2020高考英语 最后30天语法精讲 名词、数词、冠词

2020;2020高考英语 最后30天语法精讲 名词、数词、冠词一、名词1、在句子里使用名词应注意的问题：名词的数：单数、复数和不可数；名词的格：通格和属格 （s ）名词的限定：特指、泛指、数量和习惯用法，即名词前加冠词或其它限定词， 例如： some, many , this, my 等2、名词的数和单位词：1）复型名词 + 复数动词The trousers are too big for me. Please show me the smaller pair.备用词： shoes, stockings, glasses, socksNOTICE: A pair of glasses costs quite a lot.2）复型名词 + 单数动词A. The news on TV is seldom satisfying.备用词：mathematics, physics, politics, means, works, the United StatesB. Twenty miles is a long way to walk.备用词： five pounds, two feet, six weeks3) 集合名词 + 复数名词The police have surrounded the building.Cattle are selling for record price (创记录）.备用词： the enemy, (the) peopleNOTICE: 表示由若干人组成的集合体的单数词常可作复数用，但若把这个集合体看作整体就用作单数:My family are wonderful. They do all they can for me.The family which now consists of four members at most issmaller than it used to be.4)不可数名词作可数的情况A. 部分不可数名词可以有下列情况a (an) + adj. + n.It looks like rain. a thirsty for knowledge(求知欲）a heavy rain He has a good knowledge of politics.备用词： snow, breakfast, wine, oil, educationB.口语特例（特定场合）A (One) beer, please.Two teas and four coffees, please.5)既是可数又是不可数的名词I broke a glass this morning. (杯子）Glass is made from sand. （玻璃）备用词： paper / a paper, light(光) / a light(灯);ice(冰) / an ice (冰激凌), chicken(鸡肉) / a chicken (雏鸡)6) 单位词A.个数a piece of information (furniture, advice)B. 以形状表示个数a grain of rice, a flight of stairsC. 容量a box of matches, a cup of teaD. 计量a metre of cloth, a ton of coalE.其它a (new) set of tools (wires, teeth, rules)3、名词的格：1） s 的用法A . 与时间有关的名词a nights sleep ten minutes walkNOTICE: a two-hour walk = two hourswalkB. 和else 连用book can this be? A. Who elses B. Whose elseC. Whos else D. Whose elses (A)C. s 修饰的词，如果前面提到，可省略This is Jacks book, not Toms.This book is Jacks not Toms.D. 表示店、铺、家、诊所等， s 后面的名词省略at the Greens (house), at the doctors (office)2) OF 结构表示所有关系A. 无生命的名词用ofthe price of the successB. 有生命的名词被一个短语或从句修饰而表示所有关系时用ofCant you look at the book of the boy behind you?3)双重所有格s 与of结构并用，此时of结构所修饰的名词前通常有a, an, two, some, that等Miss Smith is a friend of Marys mothers.that brother of the girl4)名词 + 名词 （名词用作形容词）A. 单数名词名词a shoe (flower) shop ticket officeNOTICE: the tailors (shop)B. 复数名词名词 sports meet clothes shop women pilots二、数词1、数词在使用时应注意的问题：l 易错数词：l 年月日及介词l 计算用词l 和数字相关的词2、综合 1) 数字表达：123,856,709one hundred and twenty-three million, eight hundred andfifty-six thousand, seven hundred and nine2) 年月日 in the morning; on the morning of September 1;in September; in 1988; on September 1 (on the first of September)3、计算 Six and five is (are) eleven.Six hundred plus forty is (equals) six hundred and forty. Four from seven is (leaves) three.Six hundred minus one hundred equals five hundred.X 16 x 11 = 176Sixteen times eleven is (makes) one hundred and seventy-six. 9 3 = 3Nine divided by three equals three.4、dozen, scoreA. three dozen eggs; three dozen of these eggs; dozens of eggsB. three score years; a (three) score of people; scores of times5、小数，分数，百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题分数和百分数引导的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定如果是可数名词的复数，其谓语动词用复数形式；如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式More than 40 percent of the students wear glasses.70 percent od the fund(资金) was supplied by the Government.6、“一个半”的表达法one pound and a half ,one and a half years三、冠词、冠词应注意的问题l 习惯用法l 同一名词前不同名词的比较、不定冠词1) 成对的名词（此类名词间常有一种自然的联系）a knife and fork2) a most + n. “非常“ This is a most beautiful country.3) a (an) 与 one 之区别A. 数字对比用one It was one coffee we ordered, not two.B. 对比 A knife is no good. (刀子不行） One knife is no good. (一把刀子不行） C. 通用a (one) million, a (one) quarter4) a (an) 与every 之比较: three times a year; twice every three years5) 惯用法 A. What a surprise ! What a lovely dress !quite a nice day rather a good ideasuch a funny expressionB. too cold a day How lovely a dress!so strange a person as good a map as3、定冠词1）普通名词组成的专有名词 the Great Wall the Summer Palace2）江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾 the Pacific (Ocean)3）the + adj. (-ing; -ed)A. 指一类人，谓语用复数The old are being taken good care of.B. 指一类事，谓语用单数The beautiful is not always the same as the good.4）用在radio, piano, telephone, 方位、次序、自然现象（rain）、身体部位前 He hates the telephone.5）被定语从句、介词短语、副词短语、不定式短语等修饰的名词前The boy who you are looking for (in blue, there, standing there,dressed in blue ) is a student.4、零冠词1）街道、广场、节假日、季节、月份、星期、棋类、球类等National Day Nanjing Road2）职位充当补语、同位语时He was elected headmaster of the school.3）成对出现的成语arm in arm (手挽手), hand in hand (手牵手), face to face,side by side(肩并肩), day and night, young and old,from door to door, from morning till night, from beginning to end5、冠词比较1) go to school (hospital, church); in prison (强调用途）go to the school, visit the prison (强调建筑物本身）2) Ill go there next Friday. (以说话时间为准）In 1989, he was 28, and the next year, he was 29. (以所给时间为准）3) by air (plane, boat) in a spaceship ( on the bike, on the bus)4) Open the window to let in fresh air. (泛指)The air in the room is not fresh. (特指)5) be at table be at the table6) a cup of coffee Two coffees, please. I like white coffee.This is a very good coffee. The coffee on the table is Toms.7) Mr. White is waiting to see you. A Mr. White is waiting to see you.The Mr. White you are looking for is waiting to see you.8) A horse is a useful animal. The horse is a useful animal.Horses are useful animals.9) the best season of the year the best time of yearEXERCISES 1 （单选）1. -Id like information about the management of your hotel, please.-Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful.A. some, a B. an, some C. some, some D. an, a2. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to have a .A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice3. He dropped the and broke it. A. cup of coffeeB. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup4. There are only twelve in the hospital. A. woman doctorsB. women doctors C. women doctor D. woman doctor5. -How many does a cow have? -Four.A. stomaches B. stomach C. stomachs D.stomachines6. The of the building are covered with lots of . (AADBCA)A. roofs, leaves B.rooves, leafs C. roof, leaf D.roofs, leafs7.That was a fifty engine. A. horse powerB. horses power C. horse powers D. horses powers8. -How far away is it from here to your school? -Its about .A. half an hours drive B. half hours drivesC. half an hour drives D. half an hour drive9. Last week I called at my .A. aunt B. aunts C. aunts D. auntss10. Youll find this map of great in helping you to get round London.A. price B. cost C. usefulness D. value11. Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.A.不填 B. a C. the D.one12. -Wheres Jack ? -I think hes still in bed but he might just be in bathroom. A.不填， 不填 B. the, theC. the, 不填 D. 不填， the (AACDCD)13. Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places. A. the, the B. 不填，不填C. the, 不填 D.不填， the14.She is newcomer to chemistry bust she has already made someimportant discoveries.A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. a, 不填 D. a, the15. -Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.-Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a16. Paper money was in use in China when Marco Polo visited thecountry in thirteenth centry.A. the, 不填 B. 不填, the C. the, the D. 不填, 不填17.The warmth of sweater will of course be determined by the sort ofwool used.A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. 不填, the D.不填, 不填18.Summers in south of France are for most part dry and sunny.A. 不填, a B. the, 不填 C. 不填, 不填 D. the, the (CCCBBD)19 A rough estimate, Nigeria is_ Great Britain. （05上海卷） ( D)A. three times the size as B. the size three times ofC. three times as the size of D. three times the size of20 He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its best when he worked with others. （05上海卷） (D)A. temper B. appearanceC. talent D. character21 I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction. （05浙江卷）(D)Aidea BfeelingCexperience Dsense22 Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_.（05天津卷） (C)A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind23My _ of this weekends activity is going out with some good friends. （05安徽卷） (A)A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought24The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _ all over the country. （05辽宁卷） (B)AcompaniesBbranches CorganizationsDbusinesses25 It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _ journey.（05北京春）（C）A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours26Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource.（08山东） A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. the; the D. the; aD the internet 表示一类事物，a resource表示是资源的一种。EXERCISES 2 (改错，每句一个错）1. After one year hard work, the Senior Three students have already pre-pared themselves for the entrance