江苏省宝应县画川高级中学2020届高考英语最后一讲

2020届画川高级中学高三B部最后一讲第一部分 听力部分2020考纲要求：要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短对话和独白。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取事实性的具体信息；（3）对所听内容作出简单推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。一、培养良好心态听力测试题不同于其他题型， 不可能像其他书面题型一样遇到不明白的地方可以回过头来看前面的材料或停下来自由地思考一下。听力测试做题速度是由命题人统一掌握，录音材料瞬息即逝，无“回听”的机会或自由思考的余地。考生临场心态对听力成绩有着极大的影响。考生必须要培养良好的心态。1消除紧张心理。听力测试时，要做到心情平静，心态放松，精力集中。如感到测试前心情比较紧张，做几次深呼吸，可有效缓解紧张情绪。2克服急躁心理。有些考生在挺立测试时，不是听材料大意，而是专注于个别单词。有个别词没听懂，往往停下来去思索，随即产生急躁焦虑心理，头脑一片空白，等回过神来，录音早已放完。（1）要学会暂时放弃。要知道即使是听力很好的学生，也不是个个单词听得清清楚楚的。只要掌握了大意，做出题目来一般是不成问题的。如果犹豫不决，录音稍纵即逝，就会影响后面的内容，导致“一处未听清，全文没听懂”，得不偿失。（2）要学会自我暗示：我没听懂的地方，其他的考生未必能听懂；个别题目做不出来没什么关系。二、合理分配注意力1. 加强对英语听力技巧的掌握（1）放松心情，预测要点。听前采取某些方法对听力材料的内容进行推测。（2）听中捕捉信息。根据听前对听力材料所作出的预料，有意识地讲自己的注意力集中于有关信息（3）)做好笔记，把握细节。把听力中重要的信息以及容易忘记的内容，如时间，地点，数字等关键词记下来。用简单的符号或者缩写记笔记。如TS代替teachers, Ss代替students,+代替and等等（4）注意特殊句型，把握关键词：考生要注意转折、让步、否定和虚拟语气的特殊句型以及时态的转换，把握说话者的真正意图。表转折的常见词是but，一般来说听者尤其要注意but后的意思，这是整句的主要部分。其他表转折和让步意义的词还有：though, although, even though, even if, in spite of, despite, unless, instead of, however及whatever(=no matter what)之类引导让步状语从句的表达法。表示否定意义的关键词、词组有：no, not, never, seldom, hardly, doubt, neither, too.to, little, few等。考生还应掌握虚拟语气的各种句型及在具体语境下的使用。2、加强两读，注意积累两读指的是阅读和朗读。在阅读时，应有目的的选择难易适中的相关读物。同时尽量做到分类阅读，使题材和体裁多样化，避免单一的阅读。朗读，即出声的阅读。可以解决语音辨别能力低、语流连贯能力弱、不同口音辨析能力差等问题。另外，朗读还有利于语感的培养、词汇的积累和写作能力的提高。3、把握特点，捕捉信息英语听力测试在把握所听内容话题中心的同时，一定要注意对具体事实信息的把握。如话题所涉及的具体时间、地点、数字、人物等等。这些问题大多以When, where, who, what, why, how等疑问词开头。4、听清主题句，把握中心思想从历届高考听力测试的情况来看，考查材料的中心思想是测试听力能力的重要内容。短文或独立的主题句往往出现在文章的句首，偶尔也出现在句中或句末。主题句往往是一篇听力材料的中心思想，文章中的其他内容都用来说明和发展主题句。如果考生从问题和选项中已看出该题测试点为主旨要义、标题、中心思想及作者观点等方面的问题，那么听清主题句就尤为重要。第二部分 语言知识运用2020考纲要求：要求考生能够运用基本的英语语法知识，掌握不少于3500个英语单词和400500个习惯用语或固定搭配固定搭配。第一节 单项填空 答题应试技巧： 认真分析句子结构； 注意语境分析，克服思维定势。切记：语言是活的，而语法是死的；方法：多用排除法；遇上疑问句、强调句、定语从句、插入语等要对题干进行简化和还原。单项填空做得好而快，不仅可以节省时间，而且还能增强信心。解题具体指导：一、 语境分析法语境即一定的语言环境。通过自然、巧妙地设置一定的语言情景或故意隐蔽某些有效的信息，稍不注意就会错选。-Which of the two ways shall I take to the village ?- _ way as you please.A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either (D)- Are you sure you wont come for a drink with us ?-_, if you insist.A. Not at all B. It depends C. All right then D. I dont care (C)二、句子结构还原法还原或化简句子，题干以省略句、疑问句 、被动句 、倒装句、强调句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而加大难度。有时题干较长, 加入了从句、插入语等修饰部分。1. 将疑问句、感叹句还原为陈述句。（2020年湖南卷）Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _close you may be to victory.A. how B. that C. which D. where (A)Whom would you rather have _with you ?A. to go B. go C. gone D. going (B)还原为：you would rather have whom _ with you2. 将倒装句、强调句还原为正常语序（2020年江西卷）Only when he apologizes for his rudeness _ to him again.A. I will speak B. will I speak C. do I speak D. I speak (B)It was _ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at homeArepair Brepairing Cto repair Din repair (B)还原为：The old man spent the whole morning _ the old clock at homeI just wonder that made Mark Twain so famous a writer.Of course his early experiences.A. it was what B. what he did C. how he did D. what it was (D)3. 将省略句还原为完整句（2020江西卷） If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked (A)-What made you so happy ?-_.A. Because of my passing the exam. B. I passed the exam.C. Because I passed the exam. D. My passing the exam. (D)还原成：_ made me so happy.4.将被动句改为主动句As a student, every minute should be made full use _ hard at our lessons.A. of working B. of to work C. of work D. of being work (B)还原为:We should make full use of every minute _our lesson well.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked (B)5. 将冗长题还原为简单题干。命题者往往有意设置一些无效附加信息，使题干复杂化。在解决这类题时，不妨将这些无效附加信息大胆合理地舍去，即将起干扰作用的定语从句、非谓语动词、介词短语或插入语，如I think / suppose / believe, do you think / suppose / believe, you know, of course等删除，从而更容易地选出正确答案。 Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library _ a book about it.Aon B. at C. for D. to (C)Mr Smith, in your eyes, _ that affects the development of Chinas economy?A. what it is B. what is it C. how it is D. where is it (B)It is global warming, rather than other factors,_ the extreme weather.A. that have led to B. which has caused C. which are causing D. that has led to (D)三、分析法解题时，考生必须分析句子结构-注意句子前后的一致性（如主谓一致、时态一致、代词一致等）， 快速划分出意群，弄清句子结构并找出句子所缺的成分，才有利于问题的解决。The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in one corner.A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood (A)If nothing _, the oceans will turn into fish deserts.A. does B. had been done C. will do D. is done (D)Whom was it up to _ the matter?A. decide B. to decide C. deciding D. decided (B)四、突破思维定势法思维定势是学习过程中形成的一种习惯性思维定向。它在语言学习过程中可以起到积极的作用，但也会误导学生不仔细分析问题，生搬硬套地去答题。因此，命题者会有意地利用学生的思维定势，造成学生解题的失误。因此，学生应当灵活运用所学知识去分析解决问题。. The home improvements have taken what little there is _ my spare time.A. from B. in C. of D. at (C)The country life he was used to _greatly since 1992. (2020山东卷)A. change B. has changed C. changingD. have changed (B)五、注重标点符号和连接词借助标点符号或连词，正确分析句子结构。它们往往决定句子后半部分是否是完整的句子，从而判断所填答案是连词还是代词，是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。We are all embarrassed at the sight: Some Chinese _ rubbish on the Great Wall, followed by a foreigner _ up the litter.A. Dropping; picked B. dropping; picking C. dropped; picking D. dropped; picked (B)_ but he still didnt know what to do.A. Though he had been told B. He had been told C. Having been told D. Told (B)If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, _ means many more people in the world can enjoy it.A. as B. which C. what D. that (D)六比较、排除法比较法是对语法知识、词义、相似结构进行比较。排除法不能单独使用，他只是前几种方法的补充，因为排除某一选项必须依据固定搭配和句子结构等来进行。When I arrived , Bryan took me to the house _ I would be staying.A. what B. when C. where D. which (C). A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A. should B. can C. must D. will (B)七、逻辑推理法根据前后文，进行逻辑推理，在四个选项都可以填入的情况下，要认真阅读全句，仔细体会其语境，根据逻辑关系和常识，进行判断，选择最佳答案。. No matter _ a full schedule you have, only when you try really hard _ always fit some more things in it.A. how, can you B. what, can you C. which, you can D. when, can you (B). -Do you think Mom and Dad _ late ?-No, Swiss Air is usually on time.A. were B. will be C. would be D. have been (B)八、规律可循法1交际用语部分试题的选项中，错误选项不但错得比较明显，而且有一定的规律可循，错误选项的类型大体有：A. 选项本身语法错误B. 选项议题与谈话主题无关C. 选项明显不符合英语文化习俗表达D. 选项虽然与谈话主题有关，但不能提供发问者要求的信息、态度或观点. Its more convenient to take a subway than drive a private car. _. Whats more, its also a good way to support the low-carbon lifestyle.A. Quite soB. So is itC. By all meansD. All right (A)2通过对高考题的分析，可以发现交际用语的考查形式多样：给出第一句问语，选答语的情况；给出答语，选第一句问语的情况（当然居多）；给出问语或答语的一部分，让考生补充完整问语或答语。事实上，这就给了考生更多的提示，缩小了选择的范围，在一定程度上降低了试题的难度。在做类似考题时，应抓住题干中已有的文字提供的信息，选择最符合题意的选项。. What a day! Nothing seems to be going my way. _, Susan. You are killing yourself for all the work.A. Take it easyB. Go right aheadC. Good luck D. Have great fun热身训练：1. _ news hit _Venice Film Festival unexpectedly: Hayao Miyazaki, the worlds most honored creator of animated features, was ending his movie career.A. 不填；theB. 不填；不填C. The; 不填D. The; the2. The successful candidate will be adaptable, take ownership of and develop in the role by taking initiative, being motivated and _ high standards.A. ensuredB. to ensureC. ensuringD. to be ensured3. As the scheduled flight for Stockholm from Helsinki early Thursday was canceled, he had to _ an airport hotel and will fly to Stockholm later Thursday if weather allows.A. check intoB. burst intoC. bump intoD. bring into4. He is never satisfied with what he has got. The grass is always greener on the other side of the _.A. roadB. fenceC. wallD. garden5. Blog discussions may be closed to new comments, _a message is displayed informing you of that.A. in what caseB. in which caseC.in whose case D.in that case6. A promisingapproach to reducingappetitewhich does not _ taking anydrugs, and is very safe, is to drink a certain amount of water before a meal.A. suggestB. involveC. preventD. practice7. Make contacts among your parents friends, your neighbors, your community organizations _ you can find working adults, network.A. wheneverB. whateverC. whoeverD. wherever8. The question was brought to life again _a person has the right to end his or her own life and a doctor has the right to assist.A. whereB. in whichC. thatD. whether9. It is thought police had been called to the scene following a report of a collision involving her vehicle and _ of another motorist.A. oneB. thoseC. someD. that10. William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright_, and his works still influence the English language and todays literature.A. of the timeB. of all timesC. at timesD. over time11 According to the new rules, if a student _ happen to damage something in the campus, he/she should report it those concerned immediately.A. shouldB. willC. shallD. would12. Miss. Miller, this is Ruben Holmen calling again. You had said I should call this week to schedule an interview with you. _, why dont we say next Monday at 11:30 a.m.?A. It dependsB. All right thenC. How comeD. With pleasure13. I wonder if you could go with me to the supermarket. Dont disturb me. I _ my daily report this morning and havent finished yet.A. writeB. was writingC. have writtenD. have been writing14. While being shy is normal, it is when the shyness interferes with an individuals daily communication with others _ it becomes a disorder.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. that15. You look excited. Whats up? _ My sister is going to have a baby! That means Ill be an aunt.A. I guess.B. No doubt.C. Guess what!D. All right.16. These remarkable findings suggest the elephants have _ a memory capacity to make distinctions between human voices.A. built upB. packed upC. brought upD. took up17. What about the protection of these equipment? Lets keep the surface _ dirt by putting a cover over it.A. far fromB. free fromC. apart fromD. away from18. Deep love comes after we see how imperfect the other is and _ to him or her anyway.A. caterB. seeC. appealD. commit19. _ people have become masters of their own country that science can really serve the people.A. Only whenB. If onlyC. Only ifD. It is only when20. To see, or not to see? That is not the question, because Stratford-upon-Avon is a constant must, _ the weather.A. whatB. howC. whateverD. however21. A much better way, as the press reveals, must be found to achieve an equal _ of the resources.A. distributionB. contributionC. locationD. separation22. It isnt unusual to hear a man say he doesnt know _ serious problems are in his friends marriage until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.A. howB. whatC. suchD. which23. You must find the club poster funny. _. It makes no sense.A. So it isB. Not in the leastC. It dependsD. I couldnt agree more24. Three days after the aircraft went missing, an international effort _ ships and planes hasnt found any wreckage, _ growing frustration for the families of the 239 people on board.A. involved; causingB. to involve; causedC. involving; causingD. involving; having caused25. Look! Its raining again. Why _it rain on Sundays? We are always staying inside for days! What a nuisance!A. needB. mustC. canD. should26. To British people, Canadians may sound American; to Americans, they may sound British. Canadians themselves insist on not being identified with _.A. eitherB. bothC. anyD. neither27. It is known to all that the US is about the same size as China, whereas its population is five times_.A. as fewB. fewerC. as littleD. smaller28. When will the expert come and give the lecture on intellectual property? Not until our program _ by the authorities.A. approvesB. has been approvedC. is to approveD. will be approved29. But according to the experts, there are financial mistakes many people make _ keep them away from their possible wealth.A. thatB. whatC. whoD. whether30. Im so sorry that I screwed everything up. I didnt mean to. I _.A. Its rightB. Take your timeC. Take it easyD. Dont mention it1-5 DCABB 6-10BDDDB 11-15 ABDDC16-20 ABDDC 21-25 AABCB 26-30 ADBAC第二节 完形填空完形填空侧重考查考生对语篇整体意义的理解和语言运用的准确性，其内容逻辑性强，文章结构严谨，层次分明。切忌在对全文的大意心中无数的情况下就进行解题的第二步-边读边选，这样的结果很可能是偏离文章，耗费时间，欲速则不达。（一）阅读全文，掌握大意速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格，生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去，不要急于看选项。一遍读不懂可以再迅速读一遍，直到明了大意，掌握梗概，总体把握文章内容，结构，时态，语态变化，情节的展开，结果的形成，然后答题。若首句交代了when, where, who, what,即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味；若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。（二）细读全文，试选答案1.重视首句，把握开篇完形填空一般无标题，首尾句不留空白，是完整的句子。细读这两句就可以判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。读懂首句或尾句可以帮助建立正确的思维导向，利用它作为解题的(三）复读全文，验证答案（1）检查表达法的习惯性：即习惯用语、固定搭配、句型词组是否符合习惯。（2）检查上下文的连贯性：及凭借语感，按照上下文，检查段落与段落，句子与句子之间的衔接是否连贯。这是检查中至关重要的一环，往往能纠正一处甚至多处错误。注意：实在拿不准的地方，不可轻易改变初衷，因为有些答案自己虽然说不出道理，但在感觉上好像应该用某个词，这种凭语感选取的答案往往有较大的可靠性。突破口，对理解全文起重要的作用。【高考链接】(2020年课标全国卷)Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker. He is not famous in sports or the arts, But people in the streets 16 him.16. A. know aboutB. learn fromC. cheer forD. look after解析：A 从首句的信息就可得出结论：这篇完型填空是一篇记述文，Michael Greenberg是个受欢迎的人。前面说他在艺术和运动方面不出名（not famous）, 然后用but表示转折，但是人们都知道、了解（know about）他。2.掌握技巧，灵活答题（1）前后呼应法根据上下文语境来确定最佳选项完形填空试题在选项的设置上淡化语法结构，重在文意的干扰，即把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。【高考链接】(2020年高考英语江西卷)“Hold on ! Im coming.” With （53 relief）, she say the old man rowing an ancient-looking boat towards her. “I hope youve learned a lesson. You put us both in（54 danger）, ” he shouted angrily, as he dragged her over the side of the 55 . Gratefully, Diane thanked him and ran towards the beach-house.55.A. houseB. waveC. beachD. boat解析：D 根据上下文中的“With （53 relief）, she say the old man rowing an ancient-looking boat towards her.”可知，Diane看见老人划船来救她，故应该是把她拖到“船”上边。（2）词汇辨析法从近年来高考真题的分析情况来看，相似词汇彼此之间的细致辨析题型在考试中比重逐年增加，同时这也是高中考生的弱点所在。根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义从而确定答案完形填空题的考查虽然淡化语法，但对语言点的考查依然存在，不过主要体现在词汇搭配和语义辨析两个方面。要做好这种题目，必须尽量将词语辨析与情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来，从词汇意义入手，抓住情节线索解决问题。Soon I heard alike that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout解析：A。 选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B，C，D项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。（3）语法结构法完形填空多以“语义立意”，而不是“语法立意”。也就是说，完形填空解题主要是通过文章意义的走向而不是通过语法来设题和解题，但也不排除20个小题中有个别小题需要结合语法来解题。那此考点对于高中生而言比较熟悉，也是我们的优势所在。需要同学们注意的就是现在的这种考点核心在多种语法点的结合考察，也同时注意到语境的具体要求。【高考链接】(2020年高考英语山东卷)So tried a(n) ( 42 experience) I started asking people around me how they were doing, and if they were having trouble I (43 offered) to help. That was really a big (44 step) for me. By the end of the year, I had several new friends, and two of 45 are still my best friends today.45. A. us B. which C. them D. whom解析：C。 根据上下文是several new friends 可知，只代的是人，B不适合，朋友属于第三人称，A也不适合。根据and 可知，此处为前后两个并列句，而不是定语从句，故选C。 D项有一定的干扰性，考生易误选。如果去掉and，本空应选whom。（4）抓住关联词根据文章中表示并列关系的连词或副词如and， also和besides等，它们的题点是and前后的成分结构相似，意义相关，再做出准确判断。文段一出现“but”，即可确定前后语意有转折。只要知其一方的语意，就能反推出另一方意思，这有利于解题。在高考完形填空题中，多半会在but一词后设题。所以，一看到but就做上标记，遇到类似于but的词，如however, nevertheless, whereas, yet等词时作同样处理。这样便于回到原文去寻找解题的依据。An old lady came on the bus. She was not too old but looking _ and I think she was not well either.A. tired B. excited C. surprised D. interested解析：A。本句中的but表示的是转折的含义。由此可知，虽然她不是太老，但她看起来十分“疲惫”，再由and后的not well知此空所填的词应和“身体不好”相吻合。（5）固定搭配法这部分主要考查考生平时的基础知识储备，尤其是对动词短语形容词短语固定句型等的考查。运用词汇间的搭配关系，经常可以无需理解上下文而直接确定答案，即使确定不了答案，也往往可以排除一些明显不符合搭配关系的选项，缩写选择范围，提高答案的准确率。【高考链接】(2020年高考英语北京卷)To be a top-level gymnast, one must be brave. The beam is probably the most (46 fearful) for anyone because its four inches wide. At the state competition, Lola didnt fall 47 the beam. In fact, she got an 8.1 out of 10her highest score yet.47. A. toB. onC. offD. against解析：C fall off 为固定搭配，意为“从-掉下来”。结合语境，劳拉在全国比赛中，没有从平衡木上掉下来。（6）发挥逻辑思维能力，挖掘文章寓意、隐意近几年完形填空以叙事为主，有时加入一定的议论和说明，内容贴近生活，表层意思易于理解，所以很容易给学生造成一种假象，产生“轻敌”心理，有些同学做完一篇完形填空以后，自我感觉不错，但一对答案错很多，原因是这些同学仅仅理解了文章的表层含义，而忽略了其深层含义。事实上，完形填空文章大都包含一定的哲理、寓意，具备深层探询的可能性。这就要求考生不仅要明确文章的表层意义，还要挖掘出文章的深层含义，做到“表里一致”。_52_ laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure happiness.52. A. People B. Nobody C. Somebody D. I解析：C 本题要求根据事情发展的逻辑关系来判定答案。此处叙述作者的作文给全班同学带来欢乐的过程，先是“有人”发笑，最后全班同学大笑，逻辑通顺。（7）结合生活常识判断 完形填空往往以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间交织渗透者各类相关的文化背景知识和生活常识，考查考生灵活运用该方面知识的能力。解决这类题目，考生不仅要有广博的知识、丰富的生活经历，还要能够驾驭全文，不仅理解文章的表层意义，而且要弄清文章的深层意义。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。Lise was one of the mobile children, 39 from house to house in childhood. She longs for a