安徽省定远县2020高考英语一轮复习 课外阅读理解改编（三）

安徽定远县2020高考英语课外阅读理解一轮改编（三）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Dear Rudyard Kipling,Father has consistently tried to instill(灌输) a sense of being a man in me ever since I was very young. When I reached the age of twelve he began taking me to his auto body shop. He told me this tough job would build me into a man of character. But this all changed a year ago when my mother passed away and stumbled upon your poem, If.My mother was the person who could understand me. If I ever got tired during my work hours at the shop I could call her to come and pick me up. It was my mother who instilled the love of literature and languages in me. My mother spoke six languages fluently and had thousands of books, which still sit in the attic of our house. It was in this “library” of hers that I picked up a book of poetry from a cold metal shelf and found your poem, If.Because of the death of my mother I felt alone, as if I belonged to no family. The image of a man was completely shattered when I saw him break down and cry, which looked so pathetic（凄惨的）and “unmanly” compared to his usual stoic（禁欲主义者）and emotionless countenance. Yet I remained silent remembering the golden words: “If you can keep your head when all about you/ Are losing theirs and blaming it on you youll be a Man, my son!”If reminded me to remain calm and “keep my head” because I wanted to be a man and wanted to be the one supporting my family. I sacrificed my ability to compete in a winter sport so that I could stay home and cook for my family and clean the house. My father saw this and our relationship has grown much stronger. He finally respected me for who I was and told me he was proud to have a man for his son. Through this poem, I realize that to be a man is not about putting weights on a barbell（杠铃）but rather putting the weight of others on your back.Your poem was so much more than just a simple list of guidelines or morals that some see it as; it really changed my life and my relationship with my dad.41. According to the passage, what kind of person does the authors father expect him to be?A. A person who will shoulder responsibilities.B. A person who knows how to earn a lot of money.C. A person who knows how to do housework.D. A person who respects his parents.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据Father has consistently tried to instill(灌输) a sense of being a man in me ever since I was very young.作者的父亲想要他成为一个真正的能肩负起责任的男人，故选A。42. Who does the underlined word “him” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. the character in the poem B. the authors fatherC. the author D. an unknown person【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。根据The image of a man was completely shattered when I saw him break down and cry,可知这里指的是作者自己，是作者痛苦，因为自己的母亲去世，故选C。43. According to the passage, a man in the authors mind would have the following qualities EXCEPT _.A. responsible B. calm C. caring D. enthusiastic【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。responsible有责任心的； calm镇静的； caring爱心，有同情心的； enthusiastic热情的。根据because I wanted to be a man and wanted to be the one supporting my family. 作者认为人要有责任心；If you can keep your head when all about you/ Are losing theirs and blaming it on you youll be a Man, my son 这里作者引用母亲的话来说明人在遇到事情时要镇静；要If I ever got tired during my work hours at the shop I could call her to come and pick me up.作者认为要有爱心；只有选项D的热情没有提到，故选D。44. We can learn from the passage that _.A. the poem has helped to improve the relationship between the author and his fatherB. the author would not know how to help his family without the poemC. the authors father must have read the poem as wellD. the authors mother had told him about this poem before【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据Your poem was so much more than just a simple list of guidelines or morals that some see it as; it really changed my life and my relationship with my dad.那首诗帮助改善了作者和父亲的关系，故选A。45. The author has written this letter to _.A. share with Rudyard Kipling his sadness resulting from the death of his motherB. show his appreciation for the positive influence the poem has brought to himC. share his opinion on the poemD. tell Rudyard Kipling how he got the poem【答案】B【解析】作者意图题。根据短文的内容可知作者想让我们知道那首诗带给他的积极的影响。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform to social pressure when we are with a group of people. In one classic experiment, people were shown a vertical（垂直的） line and asked to find a line of identical length from a selection of three.You might think that this is an absurdly easy task, and when people perform it by themselves they do it very well. However, psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group. In one study, a group of three people was set up, where two of the people were confederates（同伙） of the experimenter. When the confederates deliberately gave wrong answers, people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also. In fact, 75% of people gave at least one wrong answer, with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion.But why do people conform in this way? In an easy task like this, it seems that people do not want to step out of line with the prevailing opinion of the group. On more difficult tasks, people also conform because they lose confidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead.A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come across people in distress. Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street? It turns out that you are much more likely to go to her assistance if you are alone. When other people are also around, a diffusion of responsibility occurs. People are paralysed into inaction, because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the womans assistance.1. In Paragraph 1, the underlined word “conform” probably means “ ”.A. seek independence B. disobey ordersC. follow what others doD. seek pleasure2. What is the purpose of the experiment described in Paragraph 2?A. To explain why people would be influenced by the opinions of others.B. To prove that people are easily influenced by the opinions of others.C. To train the confederates of the experimenter as independent-minded.D. To describe how people would be influenced by the opinions of others.3. In the last paragraph, according to the author, why wouldnt one help the woman?A. He thinks he has no responsibilities to give a hand.B. He thinks he has nothing to do with it.C. He is too shy to give his helping hand.D. He thinks someone else will offer assistance.4. What method does the author mainly use to develop the text?A. Giving examples.B. Cause-effect analysis.C. Comparative analysis.D. Process analysis.【参考答案】1-4、CBDA阅读理解-BThis is an old tale. Its the story of the three little pigs and the big bad wolf that blew down a house made of straw and one made of sticks. The only house left standing was the one made of bricks. Now there is new evidence to suggest that houses built with bales of straw can be very strong. They are also environmental.Pete Walker is a professor at the University of Bath in Britain. He and a team of researchers there have built a house made out of straw bales and hemp material.During the next twelve months the team will study the effectiveness of these materials in home building. Professor Walker says there are many good reasons for using straw.Professor Walker says that one of the benefits is that its a relatively inexpensively renewable material thats readily available.According to Professor Walker, straw takes in carbon dioxide as it grows. So it can be seen as having no harmful effects on the environment. He says straw helps the environment in other ways.Professor Walker: “The straw bale walls are relatively thick and so all that straw provides very good thermal(of heat) insulation. So we make buildings that require very little heating in the winter or indeed very little cooling in the summer. So they require very little additional energy.”Professor Walker says this reduces home operating expenses. It also reduces the effect on the environment. He says the current interest in straw bale houses is a direct response to the problem of climate change.David Lanfear owns an eco-friendly home building service in the United States called Bale on Bale Construction.He says he laughed when some friends first told him about houses built of straw. But after doing his own research, he learned that building with straw bales made a lot of sense. He has now helped to build more than ten straw bale houses and says the building material is becoming more widely accepted.To build the houses, he fills a wood frame with tightly packed bales of straw. Next he coats the walls inside and out with layers of clay plaster. He says the common ideas about straw houses continue, including stories about the threat of fire. Mr. Lanfear says straw bale houses have done well when tested for fire resistance. And he says his builders use the same building methods as traditional builders to keep out rain.David Lanfear: “We use what we call good shoes and a good hat, and that would be a solid foundation and a really good roof.”46. The function of the story in the first paragraph is to _.A. amuse the readersB. introduce the topic of this passageC. help the readers to recall their childhood memoryD. remind the readers that bricks are no longer the best choice for building【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据用这个寓言故事来引出下文，因为它们有相同之处都是叙述的房子的问题，故选B。47. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “insulation” in paragraph six?A. protection B. condition C. transmission D. expansion【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。根据The straw bale walls are relatively thick及So we make buildings that require very little heating in the winter or indeed very little cooling in the summer.可以猜出厚厚的草起保护的作用，故选A。48. Whats David Lanfears attitude towards the straw houses at last?A. Doubtful B. Approving C. Defensive D. Negative【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据He has now helped to build more than ten straw bale houses and says the building material is becoming more widely accepted. 最后David Lanfear是同意接受了用草做成的房子的。故选B。49. Which of the following is NOT the advantage of the house built with straw bales?A. It is environmentally friendly.B. The supply of its building materials is easily guaranteed.C. It is comparatively economical.D. It is free from fires.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据So it can be seen as having no harmful effects on the environment.这种房子是环保的，选项A符合原文；thats readily available.这些草是可以再生的，更新快，所以房子的原料是可以保证的，选项B符合原文；its a relatively inexpensively renewable material thats readily available. 这种房子是经济适用，花费不多，选项C符合原文；以上都是草屋的优点，只有选项D没有提到，故选D。50. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Professor Walker is still not very sure about whether the straw bales and hemp material are as useful as they expect.B. According to Professor Walker, climate change contributes to peoples present attention to straw bale houses.C. Peoples idea about the straw houses remains the same.D. The straw bale house built by David Lanfear share the same method to keep out rain as the traditional ones.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据the common ideas about straw houses continue, including stories about the threat of fire.人们的对于草房子的观点不可能完全一致，故选C。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Who are these people rushing by you in the street? More than 215 million people now call America “home”, but most of them can trace their families back to other parts of the world. If you look at the names on shop windows, you will see that Americans come from many different lands. The idea that these people, who once were strangers to the United States, have lost the customs and cultures of their original countries and have become “American” is really not true. In fact, what exists in America is more often a kind of “side-by-side” living in which groups of people from other countries often have kept many of their customs and habits. They join the general American society only in certain areas of their livessuch as in schools, business, and sportsbut they keep many of their own native customs and manners socially and at home. This living “side-by-side” has both advantages and disadvantages. Sometimes it may cause disagreements to develop between groups whose ways of life are very different from one another. However, there are also great advantages that come from the variety of cultures brought by settlers from other lands. There is great freedom of choice among ideas and dress, food, and social customs in America. Everyone can find some part of his or her familiar world in the United States, in churches, music, food, national groups, or newspapers.6. More than 215 million people call America “home” because_.A. they buy their houses there B. they settle there nowC. they get married there D. they were born there7. “Side-by-side” living style means _.A. making friends with native people B. keeping their own customs while sharing American ones in certain areasC. the groups of people who live nearbyD. that they get closer to American society8. According to the passage, people in the USA _.A. sha