广西北海市2020高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解基础训练1

广西北海市2020高考英语一轮阅读理解基础训练2020高考英语阅读理解集训。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior.One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study.They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoners Dilemma. The game is based on the tension (紧张气氛) between the interests (利益) of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher.Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings were. The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment. The study appeared last month in the journal Science.The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children aged two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children aged five to nine.The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not. The study says the IQs-or intelligence quotients-of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points.Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation. Professor Strauss has written extensively about physical punishment of children. He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development. He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common.1Which could be the best title of the passage?A. PunishmentB. The Best Way to Influence Behavior.C. Punishment or Reward: Which Works Better on Behavior?D. Two Recent Studies.2The underlined word “spanked” probably means_.A. won B. punished C. tested D. praised3According to the passage, the researchers may agree the best way to influence behavior is_.A. rewarding good behaviorB. correcting bad behaviorC. punishing badly-behaved childrenD. praising well-behaved children试题分析：文章主要介绍了两项研究的过程和研究成果。近期的两项研究显示，惩罚不是影响行为的最好方法。其中一项研究显示，成年人在一个基于奖励的机制中更具合作性。另一项研究表明，惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展。1选择最佳标题。A项太片面；文章没有提到最好的方法，排除B；D项不够具体；根据第二段“One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards.”和第六段“of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”可知，研究表明，奖励能够促进合作，惩罚不利于孩子的心智发展，故选C。2猜测词义题。根据带第六段“who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”可知，被父母体罚的孩子，他们的智商比没有受到体罚的孩子的低5分，根据最后一段“He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development.”可知，孩子受到的惩罚越多，他们的心智发展得越慢，说明划线词是“惩罚”的意思，故选B。3推理判断题。B、D两项文中未提及；根据倒数第二段“of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”和最后一段“the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development”可知，惩罚不利于孩子的身心发展，排除C；根据第二段“adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards”和第六段“five points higher than those who were”可知，奖励能够促进合作，而惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展，只有A项与奖励有关，故选A。2020高考英语阅读理解人物传记/故事类Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn childLast spring one of the two，Australia，gave up the bad distinction by setting up paid family leave starting in 2020I wasnt surprised when this didnt make the news here in the United Stateswere now the only wealthy country without such a policy The United States does have one explicit family policy，the Family and Medical Leave Act，passed in 1993It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problemDespite the modesty of the benefit，the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly，describing it as “government-run personnel management” and a “dangerous precedent（先例）” In fact，every step of the way，as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law，business groups have been strongly opposed As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues，justifying parental support depends on defining（定义）the family as a social good that，in some sense，society must pay forParents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is “no exit” when it comes to childrenSociety expectsand needsparents to provide their children with continuity of careAnd society expectsand needsparents to persist in their roles for 18 years，or longer if needed【小题1】What do we learn about paid family leave according to Paragraph 1？AIt came as a surprise when Australia adopted the policyBSetting up this policy made Australia less influentialCIt has now become a hot topic in the United StatesDNo such policy is applied in the United States【小题2】What makes it hard to take work-family balance measures in the States？AThe incompetence of the DemocratsBThe opposition from business circlesCThe lack of a precedent in American historyDThe existing Family and Medical Leave Act【小题3】What is Professor Anne Alstotts argument for parental support？AChildren need continuous careBGood parenting benefits societyCThe cost of raising children has been growingDThe USshould keep up with other developed countries【小题4】Why is the author against classifying parenting as a personal choice？AParenting is regarded as a moral dutyBParenting relies largely on social supportCParenting produces huge moral benefitsDParenting is basically a social responsibility阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Every autumn Linda Krentz felt her brain go on strike. “I just couldnt get going in the morning,” she says. “Id get depressed(抑郁的) and gain 10 pounds every winter and lose them again in the spring.” Then she read about seasonal emotional problem, a form of depression that occurs in autumn and winter, and she saw the light. Every morning now she turns on a special light box for half an hour and sits in front of it to trick her brain into thinking its still enjoying those long summer days. It seems to work.Krentz is not alone. Scientists estimate that 10 million Americans suffer from seasonal depression. Theres never been final conclusion that treatment with very bright lights makes a difference.Until now, in three separate studies published last month, researchers report not only that light treatment works better than a placebo(安慰剂) but that treatment is usually more effective in the early morning than in the evening.Why does light treatment work? No one really knows. “Our research suggests it has something to do with the change of the bodys internal(内部的) clock,” says psychiatrist Dr. Lewey. The body is programmed to start the day with sunrise, he explains, and this gets later as the days get shorter. But why such small changes make some people depressed and not others is a mystery.That hasnt stopped thousands of winter depressive patients from trying to heal themselves. Light boxes for that purpose are available without a doctors prescription(处方). That bothers psychologist Michael Terman. He is worried that the boxes may be tried by patients who suffer from mental illness that cant be treated with light.“You should at least choose a reputable manufacturer. Whatever product you use should give out only visible light, because ultraviolet(紫外线) light damages the eyes. If you are light-sensitive, you may develop a skin problem.” a doctor warned his patient. Though the main drawback is having to sit in front of the light for 30 to 60 minutes in the morning, thats an inconvenience many winter depressive patients can live with.67. What is the probable cause of Krentzs problem?A. Her seasonal change of body weight.B. A strange disease of her nervous system.C. Her poor eyesight in autumn and winter.D. Poor adjustment of her body clock to seasonal changes.68. By saying that Linda Krentz “saw the light”(Line 4, Para. 1), the author means that she “_”.A. learned how to lose weightB. realized what her problem wasC. came to see the importance of lightD. became light-hearted and cheerful69. What is the recent view concerning the treatment of seasonal depression with bright lights?A. Its effect remains to be seen. B. It serves as a kind of placebo.C. It proves to be effective. D. It hardly produces any effects.70. What is psychologist Michael Termans major concern?A. Depressive patients will be addicted to using light boxes.B. Patients may give up light treatment because of inconvenience.C. Light boxes will produce harmful ultraviolet lights.D. Light treatment could be misused by certain mental patients.【答案】67-70、DBCD2020高考英语阅读理解人物传记/故事类What benefits can you have from a film? A well-made film offers a whole world of things to watch. First there are the story aspects the plot,characters, dialogue and themes. Then there are the technical aspects the camera work, cuttings and special effects. And there are many other things, like the credits, musical score and the acting. Awell-made film offers much more than you see in one viewing (观看). Films are a means of communication. They can tell you things, just as newspapers do, or television,or any other means of communication. Sometimes they communicate important things to you, like ideasor lifestyles or ways of looking at the world. Sometimes people are aware of this, and sometimes not.The more you are aware of this, the better you are. Notice, for example, the way films sometimes affect fashion. A star dresses or wears her hair in a certain way, and suddenly everyone is imitating (模仿) her. Boys in the 1950s could sometimes be seen wearingblack leather jackets, idling (闲逛) on street corners and smoking cigarettes. They were imitating Marion Brando. His films taught them a certain way to behave. Films can also teach politics. In Star Wars, the heroes were a bunch of lovable incompetents (无能者) fighting with guts (胆量) and not much else. They were, in fact, rather like t