2020年湖南省株洲四中高三英语《7.动词不定式》复习教案

7.动词不定式动词不定式是由to动词的原形构成的。其中to是不定式标记，没有意义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的特定语法功能，具有动词时态和语音的特点和功能。一般形式如表所示(和动词do为例)，动词没有被动语态。时间语音活动手动一般to do to be done进度to be doing/完成to have done to have been done进度完成to have been doing/也有可以把7.1不定式用作宾语的动词，一般有三种情况。(1)部分及物动词用不定式作为宾语，结构是动词不定式。例如：Afford aim agree arrange ask decidebother carechoose demand desire determineElect endeavor hope fail help learnLong渴望mean manage offer plan pretendrefuse tend under take expect hate intentid例如：the driver failed to see the other car in time。司机没有及时看到别的车。He offered to help me。他表示愿意帮助我。(2)有些动词不仅可以用不定式作为宾语，还可以用不定式作为补语。(。即具有动词宾语否定式的结构。例如：Ask choose expect help beg intendlike/love need prefer prepare want wish示例：I like to keep everything tidy。我喜欢一切干净。I like you to keep everything tidy。我喜欢你保持一切整洁。I want to speak to Tom。我想和汤姆说话。I want you to speak to Tom。我希望你和汤姆说话。(3)有些动词或动词短语可以用动词疑问动词不定式的结构作为宾语。(。例如：decide know consider forget learn remembershow，onder find out tell inquire explain示例：Please show us how to do that。请给我看看怎么做。there are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can t make up my mind which to buy。有这么多录音机，我不知道买哪个。7.2不定式用作补充词1)部分具有动词宾语不定式的结构。例如：advise allow cause challenge command compel lentDrive驱动enable encourage forbid force impelinduce instruct invite like/love order permitMake let have want get warnpersuade request send tell train urge例如，如果，father will not allow us to play on the street .爸爸不让我们在街上玩。The officer ordered his men to fire。部长命令士兵开火。注意：某些动词(如make、have、get、want等)可以用作不定式，也可以用分词作空位。现在分词是主动的，表达也在进行，过去分词是被动的。(2)有动词宾语不定式的结构。不定式的动词通常是be，不定式一般可以保存。例如：consider find believe think declare(宣称)appointges fancy gudge imagine know例如：We believe him to be guilty。我们相信他有罪。We know him to be a fool .我们知道他是傻瓜。(不能保存到be)典型的例子Charles Babbage is generally considered _ _ _ the first computer。A.to inventb . inventing c . to have invented . having invented答案：c .一般没有consider物件be以外的否定式结构，也没有consider物件doing的结构，并排除a、b、d。Consider在将非动词be的不定式留空时，通常要求完成不定式，所以选择c。(3)有些动词可以和there to be的结构连用。例如：believe expect intent like love meanPrefer want wish understand例：我们没想到会有很多人在那里。you woulden t want there to be another war。你不希望发生另一场战争。给我7.3不定式不定式是主语，往往把it作为形式主语，实际主语放在句子后面。示例：Its so nice to hear your voice。很高兴听到你的声音。it s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it。不使用车的时候，需要锁车。Its very kind of you to help us。他帮我们，他很好。it seemed selfish of him not to give them anything。他什么都不给他们，太自私了。但是，以不定式为主题的句子中有不定式的时候，it is.到.中的句型不可用。另外，这种句子不能用名词作为表语。例如：To teach is to learn。(错误)It is to learn to teach。(错误)To teach is learning。(错)tiching is to learn。典型的例子The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable to _ _ _。A.sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on答：b .如果不定式是自动动词，那么后面必须有必要的介词。动词和介词一起使用时，经常位于形容词动词不定式结构的末尾。7.4 Its for sb。和Its of sb。由于表语形容词的性质不同，不定式逻辑的主语分为for或of。(1)for sb。句型的形容词通常表示事物的特征，表示客观形式的形容词，例如easy，hard，difficult，interesting，impossible等：示例：it s very hard for him to study two languages。对他来说，学两门外语很难。2)of sb句型形容词一般是表示性格、道德、精神能力、主观感情或态度的形容词，如good，kind，nice，clever，foolis，right。例如：Its very nice of you to help me。你来帮我，你真好。使用For或of的另一种识别方法：以介词for或of后的逻辑主语为句子主题，以介词前的形容词为表语造句。通则of，通则for。例如：You are nice。(按顺序，所以应用of)。He is hard .(未表达的意思行不通，所以使用for。)，以获取详细信息7.5不定式表达不定式可以放在be动词后面形成表语。例如：My work is to clean the room every day。我的工作是每天打扫房间。His dream is to be a doctor。他的梦想是成为医生。7.6不定式用作属性不定式通常放在修饰的单词后面，表示没有发生的动作的情况很多。例如：I have a lot of work to do .有很多事要做。there was nothing to bring home that morning。那天早晨(他回家的时候)两手空空。7.7副词作为不定式1)目的副词常用结构包括to do、only to do、in order to do、so as to do和so (such).as to.(因此.)。例如：he ran so fast as to catch the first bus。他为了赶上第一班公共汽车，飞快地跑了。I come here only to say good-bye to you。我就是来告别你的。(2)结果副词可能表示意想不到的结果或事情预定的结果，不定式应该位于句子后面。I awoke to find my truck gone。起床后发现箱子不见了。he searched the room only to find nothing .他搜查了房间，但什么也没发现。3)表格原因Im glad to see you。很高兴见到你。She wept to see the sight。她一看到这种情况就哭了。4)表示原因和条件He must be a fool to say so。you will do well to speak more carefully。7.8用作介词To可以用作介词，也可以用作不定式表示。以下to用作介词：admit to object to be accustomed to be used to stick to turn to开始look forward to be devoted to pay attention to contribute to apologize to devote oneself to存储7.9 to的动词不定式1)情态动词(ought除外)后。2)动词let，have，make后，感觉动词see，watch，lookat，notice，observe，hear，listen to，smell，feel注意：手动语音不能保存到。例如：I saw him dance。我看见他在跳舞。=He was seen to dance。boss mad them work the whole night。老板让我通宵工作。=they were made to work the whole night。3) would rather，had better句型之后4) why./why no.在句型之后5) help之后可能是to或to，help sb (to) do sth:6)在but和except之后。But前面有一个失义动词do，后面出现的不定式没有to。比较：He wants to do nothing but go out。他只想出去玩。he wants to believe anything but to take the medicine。除了吃这药，我什么都相信。7)用and、or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to可以存储：8)tober通常在discover、imagine、suppose、think等单词后补充时节省。例如：He is supposed nice。必须是好人。典型的例子1 - I usually go there by train。-Why not _ _ by boat for a change？A.to try going b . trying to go c . to try and go d . try going答案：选择d，因为D. why not后面附加了不带to的不定式。(2)保罗doesn t have to be made _ _。he always works hard .A.learn b . to learn c . learned d d . learning答：B. make后接没有to的动词不定式，当它是被动用时，不能省略to。7.10动词不定式在不定式标志to之前添加not。例如：Tell him not to shut the