示拟订或计划中将发生的行为或按职责义务必须去做的事情；“be about to do”表示即将发生的事，句中一般不使用时间状语。例如:All the questions are to be answered at once.(表示拟订的事情)No one is to leave the room without the permission of the police.(表示按职责必须做的事)They are about to leave tonight.(错误，去掉tonight)3.语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚才，刚刚”的意思，暗示现在已“不再这样”。例如:I dont knew you were here.(说话时已经知道了你在这儿)I never thought he would do that.(说话时已经知道了他会这样做)4.表示愿望、打算一类的词，如hope，expect， mean，intend，want，think，suppose，want等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。例如:I had hoped to see more of NewYork.(实际上没能实现)I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at that moment.(本来打算帮你，但没有实现)I had thought that he would come tomorrow. (结果是他明天不能来)5.三个特殊句式的固定时态。(1) ThisIt is the firstsecond.time + that从句。从句中一般用现在完成时，前面的is为was时，则用过去完成时。例如:This the firsr time I have come to the famous city.It was the forth time he had made the same mistake.(2)It ishas been + 一段时间 + since从句。 since从句中一般用一般过去时，如果前面是was，则since从句中用过去完成时。例如:It was ten years since we had hadsuch a wonderful time.(3)It + be + 一段时间 + before从句。如果主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，意思是多长时间后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意思是多长时间后发生了某事。例如:It wont be long before he succeeds.(要不了多久他就会成功)It was ten years before they met again.(十年后,他们又见面了)考场思维训练1 The cell phone I _ I is on the back seat of my ear.A. thought; had lost B. think; had lost C. thought; have lost D. think; lost答案: A解析:见固定句式中的时态用法。2 Alice. you looked puzzled. Have you understood it?Yes. I another problem just now.A. have thought of B. am thinking of C. had thought of D. Was thinking of答案: D解析:暗示现在没有想了。3 _ I toured Zhangjiajie, I was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery.A. For the first time B. At first C. It was the first time D. The first time答案: D解析:The first time引导时间状语从句。探究开放题预测预测角度 1 动词时态是高中语法的重点和难点，当然也就是高考的命题热点了。判断时态的关键在于正确认定行为动作发生的时间。根据时间状语直接地判断时态比较简单，但必须牢牢掌握与各种时态连用的时间状语。同时，正确分析试题的肘态语境是非常重要的。这里的“语境”是指上下文的时间信息，或呈题干所提供的对话，或是单句，找出信息词，确定行为动作发生的时间，从而判断句子的时态。这仍然是命题的焦点。1.At this time tomorrow, at home with a cup of tea.A. I am going to watch TV B. I will be watching TV C. I 11 watch TV D. Im to watch TV解题思路 从题干的时间状语At this time tomorrow可知，应该是“明天的这个时候”在干什么，所以用将来进行时 而A、C、D项都表示将来时间，be going用于已经决定的事情或将来肯定会发生的事情，shallwill do用于预料将要发生的事情，be to do用于计划、安排将要做的事情，不符合题意解答 B2.Hey, boy! l,ook where you are going!Oh, lm terrihly sorry, _ .A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I am not uoticed D. I dont noticed解题思路 题干中没有明显的时间状语，但从Im terribly sorry可知，是在提醒下现在知道了自己的错误，没有“notice”是过去的事情，所以还是用过去进行时解答 B3.All the preparations for lhe task . and theyre ready to start.A. cnmpleted B. complete C. had been cumpleted D. have been completed解题思路 句子的后半部分是and引导的并列句，句意是:他们准备开始了，并且所有的准备工作已经做好了，符合现在完成时的含义和用法解答 D考点高分解题综合训练I.单项选择1 I used to drink a lot of coffee but these days I _ tea.A. prefer B. am preferring C. preferred D. have preferred答案: A解析:一般现在时表示现在的状况。2 Do you know when sheSorry, I dont, but Ill let you know when she ?A. comes; comes B. comes; will come C. will come; will come D. will come; comes答案: D解析:前者宾语从句，将来时；后者状语从句，现在时代替将来时。3 How is she getting along with her English study?Sorry, I dont know, because I her as much as I used to for almost two years.A. havent met B. didnt meet C. am not meeting D. dont meet答案: A解析:时间状语for almost two years是完成时的标志。4 Do you know what Tom does all day?I know he spends at least as much time watching TV as he his lessons.A. is doing B. does C. spends in D. does doing答案: D解析:does doing体现了spend + 时间 + in doing sth.5 In order to protect the drinking water area, _ .A. the villagers will plant many treesB. many trees will be plantedC. planting many trees is necessaryD. its necessary for the villagers to plant many trees答案: A解析:逻辑上要保持一致。6 Mr. Wang told ne that four-fifths d the houses _ .A. have been sold out B. had been sold out C. were sold out D. was sold out答案: B解析:told是过去时